Industrial metal: Perbedaan antara revisi
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{{Infobox music genre|name=Industrial metal|bgcolor=#BB0022|stylistic_origins={{hlist|[[Industrial rock]]|[[Heavy metal music|heavy metal]]}}|cultural_origins=Pertengahan-1980an; Britania Raya, Amerika Serikat, Jerman, dan Swiss|derivatives=[[Nu metal]]|fusiongenres=|subgenrelist=|subgenres=|regional_scenes=|other_topics=* [[Metal alternatif]]
* [[avant-garde metal]]
* [[Neue Deutsche Härte]]
* [[Gelombang baru heavy metal Amerika|NWOAHM]]
* [[thrash metal]]|image=Hellfest2017Ministry 14.jpg|caption=Ministry di [[Hellfest]] tahun 2017. Dari kiri ke kanan: Al Jourgensen, Jason Christopher dan Cesar Soto. Keyboardis John Bechdel ada di latar belakang.|image size=250}}'''Industrial metal''' adalah perpaduan dari musik [[heavy metal]] dan [[industrial]], biasanya menggunakan pengulangan [[riff]] [[gitar metal]], [[Sampling (musik)|sampling]], penyintesis atau [[Music sequencer|sequencer]], dan vokal yang [[Distorsi (musik)|terdistorsi]].<ref name="allmusic1">{{cite web|title=Industrial Metal|url={{AllMusic|class=style|id=industrial-metal-ma0000012276|pure_url=yes}}|work=[[Allmusic]]|publisher=[[All Media Network]]|access-date=9 September 2017}}</ref> Industrial metal terkemuka termasuk [[Ministry]], [[Godflesh]], [[Marilyn Manson (band)|Marilyn Manson]], [[Rammstein]], [[Fear Factory]] dan [[Nine Inch Nails]].{{sfn|Di Perna A|1995|p=69}}<ref>{{Cite book|last=Berelian|first=Essi|year=2005|url=https://archive.org/details/roughguidetoheav0000bere_t6b9|title=The Rough Guide to Heavy Metal|location=London|publisher=Rough Guides|isbn=1-84353-415-0|pages=131, 225–227, 252–254|url-access=registration|via=the Internet Archive}}</ref>
Industrial metal berkembang pada akhir 1980-an, saat industrial dan metal mulai menyatu menjadi genre yang sama.{{sfn|Di Perna A|1995|p=69}} Industrial metal berhasil dengan baik di awal 1990-an, khususnya di Amerika Utara,{{sfn|Wiederhorn|1994|p=64}} dengan keberhasilan kelompok-kelompok seperti Nine Inch Nails dan [[Pitchshifter]], tetapi popularitasnya mulai memudar di paruh kedua tahun 1990-an.{{sfn|Wiederhorn|1994|p=64}}
== Sejarah ==
=== Inovator awal ===
Meskipun gitar listrik telah digunakan oleh seniman industrial sejak awal genre,{{sfn|Wiederhorn|1994|p=64}} kelompok industrial pola dasar seperti [[Throbbing Gristle]] menunjukkan sikap anti-rok yang kuat.{{Sfn|Paytress|1995|pp=92, 94}} Grup musik [[post-punk]] Inggris [[Killing Joke]] memelopori persilangan antara gaya{{sfn|Chantler|2002|p=54}} dan, bersama dengan grup musik industrial Kanada Skinny Puppy, merupakan pengaruh pada gerakan besar yang terkait dengan industrial metal seperti [[Ministry]], [[Godflesh]], dan [[Nine Inch Nails]].<ref name="decibel july 2007">{{Cite magazine|last=Bennett, J.|date=July 2007|title=Killing Joke|url=http://www.decibelmagazine.com/features/jul2007/killingjoke.aspx|magazine=Decibel Magazine|issue=33|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080315022956/http://www.decibelmagazine.com/features/jul2007/killingjoke.aspx|archive-date=15 March 2008|access-date=9 September 2017}}</ref><ref name="sfgate june 2007">{{Cite magazine|last=Bennett, J.|date=June 2007|title=Skinny Puppy / Among industrial music band's fans are Trent Reznor and Marilyn Manson, and once you're in, it's a lifelong commitment|url=https://www.sfgate.com/thingstodo/article/Skinny-Puppy-Among-industrial-music-band-s-fans-2585209.php|magazine=SFGate|issue=33}}</ref> Grup musik rok industrial pionir lainnya, [[Big Black]], juga memengaruhi beberapa grup selanjutnya.<ref name="guardian">{{cite web|author=Chick, Stevie|date=18 July 2008|title=Till deaf us do part|url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2008/jul/18/electronicmusic|work=The Guardian|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170909185843/https://www.theguardian.com/music/2008/jul/18/electronicmusic|archive-date=9 September 2017|access-date=9 September 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>{{sfn|Chantler|2002|p=54}}
Pada akhir 1980-an, industri dan heavy metal mulai menyatu menjadi genre yang sama,{{sfn|Di Perna A|1995|p=69}} dengan [[Godflesh (EP)|EP self-titled]]<ref name="godflesh88">{{Cite web|last=Walters|first=Martin|title=Godflesh – Godflesh|url={{AllMusic|class=album|id=godflesh-mw0000204753|pure_url=yes}}|website=AllMusic|publisher=All Media Network|access-date=15 September 2017}}</ref> Godflesh dan ''[[The Land of Rape and Honey]]'' dari Ministry di garis depan. Godflesh didirikan oleh mantan gitaris [[Napalm Death]], [[Justin Broadrick]].<ref name="decibel march 2007">{{Cite magazine|last=Bartkewicz, Anthony|date=March 2007|title=Justin Broadrick|url=http://www.decibelmagazine.com/features/mar2007/justinbroadrick.aspx|magazine=Decibel Magazine|issue=29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080223185218/http://www.decibelmagazine.com/features/mar2007/justinbroadrick.aspx|archive-date=23 February 2008|access-date=9 September 2017}}</ref> Digambar dari beragam pengaruh—pendahulu [[Elektronika daya (musik)|elektronika daya]] [[Whitehouse (band)|Whitehouse]],{{sfn|Kaye|1992|p=16}} band [[noise rock]] [[Swans]],<ref>{{cite news|author=Ruffin, Josh|date=23 October 2007|title=Justin Broadrick: Existing through risk|url=http://www.metrospirit.com/index.php?ShowArticle_ID=11012410074046204&cat=1993101070588705|newspaper=Metro Spirit|volume=19|issue=13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090210144406/http://www.metrospirit.com/index.php?ShowArticle_ID=11012410074046204&cat=1993101070588705|archive-date=10 February 2009|access-date=9 September 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref> pencipta musik ambient Brian Eno<ref name="decibel march 20072">{{Cite magazine|last=Bartkewicz, Anthony|date=March 2007|title=Justin Broadrick|url=http://www.decibelmagazine.com/features/mar2007/justinbroadrick.aspx|magazine=Decibel Magazine|issue=29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080223185218/http://www.decibelmagazine.com/features/mar2007/justinbroadrick.aspx|archive-date=23 February 2008|access-date=9 September 2017}}</ref> dan sesama hard rocker Birmingham Black Sabbath{{sfn|Pettigrew|1991|p=22}}—suara Godflesh pernah digambarkan sebagai "The Cure on Quaaludes{{sfn|Thompson|1994|p=44}} era Pornografi". Meski bukan top seller,{{sfn|Mudrian|2004|p=186}} Godflesh tetap menjadi artis berpengaruh, namanya disebut-sebut oleh Korn,{{sfn|Yates|2001|p=19}} Metallica,{{sfn|Alexander|1995|p=52}} Danzig,<ref>{{cite magazine|url=http://www.decibelmagazine.com/features/jan2007/glenndanzig.aspx|title=Glenn Danzig|author=Bennett, J.|date=January 2007|magazine=Decibel Magazine|issue=27|access-date=9 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080223185159/http://www.decibelmagazine.com/features/jan2007/glenndanzig.aspx|archive-date=23 February 2008}}</ref> Faith No More,{{sfn|Mörat|1990|p=14}} dan Fear Factory.{{sfn|Yates|2001|p=19}}
Ministry muncul dari tempat kejadian di sekitar Wax Trax! Records, label indie Chicago yang didedikasikan untuk musik industri.{{sfn|Blush|2001|p=223}} Perampokan awal Ministry ke dalam gitar rock terjadi selama sesi rekaman The Land of Rape and Honey di Southern Studios, di London.{{sfn|Gill|1996|p=88}} Vokalis band, Al Jourgensen kelahiran Kuba, menjelaskan transisi ini:{{sfn|The Ministry of Noise|1989|p=49}}
{{Quote|quote=Menemukan kembali gitar pada rekaman ini hampir seperti hari pertama saya mendapatkan [[Fairlight CMI|Fairlight]] saya. Kemungkinannya sepertinya tidak terbatas pada sesuatu yang sebelumnya tampak sangat terbatas. Itu sangat lucu. Saya mulai sebagai gitaris, tetapi saya tidak pernah benar-benar menyentuh gitar selama lima tahun. Kemudian saya mendengar bahwa [[Audio feedback|feedback]] pertama keluar dari [[Marshall Amplification|Marshall]] [[Guitar amplifier|stack]] dan tiba-tiba seperti ada parameter baru dalam permainan gitar sendiri – terutama dalam kombinasi dengan suara yang Anda dapatkan dari [[Keyboard elektronik|keyboard]].}}
[[File:Rev_cocks.jpg|pra=https://en.wiki-indonesia.club/wiki/File:Rev_cocks.jpg|ka|jmpl|Al Jourgensen (tengah) dengan [[Revolting Cocks]]]]
Jourgensen tampaknya sangat menyukai thrash metal. Setelah rilis Land, ia merekrut gitaris Mike Scaccia dari Texas thrasher Rigor Mortis.<ref name="AllMusic_Scaccia">{{cite web|author=Whitney Z. Gomes|title=Mike Scaccia|url={{AllMusic|class=artist|id=mn0000955452|pure_url=yes}}|work=AllMusic|publisher=All Media Network|access-date=9 September 2017}}</ref> Pada satu kesempatan, Jourgensen mengatakan kepada pers bahwa Sepultura adalah band favoritnya.{{sfn|Barcinski|1992|p=27}} Ia pun mengungkapkan keinginannya untuk memproduseri album Metallica.{{sfn|Gitter|1990|p=77}} Ketertarikan Jourgensen pada musik elektronik yang berorientasi pada tarian tidak sepenuhnya memudar; dia juga membentuk proyek sampingan Revolting Cocks, sebuah kolaborasi yang dipengaruhi musik tubuh yang lebih elektronik dengan Richard23 dari Front 242.<ref>{{cite web|author=Jeffries, David|title=Revolting Cocks — Biography|url=http://www.allmusic.com/artist/revolting-cocks-mn0000888100/biography|work=Allmusic|publisher=All Media Network|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170729194242/http://www.allmusic.com/artist/revolting-cocks-mn0000888100/biography|archive-date=29 July 2017|access-date=9 September 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>
Band Jerman KMFDM adalah grup metal industri mani lainnya. Meskipun bukan penggemar metal, "kegilaan dengan ripping off metal licks" pemimpin KMFDM Sascha Konietzko berasal dari eksperimennya dengan sampler Emax milik E-mu pada akhir 1986. Dia mengatakan kepada Guitar World bahwa,{{sfn|Di Perna A|1995|p=69}}
{{quote|Sangat menarik untuk menggunakannya sebagai semacam penguatan [[white noise]] untuk musik kami. Tiba-tiba [[Heavy metal music|heavy metal]] bebas dari semua [[tempo]] perubahan dan sikap membosankan yang selalu ada. Apa yang paling saya benci dari heavy metal adalah bahwa riff terbaik hanya datang sekali dan tidak pernah diulang. Jadi daya tariknya, sebenarnya, adalah untuk mencicipi riff yang bagus, [[Music loop|loop]], dan memainkannya berulang-ulang.}}
Trio Swiss, The Young Gods, menerapkan gaya tersebut di album kedua mereka, L'Eau Rouge (1989). Sebelum dirilis, penyanyi Franz Treichler menyatakan:{{sfn|Reynolds|1988|p=28}}
{{quote|Kami hanya ingin mendengar gitar. Kami melewatkan serangan '[[Utusan!|Utusan]]'. Itulah yang ingin kami dengar sekarang, kekuatan murni. Suara metal yang bukan revivalis, bukan gaya biker, gaya [[speed metal]], gaya ''apa saja'', hanya WHAP!}}Band thrash metal Kanada Malhavoc menjadi salah satu aksi awal genre ini ketika mereka mulai memadukan extreme metal dengan musik industrial di akhir 1980-an.<ref>{{cite web|date=23 March 2007|title=Malhavoc Is Back|url=https://www.blabbermouth.net/news/malhavoc-is-back/|website=[[Blabbermouth.net]]|access-date=25 December 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Rivadavia|first1=Eduardo|title=Malhavoc|url=https://www.allmusic.com/artist/malhavoc-mn0000563159/biography|website=[[AllMusic]]|access-date=25 December 2020}}</ref>
Pigface, dibentuk oleh Martin Atkins dan termasuk drummer Ministry Bill Rieflin, muncul sebagai semacam kolektif industrial metal, berpartisipasi dengan banyak tokoh dari noise rock dan dunia industri.<ref name="Pigface Allmusic">{{Cite web|last1=Prato|first1=Greg|last2=Erlewine|first2=Stephen Thomas|title=Pigface — Biography|url={{AllMusic|class=artist|id=pigface-mn0000340462/biography|pure_url=yes}}|website=AllMusic|publisher=All Media Network|access-date=9 September 2017|author-link2=Stephen Thomas Erlewine}}</ref> Nine Inch Nails, "one-man-band" yang dibentuk oleh Trent Reznor, membawa genre ini ke khalayak arus utama dengan album-album seperti Broken<ref name="ningrammy">{{Cite web|title=Winners: Best Metal Performance|url=https://www.grammy.com/grammys/awards/winners-nominees/214|website=grammy.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070312025815/http://www.grammy.com/GRAMMY_Awards/Winners/Results.aspx?title=&winner=nine%20inch%20nails&year=0&genreID=0&hp=1|archive-date=12 March 2007|access-date=9 September 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref> pemenang Grammy dan The Downward Spiral terlaris, disertai dengan penampilan inovatif mereka di Woodstock '94 . Subkultur rivethead juga berkembang saat ini,<ref>{{cite web|title=Re-Constriction|url=http://www.re-constriction.com|publisher=Cargoland!|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930021047/http://www.re-constriction.com/|archive-date=30 September 2007|access-date=11 September 2007|url-status=dead}}</ref> bersama dengan apa yang disebut subgenre "gelombang dingin", yang mencakup Chemlab, 16 Volt, dan Acumen Nation.<ref>Ilker Yücel, interview with Jared Louche, ReGen Magazine, 20 January 2008. {{cite web|title=Archived copy|url=http://www.regenmag.com/Interviews-214-Chemlab.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080509070142/http://www.regenmag.com/Interviews-214-Chemlab.html|archive-date=9 May 2008|access-date=9 February 2016|url-status=dead}} Access date: 28 December 2008.</ref> Beberapa kelompok elektro-industri mengadopsi teknik industri logam pada periode ini, termasuk Skinny Puppy (pada Rabies mereka, diproduksi bersama oleh Jourgensen),<ref name="Allmusic Rabies2">{{Cite web|last=DiGravina|first=Tim|title=Rabies — Overview|url=http://www.allmusic.com/album/rabies-mw0000654322|website=Allmusic|publisher=All Media Network|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170829042637/http://www.allmusic.com/album/rabies-mw0000654322|archive-date=29 August 2017|access-date=9 September 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> dan Front Line Assembly.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Semczuk|first=Karine|date=31 October 1998|title=Front Line Assembly – Bill Leeb – An Interview|url=http://www.lastsigh.com/interviews99/fla98.htm|publisher=Last Sigh Magazine|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010710184010/http://www.lastsigh.com/interviews99/fla98.htm|archive-date=10 July 2001|access-date=9 September 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref>
Band Inggris Pitchshifter, dibentuk pada tahun 1989 oleh saudara Jon dan Mark Clayden, juga dimulai sebagai band industrial metal.<ref>{{cite web|title=Archived copy|url=http://www.musicmight.com/artist/united+kingdom/nottinghamshire/nottingham/pitchshifter|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203005613/http://www.musicmight.com/artist/united+kingdom/nottinghamshire/nottingham/pitchshifter|archive-date=3 December 2013|access-date=18 December 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> Band ini kemudian memasukkan elemen drum dan bass.<ref>{{cite web|last=Swihart|first=Stanton|title=Pitchshifter — Biography|url=http://www.allmusic.com/artist/pitchshifter-mn0000851240/biography|website=allmusic|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170909192725/http://www.allmusic.com/artist/pitchshifter-mn0000851240/biography|archive-date=9 September 2017|access-date=9 September 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> Vokalis JS menyebutkan:<ref name="psi">{{cite magazine|last=Young|first=Craig|title=earpollution profiles – pitchshifter [page 2]|volume=1|url=http://www.earpollution.com/issuezero/profiles/pitchshifter2.html|magazine=Earpollution|access-date=9 September 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170909190438/http://www.earpollution.com/issuezero/profiles/pitchshifter2.html|archive-date=9 September 2017}}</ref>
{{quote|[...] Pada hari-hari awal kami terinspirasi oleh band-band seperti [[Head of David]] dan [[Swans (band)|Swans]] dan sejenisnya... keluar dari punk menjadi aneh, marah, total kebisingan, jenis musik pra-industri. Itu disebut industri tetapi saya tidak tahu apakah itu benar-benar.}}
=== Industrial thrash dan death metal ===
Popularitas industrial metal membuat sejumlah grup [[thrash metal]] yang sukses, termasuk [[Megadeth]], [[Sepultura]], dan [[Anthrax (grup musik)|Anthrax]], meminta remix oleh seniman "industrial".{{sfn|Arnopp A|1993|p=41}} Beberapa musisi yang muncul dari kancah [[death metal]], seperti [[Fear Factory]], [[Nailbomb]], [[Autokrator (grup musik)|Autokrator]] dan [[Meathook Seed]], juga mulai bereksperimen dengan industri. Fear Factory, dari Los Angeles,<ref name="AM FF">{{Cite web|last=Huey|first=Steve|title=Fear Factory — Biography|url=http://www.allmusic.com/artist/fear-factory-mn0000167320/biography|website=AllMusic|publisher=All Media Network|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160107051807/http://www.allmusic.com/artist/fear-factory-mn0000167320/biography|archive-date=7 January 2016|access-date=15 September 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> pada awalnya dipengaruhi oleh daftar [[Earache Records|Earache]] (yaitu [[Godflesh]], [[Napalm Death]] dan [[Bolt Thrower]]).<ref>{{cite AV media|title=Fear Factory: Digital Connectivity|date=18 December 2001|people=Cordero, Amber (director)|publisher=Roadrunner Records|location=United States of America|medium=motion picture}}</ref> Grup musik Jerman [[Oomph!]] setelah album kedua mereka [[Sperm (album)|Sperm]] mulai memainkan industrial metal yang dipadukan dengan elemen [[death metal]] dan [[groove metal]] hingga album [[Plastik (album)|Plastik]]. [[Nailbomb]] penyanyi Sepultura [[Max Cavalera]], sebuah kolaborasi dengan Alex Newport, juga mempraktikkan kombinasi teknik produksi metal ekstrim dan industrial.<ref>{{cite web|author=Jeff Maki|year=2007|title=Revisited – Nailbomb – Point Blank|url=http://www.live-metal.net/revisited_nailbomb.html|work=Live-Metal.net|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081225084617/http://www.live-metal.net/revisited_nailbomb.html|archive-date=25 December 2008|access-date=13 September 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref> Contoh death metal industri yang kurang dikenal adalah Meathook Seed, terdiri dari anggota Napalm Death dan grup death metal Florida [[Obituary]]. Seorang penggemar musik industri, gitaris Obituary Trevor Peres menyarankan [[mesin drum]] untuk ''[[The End Complete]]'',{{sfn|Arnopp B|1993|p=44}} album Obituary yang paling sukses.<ref>{{cite web|date=17 November 2003|title=It's Official: CANNIBAL CORPSE Are The Top-Selling Death Metal Band Of The SoundScan Era|url=http://www.roadrunnerrecords.com/blabbermouth.net/news.aspx?mode=Article&newsitemID=16769|publisher=BLABBERMOUTH.NET|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080602230201/http://www.roadrunnerrecords.com/blabbermouth.net/news.aspx?mode=Article&newsitemID=16769|archive-date=2 June 2008|access-date=13 September 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref> Penolakan anggota band lainnya membawanya untuk membentuk [[Meathook Seed]].{{sfn|Arnopp B|1993|p=44}}
=== Industrial black metal ===
Pada tahun-tahun awal abad ke-21, kelompok-kelompok dari kancah [[black metal]] mulai memasukkan unsur-unsur musik industri. [[Mysticum]], dibentuk pada tahun 1991,<ref>Marty Rytkonen, Mysticum interview, ''Worm Gear'' No. 8, {{cite web|title=Archived copy|url=http://www.fmp666.com/moonlight/mysticum2.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924014037/http://www.fmp666.com/moonlight/mysticum2.html|archive-date=24 September 2015|access-date=18 December 2014|url-status=live}} Access date: 11 January 2009.</ref> adalah yang pertama dari kelompok ini.<ref name="lom">Roel F., Interview with Treachery, ''Lords of Metal'' issue 87, December 2008. [http://www.lordsofmetal.nl/showinterview.php?id=2438&lang=en] Access date: 3 December 2008.</ref> [[Dødheimsgard|DHG]] (Dødheimsgard), [[Thorns]] dari Norwegia dan [[Blut Aus Nord]], N.K.V.D. dan [[Blacklodge]] dari Prancis, telah diakui karena penggabungan elemen-elemen industrial.<ref>Chris Dick, "Blut Aus Nord", ''Decibel'', December 2006. {{cite web|title=Archived copy|url=http://www.decibelmagazine.com/upfront/dec2006/blutausnord.aspx|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070205141318/http://www.decibelmagazine.com/upfront/dec2006/blutausnord.aspx|archive-date=5 February 2007|access-date=9 February 2016|url-status=dead}} Access date: 22 July 2008.</ref> Musisi black metal industri lainnya termasuk [[Samael]],<ref>Samael, metal-archives.com, 3 September 2011. {{cite web|title=Archived copy|url=http://www.metal-archives.com/bands/Samael/31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160725053714/http://www.metal-archives.com/bands/Samael/31|archive-date=25 July 2016|access-date=30 July 2016|url-status=live}} Access date: 10 September 2011.</ref> [[The Axis of Perdition]],<ref>Matt Mooring, Deleted Scenes from the Transition Hospital review, Metalreview.com, 28 March 2005. {{cite web|title=Archived copy|url=http://www.metalreview.com/Reviews/1561/The-Axis-Of-Perdition-Deleted-Scenes-From-The-Transition-Hospital.aspx|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120227105037/http://www.metalreview.com/Reviews/1561/The-Axis-Of-Perdition-Deleted-Scenes-From-The-Transition-Hospital.aspx|archive-date=27 February 2012|access-date=25 January 2010|url-status=dead}} Access date: 4 January 2009.</ref> [[Aborym]],<ref>Gothtronic. {{cite web|title=Archived copy|url=http://www.gothtronic.com/?page=23&band=777|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100207214210/http://gothtronic.com/?page=23&band=777|archive-date=7 February 2010|access-date=25 January 2010|url-status=live}} Access date: 4 January 2009.</ref> dan [[...And Oceans]].<ref>''Globaldomination'', 26 September 2007. {{cite web|title=Archived copy|url=http://www.globaldomination.se/reviews/and-oceans-amgod|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091111013457/http://www.globaldomination.se/reviews/and-oceans-amgod|archive-date=11 November 2009|access-date=25 January 2010|url-status=dead}} Access date: 4 January 2009.</ref> Selain itu, [[The Kovenant]],<ref>Antti J. Ravelin, Nexus Polaris review, Allmusic. Access date: 11 January 2009.</ref> [[Mortiis]] dan [[Ulver]] muncul dari kancah black metal Norwegia, tetapi kemudian memilih untuk bereksperimen dengan musik industrial.<ref>Stefanos Zachariadis, Blood Inside review, Metal Invader, 3 May 2005. {{cite web|title=Archived copy|url=http://www.metal-invader.com/db/reviews-1914.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927230459/http://www.metal-invader.com/db/reviews-1914.html|archive-date=27 September 2007|access-date=18 June 2007|url-status=dead}} Access date: 9 January 2009.</ref><ref>Mark Hensch, Some Kind of Heroin review, ''Thrashpit''. {{cite web|title=Archived copy|url=http://www.rocknworld.com/thrashpit/reviews/07/Mortiis-SomeKindofHeroinMH.shtml|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141218111610/http://www.rocknworld.com/thrashpit/reviews/07/Mortiis-SomeKindofHeroinMH.shtml|archive-date=18 December 2014|access-date=18 December 2014|url-status=live}} Access date: 9 January 2009.</ref>
=== Progresif industrial metal ===
Beberapa artis yang berakar pada musik [[Metal progresif|progresif]], meskipun tidak sering dikaitkan dengan industri metal, juga memasukkan tekstur industri ke dalam musik mereka. [[King Crimson]] era kemudian, yang albumnya tahun 2000-an disebut sebagai "seni industrial metal",<ref>Langdon Hickman, ''A Beginner's Guide to the epic music of King Crimson''. {{cite web|title=Archived copy|url=https://www.treblezine.com/beginners-guide-king-crimson/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190624153819/https://www.treblezine.com/beginners-guide-king-crimson/|archive-date=24 June 2019|access-date=15 September 2019|url-status=live}} Access date: 15 September 2019.</ref> dan OSI dapat disebut sebagai contoh logam industri progresif. Beberapa grup musik yang terkait dengan subgenre metal ekstrim juga menggabungkan progresif dan [[avant-garde metal]] dengan industri, termasuk grup musik eksperimental Hungaria [[Thy Catafalque]],<ref>Thy Catafalque – Geometria Review {{cite web|title=Archived copy|url=https://www.angrymetalguy.com/thy-catafalque-geometria-review/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612134949/http://www.angrymetalguy.com/thy-catafalque-geometria-review/|archive-date=12 June 2018|access-date=15 September 2019|url-status=live}} Access date: 15 September 2019.</ref> [[Blut aus Nord]] dan band Norwegia [[Shining]] dengan album ''[[Blackjazz]]'' mereka yang diakui secara kritis, yang memadukan rock progresif,<ref>{{Cite web|last=Begrand|first=Adrien|date=3 February 2010|title=Blackjazz review|url=http://www.popmatters.com/pm/review/119585-shining-blackjazz/|work=PopMatters|publisher=PopMatters Media|access-date=30 April 2010}}</ref> black metal, [[jazz bebas]] dan industrial.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Freeman|first=Phil|title=Blackjazz review|url={{AllMusic|class=album|id=r1709437|pure_url=yes}}|work=Allmusic|publisher=Rovi Corporation|access-date=30 April 2010}}</ref> Artis Kanada [[Devin Townsend]], pendiri band industrial [[thrash metal]]<ref>{{AllMusic|class=album|id=city-mw0000616904|access-date=22 August 2011}}</ref> [[Strapping Young Lad]], kemudian menggabungkan industrial dengan progressive metal selama karir solonya yang produktif.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ocean Machine: Biomech review|url=http://www.metalstorm.net/pub/review.php?review_id=5211|publisher=MetalStorm}}</ref>
=== Kenaikan komersial ===
{{Main|penjualan dan penghargaan Industrial rock}}
[[File:NIN2009torontoVFEST.png|pra=https://en.wiki-indonesia.club/wiki/File:NIN2009torontoVFEST.png|jmpl|300x300px|[[Nine Inch Nails]] dalam konser, 2009]]
Industrial metal berkembang pada awal 1990-an, khususnya di Amerika Utara,{{sfn|Wiederhorn|1994|p=64}} di mana pada akhirnya akan terjual hampir 35 juta unit.<ref>{{cite web|title=Search Certification Database|url=http://www.cria.ca/cert_db_search.php|publisher=Canadian Recording Industry Association (CRIA)|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100501065534/http://www.cria.ca/cert_db_search.php|archive-date=1 May 2010|access-date=27 June 2008|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="riaa">{{cite web|title=GOLD AND PLATINUM – Searchable Database|url=https://www.riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?table=SEARCH|publisher=RIAA|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070626050454/http://www.riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?table=SEARCH|archive-date=26 June 2007|access-date=12 December 2007|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ini pertama kali menjadi kekuatan komersial pada tahun 1992 ketika Nine Inch Nails' ''[[Broken (EP)|Broken]]'' dan Ministry's ''[[Psalm 69]]'' meraih [[Sertifikasi rekaman musik|platinum]] di Amerika, meskipun yang terakhir membutuhkan waktu tiga tahun untuk mencapai status itu.<ref name="riaa" /> Kedua grup dinominasikan untuk [[Best Metal Performance]] di [[Penghargaan Grammy|Grammy Awards]] 1992, dengan Nine Inch Nails menang.<ref name="ningrammy" /> Dua tahun kemudian, Nine Inch Nails merilis ''[[The Downward Spiral]]'', yang memulai debutnya di No. 2,<ref>{{cite web|title=Top Music Charts – Hot 100 – Billboard 200 – Music Genre Sales|url=http://www.billboard.com/charts/1994-03-26/billboard-200|publisher=Billboard charts|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130508150323/http://www.billboard.com/charts/1994-03-26/billboard-200|archive-date=8 May 2013|access-date=5 January 2008|url-status=live}}</ref> dan akhirnya menjadi quadruple-platinum.<ref name="riaa" /> Rekor ini dianggap oleh ''[[AllMusic]]'' sebagai "salah satu album multi-platinum paling suram yang pernah ada".<ref name="allnin">{{cite web|author=Huey, Steve|title=(((Nine Inch Nails > Biography)))|url={{AllMusic|class=artist|id=p5033|pure_url=yes}}|website=allmusic|access-date=9 January 2009}}</ref>
{{Quote|text=Secara keseluruhan, musik heavy rock populer telah berubah menjadi lebih "industrialisasi". Ini merampas harapan gerakan hardcore industri untuk membangun identitas barunya sendiri. Gayanya sudah mati (atau setidaknya sekarat); elemen gaya berlanjut dalam pengaturan musik baru.|source=David A. Locher, Profesor Sosiologi, [[Missouri State University]], 1998<ref>{{cite book|editor=Jonathan S. Epstein|author=David A. Locher|chapter=The Industrial Identity Crisis: The Failure of a Newly Forming Subculture to Identify Itself|title=Youth Culture: Identity in a Postmodern World|chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/youthcultureiden00epst/page/100|chapter-url-access=registration|publisher=Wiley-Blackwell Publishers|year=1998|pages=[https://archive.org/details/youthcultureiden00epst/page/100 100–117]|isbn=1-55786-851-4|via=the Internet Archive}}</ref>{{rp|115}}}}
[[File:Rammstein_Live_at_Madison_Square_Garden.jpg|pra=https://en.wiki-indonesia.club/wiki/File:Rammstein_Live_at_Madison_Square_Garden.jpg|jmpl|300x300px|[[Rammstein]] Live di Madison Square Garden.]]
Mengikuti kesuksesan Nine Inch Nails, [[Marilyn Manson (band)|Marilyn Manson]], yang dipimpin oleh anak didik Reznor,<ref>Staff. (10 May 2000) [http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1431688/20000510/marilyn_manson.jhtml Manson, Reznor mend fences] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081001122313/http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1431688/20000510/marilyn_manson.jhtml|date=1 October 2008}} MTV. Retrieved 1 March 2009.</ref> menjadi terkenal.<ref name="Stephen Thomas Erlewine">{{cite web|author=Stephen Thomas Erlewine|title=''Antichrist Superstar'' review|url=http://www.allmusic.com/album/antichrist-superstar-mw0000188724|website=Allmusic|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160525142511/http://www.allmusic.com/album/antichrist-superstar-mw0000188724|archive-date=25 May 2016|access-date=1 March 2009|url-status=live}}</ref> Penampilan live grup dan daya tarik transgresifnya sering kali lebih banyak dikomentari daripada musik mereka.<ref>{{cite web|author=Jason Ankeny|title=Marilyn Manson — Biography|url=http://www.allmusic.com/artist/marilyn-manson-mn0000825251/biography|website=Allmusic|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150426172735/http://www.allmusic.com/artist/marilyn-manson-mn0000825251/biography|archive-date=26 April 2015|access-date=1 March 2009|url-status=live}}</ref>
Industrial metal mencapai puncak komersialnya pada paruh kedua tahun 1990-an – menurut database [[Asosiasi Industri Rekaman Amerika Serikat|RIAA]], artis terlarisnya terjual sekitar 17,5 juta unit jika digabungkan.<ref name="riaa" /><ref name="indgroups">Groups such as Fear Factory, [[Filter (band)|Filter]], [[Marilyn Manson (band)|Marilyn Manson]], Ministry, Nine Inch Nails, [[Orgy (band)|Orgy]], [[Rammstein]], [[Stabbing Westward]], [[Static-X]] and [[White Zombie (band)|White Zombie]], plus [[Rob Zombie]]'s solo career.</ref> Rekaman oleh seniman metal industri besar secara rutin memulai debutnya di posisi teratas tangga lagu [[Billboard 200|''Billboard'' 200]]: ''[[Hellbilly Deluxe]]'' dari [[Rob Zombie]] (No. 5),<ref>{{cite web|title=Top Music Charts – Hot 100 – Billboard 200 – Music Genre Sales|url=http://www.billboard.com/charts/1998-09-12/billboard-200|publisher=Billboard Music Charts|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130508160520/http://www.billboard.com/charts/1998-09-12/billboard-200|archive-date=8 May 2013|access-date=2 January 2008|url-status=live}}</ref> ''[[Antichrist Superstar]]'' dari Marilyn Manson (No. 3),<ref>[{{Allmusic|class=album|id=antichrist-superstar-r241643/charts-awards|pure_url=yes}} Antichrist Superstar Allmusic Billboard charts & awards]. Allmusic.com. Retrieved 30 November 2010.</ref> dan ''[[The Fragile]]'' (No. 1)<ref>{{cite web|title=Top Music Charts – Hot 100 – Billboard 200 – Music Genre Sales|url=http://www.billboard.com/charts/1999-10-09/billboard-200|publisher=Billboard Music Charts|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130508141952/http://www.billboard.com/charts/1999-10-09/billboard-200|archive-date=8 May 2013|access-date=2 January 2008|url-status=live}}</ref> dari Nine Inch Nails' . Sejumlah album industrial metal tampil baik di chart ''[[Top Heatseekers|Heatseekers]]'' Billboard: [[Filter (grup musik)|Filter]] ''[[Short Bus]]'' (No. 3),<ref>{{cite web|title=Top Music Charts – Hot 100 – Billboard 200 – Music Genre Sales|url=http://www.billboard.com/bbcom/esearch/chart_display.jsp?cfi=294&cfgn=Albums&cfn=Heatseekers&ci=3020133&cdi=6938407&cid=05%2F13%2F1995|publisher=Billboard Music Charts|access-date=5 January 2008}}{{Dead link|date=June 2021|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref> ''[[Wither Blister Burn + Peel]]'' milik [[Stabbing Westward]] (No. 1),<ref>{{cite web|title=Top Music Charts – Hot 100 – Billboard 200 – Music Genre Sales|url=http://www.billboard.com/bbcom/esearch/chart_display.jsp?cfi=294&cfgn=Albums&cfn=Heatseekers&ci=3022498&cdi=7026482&cid=02%2F10%2F1996|publisher=Billboard Music Charts|access-date=5 January 2008}}{{Dead link|date=June 2021|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref> ''[[Sehnsucht]]'' milik [[Rammstein]] (No. 2),<ref>{{cite web|title=Top Music Charts – Hot 100 – Billboard 200 – Music Genre Sales|url=http://www.billboard.com/bbcom/esearch/chart_display.jsp?cfi=294&cfgn=Albums&cfn=Heatseekers&ci=3030569&cdi=7317884&cid=05%2F02%2F1998|publisher=Billboard Music Charts|access-date=5 January 2008}}{{Dead link|date=June 2021|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref> [[Orgy]] ''[[Candyass]]'' (No. 1),<ref>{{cite web|title=Top Music Charts – Hot 100 – Billboard 200 – Music Genre Sales|url=http://www.billboard.com/bbcom/esearch/chart_display.jsp?cfi=294&cfgn=Albums&cfn=Heatseekers&ci=3031649&cdi=7355790&cid=09%2F05%2F1998|publisher=Billboard Music Charts|access-date=5 January 2008}}{{Dead link|date=June 2021|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref> dan ''[[Wisconsin Death Trip]]'' [[Static-X]] (No. 1).<ref>{{cite web|title=Top Music Charts – Hot 100 – Billboard 200 – Music Genre Sales|url=http://www.billboard.com/bbcom/esearch/chart_display.jsp?cfi=294&cfgn=Albums&cfn=Heatseekers&ci=3035445&cdi=7492857&cid=09%2F25%2F1999|publisher=Billboard Music Charts|access-date=5 January 2008}}{{Dead link|date=June 2021|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref>
Selama era ini, [[Trent Reznor]] dipilih oleh ''[[Time]]'' sebagai salah satu orang Amerika paling berpengaruh pada tahun 1997.<ref>{{cite news|date=21 April 1997|title=Time's 25 most influential americans|url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,986206,00.html|work=TIME|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080107103639/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,986206,00.html|archive-date=7 January 2008|access-date=14 December 2007|url-status=dead}}</ref> Popularitas genre ini sedemikian rupa sehingga grup [[glam metal]] yang mapan, termasuk [[Guns N' Roses]] dan [[Mötley Crüe]], mulai mencoba-coba gaya ini.<ref>New GNR.com [http://www.newgnr.com/band/finck.html] Access date: 4 August 2008.</ref><ref>Dave De Sylvia, ''Generation Swine'' review, [http://www.sputnikmusic.com/album.php?albumid=2790] Access date: 4 August 2008.</ref> Tokoh-tokoh dari kancah [[Musik hip hop|hip hop]] juga mulai mencari kolaborasi dan remix dari musisi industrial metal.<ref>{{cite web|date=15 January 1998|title=Puffy Remixed By Reznor, Deftones, Mascis|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1427395/19980115/puff_daddy.jhtml|publisher=MTV|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081222051737/http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1427395/19980115/puff_daddy.jhtml|archive-date=22 December 2008|access-date=21 October 2007|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>Nin Chan, ''Rap Reviews'', 25 January 2005 {{cite web|title=Ice :: Bad Blood :: In Bloom/Reprise|url=http://www.rapreviews.com/archive/BTTL_badblood.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120819175039/http://www.rapreviews.com/archive/BTTL_badblood.html|archive-date=19 August 2012|access-date=20 August 2012|url-status=live}} Access date: 22 July 2008</ref><ref>Dave Maher, Pitchforkmedia news, 16 February 2007 {{cite web|title=Archived copy|url=http://www.pitchforkmedia.com/article/news/41220-el-p-reveals-lp-tracklist-single-with-trent-reznor|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090228121305/http://www.pitchforkmedia.com/article/news/41220-el-p-reveals-lp-tracklist-single-with-trent-reznor|archive-date=28 February 2009|access-date=9 February 2016|url-status=dead}} Access date: 22 July 2008</ref>
Ketika industrial metal naik ke tangga lagu pada akhir 1990-an, popularitasnya yang tiba-tiba disambut dengan reaksi negatif dari para inovator awal [[Industrial|musik industrial]]. [[Peter Christopherson]] mengatakan kepada ''[[The Wire]]'' bahwa dia tidak lagi merasakan kekerabatan dengan dunia industri: "ini bukan saya, ini bukan tentang saya".<ref>{{cite web|author=Keenan, David|date=21 July 1998|title=Time Out of Joint|url=http://www.thewire.co.uk/web/unpublished/coil.html|publisher=THE WIRE – ADVENTURES IN MODERN MUSIC|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927200608/http://www.thewire.co.uk/web/unpublished/coil.html|archive-date=27 September 2007|access-date=8 September 2007|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Lustmord]], seorang musisi industrial awal terkemuka,<ref>John Bush, Lustmord, Allmusic bio. Access date: 21 February 2009.</ref> menyatakan bahwa "Kementerian tidak menarik [dia]" dan "[dia] tidak punya waktu untuk semua omong kosong [[rock and roll]] yang mereka lakukan sekarang.{{sfn|Fergunson|1993|p=55}}" Vokalis [[Skinny Puppy]] [[Nivek Ogre]] menolak Nine Inch Nails sebagai "[[cock rock]]"<ref>{{cite web|date=17 April 2010|title=Memory Lane: Skinny Puppy|url=https://reinspired.wordpress.com/2010/04/17/memory-lane-skinny-puppy/|website=wordpress.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171013225544/https://reinspired.wordpress.com/2010/04/17/memory-lane-skinny-puppy/|archive-date=13 October 2017|access-date=2 May 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> tetapi sejak itu memperbaiki segalanya dan bahkan tampil di atas panggung bersama.<ref>{{cite web|title=Skinny Puppy – NinWiki|url=http://www.ninwiki.com/Skinny_Puppy|website=www.ninwiki.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141011204702/http://www.ninwiki.com/Skinny_Puppy|archive-date=11 October 2014|access-date=2 May 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>
Industrial metal mengalami reaksi kritis pada pergantian milenium. Dalam ulasan April 2000 untuk ''[[Chicago Sun-Times|Chicago Sun Times]]'', [[Jim DeRogatis]] menolak musik baru Nine Inch Nails sebagai "merek generik industri thrash" dan menuduh Ministry mengulangi tindakan yang "sudah tua pada 1992".<ref name="jdr2000">{{cite web|author=DeRogatis, Jim|date=April 2000|title=Nine Inch Nails stuck in the '90s|url=http://www.theninhotline.net/archives/articles/xrevw131.shtml|work=Chicago Sun Times|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930154709/http://www.theninhotline.net/archives/articles/xrevw131.shtml|archive-date=30 September 2007|access-date=24 August 2007|url-status=dead}} Archived at [http://www.theninhotline.net The NIN Hotline] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080516050555/http://www.theninhotline.net/|date=16 May 2008}}.</ref> Meskipun The Fragile mencapai posisi teratas ''Billboard'' 200<ref>{{cite web|title=Top Music Charts – Hot 100 – Billboard 200 – Music Genre Sales|url=http://www.billboard.com/charts/1999-10-09/billboard-200|publisher=Billboard charts|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130508141952/http://www.billboard.com/charts/1999-10-09/billboard-200|archive-date=8 May 2013|access-date=9 May 2008|url-status=live}}</ref> dan terus mendapatkan status [[Sertifikasi rekaman musik|platinum ganda]],<ref name="riaa" /> DeRogatis tetap menganggapnya sebagai "gagal".<ref name="jdr2000" /> Sekitar waktu ini, seniman industrial metal veteran (Ministry,{{sfn|Pettigrew|1996|p=46}} Godflesh,{{sfn|Martin|2004|p=25}} dan [[White Zombie|White Zombie{{sfn|Di Perna B|1995|p=35}}]]) mulai menolak label industrial. Penjualan tetap tinggi sepanjang 2000–2005; setidaknya 10 juta rekaman terjual selama jangka waktu tersebut.<ref name="riaa" /><ref name="indgroups" /> Banyak grup mulai mengambil pengaruh dari musik hip hop dan [[Musik elektronik|elektronik]], selain industri metal. Akibatnya, tindakan seperti [[Powerman 5000]] sering digambarkan sebagai industrial metal serta [[nu metal]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Mehle|first=Michael|date=25 April 1997|title=Industrial Strength Powerman 5000'S 'Action Rockers' Keep the Message Light In A Cacophony of Power Chords|work=[[Rocky Mountain News]]|page=20D|quote=Powerman 5000 can be called a lot of things ... industrial metal ... with a bit of hip-hop, a touch of funk and an awful lot of energy....}}{{Subscription required|via=HighBeam}}</ref>
== Film dan video ==
Beberapa grup industri metal telah menghasilkan video yang menarik. Ini termasuk kolaborasi Godflesh dengan [[Andres Serrano]],<ref>Jay W. Babcock, "In Godflesh We Trust", RIP Magazine, December 2006. {{cite web|title=In Godflesh We Trust|url=http://www.godflesh.com/articles/article5.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120628102221/http://www.godflesh.com/articles/article5.html|archive-date=28 June 2012|access-date=24 March 2013|url-status=live}} Access date: 4 January 2009.</ref> grafis [[Aidan Hughes]] untuk KMFDM,<ref>Aidan Hughes, Interview by Liberation Iannillo, ''Trigger Magazine'', 5 August 2005. {{cite web|title=Archived copy|url=http://www.triggermagazine.com/archives/2005/08/aidan_hughes.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080821120122/http://www.triggermagazine.com/archives/2005/08/aidan_hughes.html|archive-date=21 August 2008|access-date=24 March 2013|url-status=live}} Access date: 4 January 2009.</ref> karya Nine Inch Nails dengan [[Mark Romanek]],<ref>Ed Gonzalez, ''Slant Magazine'', 5 September 2005. {{cite web|title=Archived copy|url=http://www.slantmagazine.com/dvd/dvd_review.asp?ID=746|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090904062438/http://www.slantmagazine.com/dvd/dvd_review.asp?ID=746|archive-date=4 September 2009|access-date=24 March 2013|url-status=dead}} Access date: 4 January 2009.</ref> karya visual [[Rob Zombie]] untuk White Zombie (di mana ia menerima [[Penghargaan Video Musik MTV|MTV Video Music Award]] untuk Video Hard Rock Terbaik),<ref name="jorgl">Stephen Jorgl, "Rob Zombie on Making Films and Records", ''Audiohead.net'', 2006. {{cite web|title=Audiohead.net – Interviews – Rob Zombie – Page 1|url=http://www.audiohead.net/interviews/robzombie/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130725090705/http://www.audiohead.net/interviews/robzombie/|archive-date=25 July 2013|access-date=24 March 2013|url-status=live}} Access date: 4 January 2009.</ref> dan karya Marilyn Manson keluaran dengan [[Richard Kern]]<ref>Kurt B. Reighley, ''Marilyn Manson'', chapter 6, Macmillan, 1998, p. 73.</ref> dan [[Floria Sigismondi]].<ref>Mark Dillon, "Gothic Goddess", ''American Cinematographer'', August 1998, p. 60-70. {{cite web|title=Archived copy|url=http://www.floriasigismondi.com/reviews/review00.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041209135432/http://www.floriasigismondi.com/reviews/review00.html|archive-date=9 December 2004|access-date=4 January 2009|url-status=dead}} Access date: 4 January 2009.</ref> NIN kemudian berkolaborasi dengan [[Bill Viola]] untuk pengiring langsung.<ref>Bill Viola artist biography. {{cite web|title=Biography|url=http://www.billviola.com/biograph.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141208013450/http://www.billviola.com/biograph.htm|archive-date=8 December 2014|access-date=18 December 2014|url-status=live}} Access date: 4 January 2009.</ref> Trent Reznor juga memproduseri soundtrack untuk film ''[[Natural Born Killers]]'' dan ''[[Lost Highway (film)|Lost Highway]]'', dan menjabat sebagai "konsultan musik" untuk ''[[Man on Fire]]''.<ref>David Browne, "'Killer' Riffs," ''Entertainment Weekly'', 23 September 1994. {{cite web|title=Archived copy|url=http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,303796,00.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090421103818/http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,303796,00.html|archive-date=21 April 2009|access-date=10 January 2009|url-status=live}} Access date: 10 January 2009.</ref><ref>"Death to Hootie!: Trent Reznor Makes a Case for Danger," ''Rolling Stone'', 6 March 1997.</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Man on Fire (2004) – Full cast and crew|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0328107/fullcredits|publisher=Imdb.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090401021048/http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0328107/fullcredits|archive-date=1 April 2009|access-date=27 October 2008|url-status=live}}</ref> Rob Zombie telah menyutradarai tiga film.<ref name="jorgl" /> Pada tahun 2009, Marilyn Manson sedang dalam proses mengarahkan ''[[Phantasmagoria: The Visions of Lewis Carroll]]''. Film ini sejak mendekam di [[development hell]].<ref>Wax, Alyse. ''Marilyn Manson Freaks Us Out at the Scream Awards'', FEARnet, 20 October 2008 at [http://www.fearnet.com/news/b13425_we_chat_with_marilyn_manson_scream.html FEARnet.com] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081220021040/http://www.fearnet.com/news/b13425_we_chat_with_marilyn_manson_scream.html|date=20 December 2008}}. Last Retrieved 22 October 2008.</ref> Film-film lain yang telah memasukkan kontribusi terkemuka dari seniman industrial metal termasuk ''[[The Crow (film)|The Crow]]'', ''[[Johnny Mnemonic]]'', ''[[Spawn (film)|Spawn]]'', ''[[The Matrix]]'', ''[[Blair Witch (film)|Blair Witch]]'' dan ''[[A.I. Artificial Intelligence]]''.<ref>Charles Aaron, Entertainment Weekly, 1 April 1994. {{cite web|title=The Crow|url=http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,301635,00.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141218111832/http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,301635,00.html|archive-date=18 December 2014|access-date=18 December 2014|url-status=live}} Access date: 10 January 2009.</ref>{{sfn|Collins|2005|p=166}}<ref name="okeefe">Paula O' Keefe, "The History of Marilyn Manson, 1997 Update Part 2 of 2", at [http://www.spookhouse.net/update2.html Spookhouse.net] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091120015819/http://www.spookhouse.net/update2.html|date=20 November 2009}} Access date: 10 January 2009.</ref><ref>Marc Weingarten, Entertainment Weekly, 7 May 1999. {{cite web|title=Archived copy|url=http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,273304,00.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141218115456/http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,273304,00.html|archive-date=18 December 2014|access-date=18 December 2014|url-status=live}} Access date: 9 January 2009.</ref><ref>David Basham, MTV News, 19 April 2001. {{cite web|title=Ministry Get Shot for 'A.I.,' Throw Greatest Fits|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1442976/20010419/ministry.jhtml|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041210130517/http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1442976/20010419/ministry.jhtml|archive-date=10 December 2004|access-date=21 February 2009|url-status=live}} Access date: 9 January 2009.</ref>
== Kontroversi ==
Penekanannya pada tema-tema transgresif telah membuat beberapa kelompok industri metal rentan terhadap serangan dari kaum [[konservatif sosial Amerika]]. Misalnya, Sen. [[Bob Dole]], yang saat itu menjadi ketua Partai Republik, dengan tajam mengkritik [[WarnerMedia|Time Warner]] setelah pertemuan antara [[Michael J. Fuchs]] (kepala Grup Musik Warner), [[William Bennett]], dan [[C. Delores Tucker]], di mana Tucker dan Bennett menuntut agar Fuchs membaca lirik dari "[[Big Man with a Gun]]"<ref>{{cite magazine|author=Larry Leibstein with Thomas Rosenstiel|title=The Right Takes a Media Giant to Political Task|url=http://www.newsweek.com/right-takes-media-giant-political-task-183552|magazine=Newsweek|date=12 June 1995|page=30}}</ref> milik NIN. Setahun kemudian, Bennett, Tucker, dan [[Joseph Lieberman]] meluncurkan kampanye serupa melawan [[MCA Records]] untuk distribusi musik Marilyn Manson.<ref name="blame">{{cite web|title=Google Groups|url=https://groups.google.com/group/alt.music.marilyn-manson/msg/5f8b2fa591032024|website=groups.google.com|access-date=2 May 2018}}</ref> Banyak konsernya dibatalkan oleh pihak berwenang setelah keributan ini.<ref name="okeefe" /> Selain itu, [[Dennis Cooper]] mengutip video Kementerian untuk "[[Just One Fix]]", yang menampilkan cuplikan [[William S. Burroughs]], sebagai contoh awal [[heroin chic]].<ref>{{cite magazine|author-link=Dennis Cooper|last=Cooper|first=Dennis|title=Junkie See, Junkie Do.|magazine=[[Spin (magazine)|Spin]]|date=March 1995|pages=55, 106–107|volume=10|issue=12|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=f7SFGOzAxGQC&pg=PA55|access-date=27 January 2019|via=Google Books}}</ref>: 106–107 Beberapa laporan awal mengklaim bahwa [[Tragedi Columbine|penembak Columbine High School]] [[Eric Harris and Dylan Klebold]] adalah penggemar Marilyn Manson.<ref>Cullen, Dave. [http://www.salon.com/news/feature/1999/09/23/columbine/index.html Inside the Columbine High investigation] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090126133759/http://www.salon.com/news/feature/1999/09/23/columbine/index.html|date=26 January 2009}}. ''Salon News'', 23 September 1999.</ref> Bahkan, mereka lebih memilih KMFDM dan Rammstein.<ref name="cullen">{{cite news|last=Cullen|first=Dave|date=20 April 2004|title=The Depressive and the Psychopath|url=http://www.slate.com/id/2099203/sidebar/2099208/|work=[[Slate magazine|Slate]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080615143737/http://www.slate.com/id/2099203/sidebar/2099208/ <!--Added by H3llBot-->|archive-date=15 June 2008|access-date=24 August 2008}}</ref> [[Asa Coon]], penembak sekolah lainnya, adalah penggemar Manson.<ref>[https://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20071011/ap_on_re_us/school_shooting School Shooting] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071021073827/http://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20071011/ap_on_re_us/school_shooting|date=21 October 2007}}</ref> Manson, mantan jurnalis, menerbitkan tanggapan terperinci atas kontroversi setelah penembakan Columbine dalam sebuah artikel yang diterbitkan di ''[[Rolling Stone]]''. Ini menyimpulkan:<ref>{{cite magazine|author=Marilyn Manson|title=Columbine: Whose Fault Is It?|magazine=Rolling Stone|issue=815|date=24 June 1999|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/culture/news/columbine-whose-fault-is-it-19990624|access-date=10 April 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120721192522/http://www.rollingstone.com/culture/news/columbine-whose-fault-is-it-19990624|archive-date=21 July 2012}}</ref>
{{quote|Saya pikir [[National Rifle Association]] terlalu kuat untuk dihadapi, jadi kebanyakan orang memilih ''[[Doom (1993 video game)|Doom]]'', ''[[The Basketball Diaries (film) |The Basketball Diaries]]'' atau milikmu. Kontroversi semacam ini tidak membantu saya menjual rekaman atau tiket, dan saya tidak menginginkannya. Saya seorang seniman kontroversial, yang berani berpendapat dan repot-repot membuat musik dan video yang menantang ide-ide orang di dunia yang encer dan hampa. Dalam pekerjaan saya, saya memeriksa Amerika tempat kita tinggal, dan saya selalu mencoba untuk menunjukkan kepada orang-orang bahwa iblis yang kita salahkan atas kekejaman kita sebenarnya adalah masing-masing dari kita. [...]}}
Sascha Konietzko melaporkan bahwa KMFDM "sakit dan terkejut" oleh penembakan itu, mengeluarkan pernyataan pada hari berikutnya yang mengatakan:<ref>{{cite AV media|url=http://www1.nrk.no/nett-tv/klipp/418313|title=KMFDM – Sascha Konietzko om skolemassakrene|date=September 2008|people=Konietzko, Sascha (speaker)|publisher=NRK – Norsk Rikskringkasting|location=Oslo, Norway|time=1:51, 4:05|access-date=13 October 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081221015844/http://www1.nrk.no/nett-tv/klipp/418313|archive-date=21 December 2008|format=asf|medium=Streaming audio|url-status=dead}}</ref>
{{quote|Pertama dan terutama, KMFDM ingin menyampaikan simpati yang mendalam dan tulus kepada orang tua, keluarga dan teman-teman dari anak-anak yang terbunuh dan terluka di Littleton. Kami sakit dan terkejut, seperti juga seluruh bangsa, dengan apa yang terjadi di Colorado kemarin.
KMFDM adalah sebuah bentuk seni – bukan partai politik. Sejak awal, musik kami telah menjadi pernyataan menentang perang, penindasan, fasisme, dan kekerasan terhadap orang lain. Sementara beberapa mantan anggota band adalah orang Jerman seperti yang dilaporkan di media, tidak satu pun dari kami yang memaafkan keyakinan Nazi apa pun.}}
Rammstein menyatakan bahwa mereka "tidak memiliki konten liris atau keyakinan politik yang mungkin dapat mempengaruhi perilaku seperti itu".<ref>"KMFDM And Rammstein Speak Out About Columbine," MTV News, 23 April 1999. {{cite web|title=KMFDM and Rammstein Speak Out About Columbine|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1427256/04231999/kmfdm.jhtml|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090409005154/http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1427256/04231999/kmfdm.jhtml|archive-date=9 April 2009|access-date=20 March 2012|url-status=live}} Access date: 27 February 2009.</ref> Rammstein juga kontroversial karena penggunaan citra Nazi, termasuk rekaman yang diambil oleh [[Leni Riefenstahl]] untuk ''[[Olympia (film 1938)|Olympia]]'' dalam video mereka untuk "[[Stripped (lagu)|Stripped]]".<ref name="london2">London Records press release, "Nazis? Hell No!" [http://www.btinternet.com/~rammstein_online/articles_nazis.html] Access date: 27 February 2009. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081227181355/http://www.btinternet.com/~rammstein_online/articles_nazis.html|date=27 December 2008}}</ref> [[Alec Empire]], musisi [[digital hardcore]] Jerman, menyatakan bahwa "[Rammstein] sukses untuk semua alasan yang salah. Saya pikir mereka sama sekali bukan band fasis, tetapi saya pikir di Jerman ada banyak kesalahpahaman dan itulah mengapa mereka menjual rekor dan saya pikir itu berbahaya.<ref>"Atari Teenage Riot's Alec Empire Questions Rammstein's Sincerity." MTV News, 9 November 1998. {{cite web|title=Atari Teenage Riot's Alec Empire Questions Rammstein's Sincerity|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1425050/19981109/story.jhtml|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010904165432/http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1425050/19981109/story.jhtml|archive-date=4 September 2001|access-date=20 March 2012|url-status=live}} Access date: 27 February 2009.</ref>" Menanggapi kontroversi tersebut, Rammstein menyatakan bahwa "Kami bukan Nazi, Neo-Nazi, atau jenis Nazi lainnya. Kami menentang rasisme, kefanatikan, atau jenis diskriminasi lainnya."<ref name="london2" /> Band ini kemudian menciptakan lagu "[[Links 2-3-4]]", yang dirilis pada tahun 2001, yang menanggapi tuduhan Nazi dengan menyindir bahwa mereka berada dalam [[spektrum politik]].{{sfn|Serba|2001|p=B6}}
== Lihat juga ==
* [[Daftar band industrial metal]]
* [[Heavy metal]]
* [[Daftar festival musik industrial]]
* [[Daftar festival heavy metal]]
== Referensi ==
{{
=== Daftar pustaka ===
{{refbegin|3}}
* {{cite magazine|last=Alexander|first=Phil|year=1995|title=Alien Soundtracks!|magazine=Kerrang!|pages=52–53|number=528}}
* {{cite magazine|last=Arnopp|first=Jason|year=1993|title=De-Construction!|magazine=Kerrang!|pages=41|ref={{SfnRef|Arnopp A|1993}}|number=462}}
* {{cite magazine|last=Arnopp|first=Jason|year=1993|title=Industrial Metal: A User's Guide|magazine=Kerrang!|pages=44|ref={{SfnRef|Arnopp B|1993}}|number=462}}
* {{cite magazine|last=Barcinski|first=André|year=1992|title=Máquina Mortífera|magazine=Bizz|number=79|pages=24–29}}
* {{cite book|last=Blush|first=Steven|year=2001|title=[[American Hardcore: A Tribal History]]|location=Los Angeles, CA|publisher=[[Feral House]]|author-link1=Steven Blush}}
* {{cite magazine|last=Chantler|first=Chris|year=2002|title=Splitting Heirs|magazine=Terrorizer|number=96|pages=54–55}}
* {{cite magazine|last=Collins|first=Karen|year=2005|title=Dead Channel Surfing: the Commonalities between Cyberpunk Literature and Industrial Music|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_popular-music_2005-05_24_2/page/165|magazine=Popular Music|volume=24|number=2|pages=165–178}}
* {{cite magazine|last=Di Perna|first=Alan|year=1995|title=Jackhammer of the Gods|magazine=Guitar World|volume=15|number=6|pages=54–59, 61–62, 67, 69, 71|ref={{sfnref|Di Perna A|1995}}}}
* {{cite magazine|last=Di Perna|first=Alan|year=1995|title=White Zombie: Zombies Gave Me Lunch!|magazine=Guitar World|volume=15|number=6|pages=33, 35–26, 38, 40, 46, 170, 172|ref={{Sfnref|Di Perna B|1995}}}}
* {{cite magazine|last=Fergunson|first=Paul|year=1993|title=Terror Against Terror: Lustmord's Dancefloor Coup|magazine=Industrial Nation|number=7|pages=53–57}}
* {{cite magazine|last=Gill|first=Chris|year=1996|title=Swine Before Pearls: Wallowing In the Muck with Ministry's Al Jourgensen|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_guitar-player_1996-03_30_3/page/84|magazine=Guitar Player|volume=30|number=3|pages=84–89}}
* {{cite magazine|last1=Gill|first=C.|last2=Rotondi|first2=J.|year=1996|title=Heady Metal|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_guitar-player_1996-03_30_3/page/74|magazine=Guitar Player|volume=30|number=3|pages=74–82|ref={{sfnref|Gill & Rotondi|1996}}}}
* {{cite magazine|last=Gitter|first=Mike|title=Ministry: Sole Survivors|magazine=Thrasher|date=January 1990|pages=76–77, 100}}
* {{cite magazine|last=Kaye|first=Don|year=1992|title=Flesh Eaters|magazine=Kerrang!|number=388|pages=16–17}}
* {{cite magazine|last=Martin|first=Jim|year=2004|title=Sadness Will Prevail|magazine=Terrorizer!|number=123|pages=24–25}}
* {{cite magazine|author=Mörat|year=1990|title=Flesh for Fantasy|magazine=Kerrang!|number=320|pages=14–15}}
* {{cite book|last=Mudrian|first=Albert|year=2004|title=Choosing Death: the Improbable History of Death Metal and Grindcore|url=https://archive.org/details/choosingdeathimp0000mudr|location=Los Angeles, CA|publisher=Feral House}}
* {{cite magazine|last=Paytress|first=Mark|year=1995|title=Industrial Music|magazine=Record Collector|number=185|pages=92–99}}
* {{cite magazine|last=Pettigrew|first=Jason|year=1991|title=Godflesh: the Power of Positive Paradoxes|magazine=Alternative Press|volume=5|number=36|pages=22–23}}
* {{cite magazine|last=Pettigrew|first=Jason|year=1996|title=Watch Yourself and Watch What You Say|magazine=Alternative Press|number=92|pages=44–51}}
* {{cite magazine|last=Reynolds|first=Simon|date=20 August 1988|title=Detonation Angels|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_melody-maker_1988-08-20_64_34/page/28|magazine=Melody Maker|pages=28–30}}
* {{Cite news|last=Serba|first=John|date=22 July 2001|title=Operatic Vocals, Industrial Rhythms Mix For a Sound Distinctly ... German|work=[[The Grand Rapids Press]]|page=B6}}
* {{cite magazine|last1=Stud|first1=B.|last2=Stud|first2=T|date=20 June 1987|title=Heaven Up Here|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_melody-maker_1987-06-20_62_25/page/26|magazine=Melody Maker|pages=26–27|ref={{sfnref|Stud & Stud|1987}}}}
* {{cite magazine|title=The Ministry of Noise|date=March 1989|magazine=Modern Keyboard|pages=49–50|ref={{sfnref|The Ministry of Noise|1989}}}}
* {{cite book|last=Thompson|first=Dave|year=1994|title=Industrial Revolution|location=Los Angeles, CA|publisher=Cleopatra}}
* {{cite book|last1=Vale|first1=V.|last2=Juno|first2=A.|year=1983|title=[[RE/Search #6-#7: Industrial Culture Handbook]]|location=San Francisco, CA|publisher=RE/SEARCH PUBLICATIONS|ref={{Sfnref|Vale & Juno|1983}}|author-link=V. Vale}}
* {{cite magazine|last=Wiederhorn|first=Jon|year=1994|title=Industrious Metal|magazine=Pulse|number=64|pages=64}}
* {{cite magazine|last=Yates|first=Catherine|year=2001|title=Souls of a New Machine|magazine=Kerrang!|number=871|pages=18–20}}
{{refend}}
== Pranala luar ==
* [http://www.indometalgoth.com/ Indonesia Metal] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121204014824/http://www.indometalgoth.com/ |date=2012-12-04 }}
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