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(23 revisi perantara oleh 4 pengguna tidak ditampilkan)
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{{Short description|Pusat komando gabungan faksi-faksi pemberontak Islamis dalam Perang Saudara Suriah}}
== Tentera Penaklukan (Suriah) ==
{{infobox war faction
Tentara Penaklukan (Arab: جيش الفتح) atau Jaish al-Fatah, disingkat JaF, adalah pusat komando gabungan faksi pemberontak Islam Sunni Suriah yang berpartisipasi dalam Perang Saudara Suriah.
| name = Tentara Penaklukan
| native_name = جيش الفتح
| native_name_lang = ar
| war = [[Perang Saudara Suriah]]
| image = Emblem of the Jaish al-Fatah.svg
| caption =
| active = 24 Maret 2015<ref name=sd25march>{{cite web|url=http://syriadirect.org/rss/1941-syria-direct-news-update-3-25-15|publisher=Syria Direct|access-date=25 March 2015|title=News Update 3-25-15|archive-date=28 March 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150328085848/http://syriadirect.org/rss/1941-syria-direct-news-update-3-25-15|url-status=dead}}</ref> – 27 January 2017{{citation needed|date=December 2018}}
| ideology = [[Islamisme]] [[Sunni]]<ref name=now25march>{{cite news|title=Rebels seek to storm Idlib amid chemical fears|url=https://now.mmedia.me/lb/en/NewsReports/565025-rebels-seek-to-storm-idlib-amid-chemical-fears|date=25 March 2015|publisher=NOW|access-date=27 March 2015|archive-date=2 April 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402205543/https://now.mmedia.me/lb/en/NewsReports/565025-rebels-seek-to-storm-idlib-amid-chemical-fears|url-status=dead}}</ref><br />
| clans = {{plainlist|
*{{flagicon image|Flag of the Al-Nusra Front.svg}} [[Barisan Al-Nusra]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://syriadirect.org/news/hoping-to-break-into-encircled-east-aleppo-rebels-surprise-with-attack-from-southwest/|title=Hoping to break into encircled east Aleppo, rebels surprise with attack from southwest|date=1 August 2016|publisher=Syria Direct|access-date=7 August 2016}}</ref>
*[[Jund al-Aqsa]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://web.stanford.edu/group/mappingmilitants/cgi-bin/groups/view/669/|title=Jund al Aqsa|access-date=7 May 2018|publisher=Standford Mapping Terrorism}}</ref>
*[[Ajnad al-Sham]]
*{{flagicon image|Logo of Ahrar al-Sham.svg|border=}} [[Ahrar al-Sham]]
*[[Gerakan Nour al-Din al-Zenki]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/markito0171/status/779628746357805056 |title=Mark on Twitter: "Harakat Nour al-Din al-Zenki join Jaish al-Fatah in northern |publisher=Twitter.com |date=2016-09-24 |access-date=2017-03-02}}</ref>
*[[Liwa al-Haqq (Idlib)|Liwa al-Haqq]]
*[[Jaysh al-Sunna]]<ref name="returned">{{cite web|url=http://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2016/05/jaysh-al-fath-coalition-launches-new-offensive-in-aleppo-province.php|title=Jaysh al Fath coalition launches new offensive in Aleppo province|website=The Long War Journal}}</ref> (Cabang Hama bergabung dengan [[Ahrar ash-Sham]]){{Citation needed|date=August 2016}}
*[[Brigade Suqour al-Sham]]<ref name="ReferenceA">{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/hxhassan/status/780843540855328769 |title=Hassan Hassan حسن on Twitter: "Zinki and Suqour al-Sham (recently defected from Ahrar al-Sham) join Jaish al-Fateh (which includes Ahrar al-Sham)." |publisher=Twitter.com |date=2016-09-27 |access-date=2017-03-02}}</ref>
*{{flagicon image|Flag of the Turkistan Islamic Party in Syria.svg}} [[Partai Islam Turkistan di Suriah|Partai Islam Turkistan]]<ref>{{Cite web|date=2 May 2016|title=Army of Conquest" returns again and includes the Turkistan Party|url=https://m.arabi21.com/Story/905793|url-status=live|website=Arabi 21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211203181640/https://m.arabi21.com/Story/905793 |archive-date=3 December 2021 }}</ref>
*[[Ajnad al-Kavkaz]]<ref name="exit">{{Cite web|url=http://www.atlanticcouncil.org/blogs/syriasource/the-current-state-and-future-of-caucasian-groups-in-syria |title=North Caucasian Militants May Be Seeking Syria Exit |work=[[Dewan Atlantik]] |author=Neil Hauer |date=19 April 2018 |access-date=13 August 2018}}</ref>
*{{flagicon image|Flag of the Sham Legion.svg}} [[Sham Legion]]
}}
| leaders =
| headquarters = [[Idlib]], [[Suriah]]
| area = [[Suriah]]
| size = 50,000+<ref>[http://www.theweek.co.uk/88045/hayat-tahrir-al-sham-hardliners-take-over-syrias-opposition Hay'at Tahrir al-Sham: Hardliners take over Syria's opposition], ''The Week'', 29 August 2017</ref>{{better source needed|The Week is a news aggregator, but they don't say where they are getting their figure from|date=September 2017}}
| allies = {{plainlist|
*{{flag|Saudi Arabia}}
*{{flag|Qatar}}
*{{flag|Turkey}}
*{{flag|Suriah}}
[[Oposisi Suriah]]
 
[[Tentara Pembebasan Suriah]]
Aliansi ini dibentuk pada Maret 2015 di bawah pengawasan dan koordinasi ulama Saudi Abdullah al-Muhaysini.  Kelompok ini terdiri dari faksi pemberontak Islam yang sebagian besar aktif di Kegubernuran Idlib, dan beberapa faksi aktif di Kegubernuran Hama dan Latakia.  Pada bulan-bulan berikutnya, mereka menguasai sebagian besar Kegubernuran Idlib.
*[[Fatah Halab]]
*[[Junud al-Makhdi]]
*[[Barisan Ansar al-Din]]
*[[Keamiran Kaukasus]]
*Ruang Operasi Pedesaan Homs Utara}}
| opponents = {{plain list|
* {{SYR}}
* {{flagdeco|ISIL}} [[Negara Islam Irak dan Syam]]
* {{RUS}}
* {{flag|Iran}}
* {{flag|United States}}
* {{flagicon image|InfoboxHez.PNG}} [[Hizbullah]]<ref>{{cite news|title=Syrian rebels combat ISIS, Hezbollah in Qalamoun|url=http://aranews.net/2015/05/syrian-rebels-combat-isis-hezbollah-in-qalamoun/|date=15 May 2015|publisher=ARA News|access-date=15 May 2015|archive-date=19 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171019161116/http://aranews.net/2015/05/syrian-rebels-combat-isis-hezbollah-in-qalamoun/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* {{flagicon image|Flag of Syrian Democratic Forces.svg}} [[Pasukan Demokratik Suriah]]
*{{flagdeco|Iraq}} [[Harakat Hizbullah al-Nujaba]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.alghadpress.com/news/%D8%A7%D9%87%D9%85-%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%86-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82/72178/%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AC%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A1-%D8%AA%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%86-%D9%85%D9%82%D8%AA%D9%84-17-%D9%85%D9%86-%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%B4-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D8%AA%D8%AD-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%AD%D9%84%D8%A8-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%88 |title=الغد برس |access-date=22 August 2018 |archive-date=10 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200710201427/https://www.alghadpress.com/news/%D8%A7%D9%87%D9%85-%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%86-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82/72178/%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AC%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A1-%D8%AA%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%86-%D9%85%D9%82%D8%AA%D9%84-17-%D9%85%D9%86-%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%B4-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D8%AA%D8%AD-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%AD%D9%84%D8%A8-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%88 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
*{{flag|Asa'ib Ahl al-Haq}} [[Asa'ib Ahl al-Haq]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.shafaaq.com/ar/Ar_NewsReader/d9930268-8546-4e15-8160-85f43c05d6ba |title="عنصر بعصائب اهل الحق يناشد للافراج عنه من جيش الفتح بحلب" |access-date=22 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180822145949/http://www.shafaaq.com/ar/Ar_NewsReader/d9930268-8546-4e15-8160-85f43c05d6ba |archive-date=22 August 2018 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
}}
| battles = [[Perang Saudara Suriah]]
* [[Serangan Idlib 2015]]<ref name="auto">{{cite web|title=Jihadist coalition captures checkpoints around city of Idlib|url=http://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2015/03/jihadist-coalition-captures-checkpoints-around-city-of-idlib.php|date=27 March 2015|website=Long War Journal}}</ref>
** [[Pertempuran Idlib 2015]]<ref name="auto"/>
* [[Serangan Suriah Barat Laut (April-Juni 2015)]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Al Qaeda and allies form coalition to battle Syrian regime in Idlib|url=http://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2015/03/al-qaeda-and-allies-form-coalition-to-battle-syrian-regime-in-idlib.php|date=24 March 2015|website=Long War Journal}}</ref>
* [[Serangan Qalamoun (Mei-Juni 2015)]]
* [[Serangan Quneitra (Juni 2015)]]
* [[Pemberontakan di Idlib]]
* [[Pertempuran Aleppo (2012–2016)]]
| url = {{ConditionalURL}}
| image_size = 150px
| status =
}}
'''Tentara Penaklukan''' (Arab: {{Lang-ar|جيش الفتح}}) atau '''Jaish al-Fatah''', disingkat '''JaF''', adalah pusat komando gabungan faksi [[Oposisi Suriah|pemberontak Islam Sunni Suriah]] yang berpartisipasi dalam [[Perang Saudara Suriah]].
 
Aliansi ini dibentuk pada Maret 2015 di bawah pengawasan dan koordinasi ulama Saudi Abdullah al-Muhaysini.  Kelompok ini terdiri dari faksi pemberontak Islam yang sebagian besar aktif di Kegubernuran Idlib, dan beberapa faksi aktif di Kegubernuran Hama dan Latakia.<ref name=now25march />  Pada bulan-bulan berikutnya, mereka menguasai sebagian besar Kegubernuran Idlib.<ref name="Idlib controlled">{{cite web |author=Ryan Rifai |title=Syrian group claims control of Idlib province |publisher=[[Al Jazeera]] |url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2015/06/syrian-group-claims-control-idlib-province-150606175054806.html |date=6 June 2015 |access-date=25 June 2015}}</ref><ref name="inde1">{{cite news |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/syria-crisis-turkey-and-saudi-arabia-shock-western-countries-by-supporting-antiassad-jihadists-10242747.html |title=Turkey and Saudi Arabia alarm the West by backing Islamist extremists the Americans had bombed in Syria |author=Kim Sengupta |newspaper=The Independent |date=12 May 2015}}</ref>
Institut Studi Perang menggambarkan Jaish al-Fatah sebagai perantara kekuatan "anti-rezim" dan "anti-Hizbullah" yang beroperasi di Kegubernuran Idlib, Hama, Daraa dan Quneitra. Jaish al-Fatah digambarkan oleh Tony Blair Institute for Global Change sebagai "koalisi pimpinan al-Qaeda" yang berupaya mencapai tujuan akhir untuk menciptakan "negara Islam".
 
Institut Studi Perang menggambarkan Jaish al-Fatah sebagai perantara kekuatan "anti-rezim" dan "anti-Hizbullah" yang beroperasi di Kegubernuran Idlib, Hama, Daraa dan Quneitra.<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Jennifer Cafarella |author2=Genevieve Casagrande |date=7 October 2015 |title=Syrian Opposition Guide |url=http://www.understandingwar.org/sites/default/files/Syrian%20Opposition%20Guide_0.pdf |series=Backgrounder |publisher=[[Institute for the Study of War]] |page=3 |ref={{harvid|Cafarella|Casagrande|2015}}}}</ref>  Jaish al-Fatah digambarkan oleh Tony Blair Institute for Global Change sebagai "koalisi pimpinan al-Qaeda" yang berupaya mencapai tujuan akhir untuk menciptakan "negara Islam".<ref>{{Cite web |date=2015 |title=If the Castle Falls: Exploring the ideology and objectives of the Syrian rebellion |url=https://institute.global/sites/default/files/inline-files/If%20the%20Castle%20Falls.pdf |access-date=2022-03-31 |website=Tony Blair Institute for Global Change}}</ref>
== Anggota ==
 
== Partisipan ==
 
Pada pendiriannya, Jaish al-Fatah terdiri dari enam anggota, dua di antaranya (al-Nusra dan Jund al-Aqsa) terkait langsung dengan al[[Al-Qaeda]]. <ref name="inde1"/><ref>"[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mideast-crisis-syria-jund-al-aqsa-idUSKCN11Q1LH U.S. sanctions jihadist Syrian rebel group Jund al-Aqsa]". Reuters. 20 September 2016.</ref><ref name="weekly"/> Dengan Ahrar al-Sham menjadi kelompok terbesar,<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.newsweek.com/cia-backed-rebels-fight-alongside-al-qaeda-wing-syria-327064 |title=Syrian rebels fight Syrian army near Assad heartland |work=Newsweek |agency=Reuters |date=30 April 2015 |access-date=1 May 2015 |quote=Sebagai kelompok terbesar di Angkatan Darat Fatah, Ahrar al-Sham tampaknya memegang kunci untuk mencegah pertikaian.}}</ref> al-Nusra dan Ahrar al-Sham dilaporkan mewakili 90 persen pasukan. <ref name="weekly">{{cite news |url=http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/News/12392/21/Gulf-allies-and-%E2%80%98Army-of-Conquest%E2%80%99.aspx |title=Gulf allies and 'Army of Conquest |newspaper=[[Al-Ahram Weekly]] |date=28 May 2015 |quote="Jabhat Al-Nusra dan Ahrar Al-Sham mewakili 90 persen pasukan. [[Arab Saudi]] dan [[Qatar]] menyediakan dana untuk 40 persen kebutuhan koalisi"|access-date=3 October 2015 |archive-date=12 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180712044423/http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/News/12392/21/Gulf-allies-and-%E2%80%98Army-of-Conquest%E2%80%99.aspx |url-status=dead }}</ref> Faksi Islam terkemuka lainnya di ruang operasi adalah Sham Legion (Faylaq Al-Sham).  Tiga anggota pendiri lainnya adalah Jaish al-Sunna;  Liwa al-Haqq, dan Ajnad al-Sham.  Jaish al-Fatah berkolaborasi dengan faksi Tentara Pembebasan Suriah yang lebih moderat seperti Brigade Ksatria Keadilan.<ref name="AFP">{{cite news|url=https://news.yahoo.com/army-conquest-rebel-alliance-pressures-syria-regime-090529121.html|title='Army of Conquest' rebel alliance pressures Syria regime |agency=AFP|date=28 April 2015 |access-date=2 May 2015|quote=Koalisi, yang pembentukannya diumumkan pada bulan Maret, terdiri dari berbagai kelompok jihadis dan Islamis, yang paling menonjol adalah afiliasi Al-Qaeda, Front Al-Nusra dan Ahrar al-Sham, sebuah kelompok Islamis yang kuat [...] Anggota penting lainnya adalah Faylaq al-Sham, sebuah koalisi yang terdiri dari batalyon-batalyon yang berhubungan dengan Ikhwanul Muslimin, dan Jund al-Aqsa, sebuah kelompok jihadis kecil.}}</ref>
 
Keberhasilan awal koalisi ini disebabkan oleh koherensinya yang kuat, dengan nama masing-masing faksi dilarang ketika kelompok tersebut melakukan operasi gabungan.<ref>[http://bigstory.ap.org/article/fdd1ac8c422a4b81bbe2a2f46cebbcaf/syrian-insurgent-gains-expose-assad-weaknesseshttp:/bigstory.ap.org/article/fdd1ac8c422a4b81bbe2a2f46cebbcaf/syrian-insurgent-gains-expose-assad-weaknesses "Syrian Insurgent gains expose Assad Weaknesses"]{{dead link|date=October 2016 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} Artikel bersumber dari AP di "The New York Times". "Muayad Zurayk, seorang aktivis di kota Idlib, mengaitkan keberhasilan oposisi di provinsi tersebut dengan ruang operasi gabungan [...] "Semua operasi yang berasal dari pusat komando terkoordinasi dilakukan atas nama Jaish al-Fatah," ujarnya, merujuk pada komando terpadu. "Dilarang menyebut nama faksi mana pun."</ref>
Keberhasilan awal koalisi ini disebabkan oleh koherensinya yang kuat, dengan nama masing-masing faksi dilarang ketika kelompok tersebut melakukan operasi gabungan.
 
Sejak konflik antar pemberontak di Idlib, yang menyebabkan bentrokan Ahrar al-Sham dengan Jabhat Fateh al-Sham, dan pembelotan serta merger yang dimulai pada 21 Januari 2017, Tentara Penakluk sudah tidak berfungsi.
Baris 59 ⟶ 120:
! Tanggal !! Pertarungan !! Tempat !! Perlawanan !! Hasil
|-
| 24–28 Maret 2015 || [[Second Battle of Idlib|Pertempuran Idlib Kedua]] || [[Idlib]] || {{Flag|SyrianRepublik Arab RepublicSuriah }} || VictoryKemenangan
|-
| 22 April – 14 Juni 2015 || [[Northwestern Syria offensive (April–June 2015)|Serangan Barat Laut Suriah (April–Juni 2015)]] || [[Idlib Governorate|Kegubernuran Idlib]] anddan [[Hama Governorate|Hama]] Governorates || {{Flag|SyrianRepublik Arab RepublicSuriah}} || VictoryKemenangan
|-
| 4 Mei – 21 Juni 2015 || [[QalamounSerangan offensiveQalamoun (May–JuneMei–Juni 2015)|Serangan Qalamoun offensive]] || [[Qalamun Mountains|QalamunQalamoun]] || {{flagicon image|InfoboxHez.PNG}} [[HezbollahHizbullah (Lebanon)|Hizbullah]] <br /> {{Flag|SyrianRepublik Arab RepublicSuriah}} || DefeatKekalahan
|-
|28 Juli–28 Agustus 2015 || [[Al-Ghab offensive (July–August 2015)|Al-Ghab OffensiveMenyerang]] || [[Idlib Governorate|Kegubernuran Idlib]] || {{Flag|SyrianRepublik Arab RepublicSuriah}} || VictoryKemenangan
|-
|28 Maret 2015 – 19 Juli 2018 || [[Siege of Al-Fu'ah-Kafarya (2015)|Siege ofPengepungan Al-Fu'ah anddan Kafarya]] || [[Idlib Governorate|Kegubernuran Idlib]] || {{Flag|SyrianRepublik Arab RepublicSuriah}} || VictoryKemenangan
|-
| Maret – 9 September 2015 || [[Siege of Abu al-Duhur Airbase|Pengepungan Pangkalan Udara Abu al-Duhur]] || [[Idlib Governorate|Kegubernuran Idlib]] || {{Flag|SyrianRepublik Arab RepublicSuriah}} || VictoryKemenangan
|-
| 7 Oktober – 10 November 2015 || [[NorthwesternSerangan SyriaSuriah offensiveBarat Laut (October–NovemberOktober-November 2015)]] || [[Hama Governorate|Kegubernuran Hama]] || {{Flag|SyrianRepublik Arab RepublicSuriah}} || IndecisiveKebingungan
|-
| 1 April – 18 Juni 2016 || [[2016 Southern Aleppo campaign|Kampanye Aleppo Selatan 2016]] || [[Aleppo Governorate|Kegubernuran Aleppo]] || {{Flag|SyrianRepublik Arab RepublicSuriah}} || VictoryKemenangan
|-
| 27 Juni – 12 Agustus 2016 || [[2016 Latakia offensive|2016 Latakia Menyerang]] || [[Latakia Governorate|Kegubernuran Latakia]] || {{Flag|SyrianRepublik Arab RepublicSuriah}} || DefeatKekalahan
|-
| 31 Juli – 6 Agustus 2016 || [[Aleppo offensive (July–August 2016)|Serangan Aleppo (Juli–Agustus 2016)]] || [[Aleppo Governorate|Kegubernuran Aleppo]] || {{Flag|SyrianRepublik Arab RepublicSuriah}} || VictoryKemenangan
|-
| 11 Agustus – 11 September 2016 || [[Aleppo offensive (August–September 2016)|Serangan Aleppo (Agustus–September 2016)]] || [[Aleppo Governorate|Kegubernuran Aleppo]] || {{Flag|SyrianRepublik Arab RepublicSuriah}} || DefeatKekalahan
|-
| 22 September – 16 Oktober 2016 || [[Aleppo offensive (September–October 2016)|Serangan Aleppo (September–Oktober 2016)]] || [[Aleppo Governorate|Kegubernuran Aleppo]] || {{Flag|SyrianRepublik Arab RepublicSuriah}}<br />{{Flag|Russia}}<br />{{Flag|Iran}} || DefeatKekalahan
|-
| 28 Oktober – 12 November 2016 || [[Aleppo offensive (October–November 2016)|Serangan Aleppo (Oktober–November 2016)]] || [[Aleppo Governorate|Kegubernuran Aleppo]] || {{Flag|SyrianRepublik Arab RepublicSuriah}}<br />{{Flag|Russia}}<br />{{Flag|Iran}} || DefeatKekalahan
|-
| 15 November – 22 Desember 2016 || [[Aleppo offensive (November–December 2016)|Serangan Aleppo (November–Desember 2016)]] || [[Aleppo Governorate|Kegubernuran Aleppo]] || {{Flag|SyrianRepublik Arab RepublicSuriah}}<br />{{Flag|Russia}}<br />{{Flag|Iran}} || DefeatKekalahan
|}
 
== Referensi ==
{{Reflist}}
 
[[Kategori:Idlib]]
[[Kategori:Pendirian tahun 2015 di Suriah]]
[[Kategori:Kelompok Jihadis di Suriah]]