Penyerbuan Polandia: Perbedaan antara revisi

|date=[[1 September]] – [[6 Oktober]] [[1939]]{{br}}(1 bulan, 5 hari)

|place=[[GdańskRepublik Polandia Kedua|DanzigPolandia]], dan [[PolandiaKota Merdeka Danzig]]

|result=Kemenangan [[Blok Poros]] dan [[Soviet]]; Teritori Polandia terbagi antara Jerman dan Uni Soviet

|combatant1={{negaraFlag|Polandia|1939}} [[Republik Polandia Kedua|Polandia]]

|combatant2=[[Berkas:Flag{{Flagdeco|Jerman of Germany 1933.svg|22px]]Nazi}} [[Jerman Nazi]]{{br}}[[Berkas:Flag of the{{Flagdeco|Uni Soviet Union 1923.svg|22px]]}} [[Uni Soviet]]{{br}}[[Berkas:1stslovakia flag large.svg{{flagdeco|22px]]Rusia}} [[Republik Slowakia (1939–1945)|Slowakia]]

|commander1={{negara|Polandia}} [[Edward Rydz-Śmigły]]{{br}}{{negara|Polandia}} [[Wacław Stachiewicz]]{{br}}{{negara|Polandia}} [[Tadeusz Kutrzeba]]{{br}}{{negara|Polandia}} [[Juliusz Rómmel]]

|commander2=[[Berkas:Flag{{Flagdeco|Jerman of Germany 1933.svg|22px]]Nazi}} [[Fedor von Bock]]{{br}}[[Berkas:Flag of Germany 1933.svg{{Flagdeco|22px]]Jerman Nazi}} [[Gerd von Rundstedt]]{{br}}{{Flagdeco|Jerman Nazi}} [[Berkas:FlagWalter of the Sovietvon Union 1923.svg|22pxReichenau]]{{br}}{{Flagdeco|Uni Soviet}} [[Mikhail Kovalev]] <small>(Front Belorusia),</small>{{br}}[[Berkas:Flag of the{{Flagdeco|Uni Soviet Union 1923.svg|22px]]}} [[Semyon Timoshenko]] <small>(Front Ukraina),</small>{{br}}{{Flagdeco|Uni Soviet}} [[Berkas:1stslovakiaVasily flag large.svg|22pxChuikov]]{{br}}{{Flagdeco|Rusia}} [[Ferdinand Čatloš]]

|strength1='''Polandia''':{{br}}39 divisi,<ref name=pereslegin>Переслегин. Вторая мировая: война между реальностями.- М.:Яуза, Эксмо, 2006, с.22; Р. Э. Дюпюи, Т. Н. Дюпюи. Всемирная история войн. — С-П,М: АСТ, кн.4, с.93</ref>{{br}} 16 brigadir,<ref name=pereslegin/>{{br}}4.300 senapan,<ref name=pereslegin/>{{br}}880 tank,{{br}}400800 pesawat tempur<ref name=polishgovernment>Ministry of Foreign Affairs. [http://www.ww2.pl/The,1939,Campaign,22.html The 1939 Campaign] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131211211729/http://www.ww2.pl/The%2C1939%2CCampaign%2C22.html |date=2013-12-11 }} [[Polish Ministry of Foreign Affairs]], 2005</ref>{{br}} '''Jumlah: 950.000'''

|strength2='''Jerman''':{{br}}56 divisi,{{br}}4 brigadir,{{br}}9.000 senapan,<ref name=polishgovernment/>{{br}}2.500 tank,<ref name=polishgovernment/>{{br}}2.315 pesawat tempur<ref>E.R Hooton, p85</ref> {{br}}'''Uni Soviet''':{{br}}33+ divisi,{{br}}11+ brigadir,{{br}}4.959 senapan,{{br}}4.736 tank,{{br}}3.300 pesawat tempur{{br}}'''Slowakia''':{{br}}3 divisi{{br}}'''Jumlah''':{{br}}1.500.000 orangpasukan Jerman,<ref name=polishgovernment/>{{br}} 800.000+ orangpasukan Soviet,{{br}} 50.000 orangpasukan Slowakia{{br}}'''Seluruhnya: 2.350.000+'''

|casualties2='''Jerman''':{{br}}16.343 tewas,{{br}}27.280 terluka,{{br}}320 hilang{{br}}'''Uni Soviet''':{{br}}7371.475 tewas atau hilang,{{br}}12.125383 terluka{{br}}'''Slowakia''':{{br}}1837 tewas,{{br}}46114 terluka,{{br}}11 hilang

'''Penyerbuan Polandia 1939''' (di [[Polandia]] juga disebut "'''Kampanye September'''", "''Kampania wrześniowa''," dan "'''Perang Defensif 1939'''," "''Wojna obronna 1939 roku''"; di [[Jerman]], "'''Kampanye Polandia'''," "''Polenfeldzug''," dinamai "[[Fall Weiss (1939)|''Fall Weiss'']]," "Case White," oleh Jerman, dan kadang-kadang disebut "'''Perang Polandia-Jerman 1939'''"), adalah invasi yang dilancarkan oleh [[Jerman Nazi]], [[Uni Soviet]], dan kontingen [[Invasi Slowakia ke Polandia|Slowakia]] yang merupakan sebab khusus [[Perang Dunia II]].

Penyerbuan [[Polandia]] menandai dimulainya [[Palagan Eropa dalam Perang Dunia II|Perang Dunia II di Eropa]]. [[Blok Sekutu dalam Perang Dunia II|Sekutu]] Polandia,: [[Britania Raya]], [[Australia]], dan [[Selandia Baru]],<ref name="NZHistory">{{cite web |author=History Group of the Ministry for Culture and Heritage, Wellington, New Zealand |title=Overview - New Zealand and the Second World War |publisher=Ministry for Culture and Heritage, Wellington, New Zealand |year=2005 |work=New Zealand's History online |url=http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/node/2334 |accessdate=2007-01-15 |language=English}}</ref> menyatakan perang kepada [[Jerman Nazi|Jerman]] pada tanggal [[3 September]], yang segera diikuti oleh [[Prancis]], [[Afrika Selatan]], dan [[Kanada]]. Penyerbuan Polandia dimulai pada tanggal [[1 September]] [[1939]], satu minggu setelah penandatanganan [[Pakta Molotov-Ribbentrop]], dan penyerbuan ini berakhir pada tanggal [[6 Oktober]] [[1939]], setelah Jerman dan Uni Soviet menduduki seluruh Polandia. Walaupun Britania Raya dan Prancis menyatakan perang setelah Jerman menyerang Polandia, sangat sedikit aksi militer langsung yang dilakukan (lihat [[Perang Phoney]]).

Dengan terjadinya [[Insiden Gleiwitz]] pada tanggal [[31 Agustus]] [[1939]], pada [[1 September]], pasukan Jerman menyerang Polandia dari arah utara, selatan, dan barat. Pasukan Polandia terpencar untuk melindungi perbatasan panjang mereka, dan segera mundur ke timur. Setelah kekalahan Polandia pada pertengahan September dalam [[Pertempuran Bzura]], tentara Polandia mulai mundur ke tenggara untuk melindungi ''[[przedmoście rumuńskie]]'', tempat pasukan Polandia menunggu bantuan Sekutu.<ref name="Baliszewski-MH">Baliszewski, ''Most honoru''</ref>

Pada tanggal [[17 September]] [[1939]], [[tentara Merah]] Soviet menyerang [[Kresy|daerah timur Polandia]].<ref name="Fischer">Fischer 1999–2000</ref> Soviet mengambil daerah mereka sesuai dengan pembagian pada pakta Molotov-Ribbentrop.<ref name="Cienciala">{{cite web |authorlink=Anna M. Cienciala |first=Anna M. |last=Cienciala |year=2004 |url=http://web.ku.edu/~eceurope/hist557/lect16.htm |title=The Coming of the War and Eastern Europe in World War II |publisher=[[University of Kansas]] |accessdate=2006-03-15 |archive-date=2012-08-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120801010755/http://web.ku.edu/~eceurope/hist557/lect16.htm |dead-url=yes }}</ref> Pemerintah Polandia menyadari bahwa mempertahakan ''Przedmoście rumuńskie'' sudah tidak berguna dan memerintahkan evakuasi ke [[Rumania]].<ref name="Sanford">{{wikiref |id=Sanford-2005 |text=Sanford 2005, pp. 20–24}}</ref> Pada [[1 Oktober]], Jerman dan Uni Soviet berhasil menguasai seluruh Polandia, walaupun pemerintah Polandia tidak pernah menyerah.

* {{cite book|last=Cooper|first=Matthew|title=The German Army 1939–1945: Its Political and Military Failure|url=https://archive.org/details/germanarmy1933190000coop_r0w6|publisher=Stein and Day|location=New York|year=1978|isbn=0-8128-2468-7}}

* {{cite journal |authorlink=Benjamin B. Fischer |last=Fischer |first=Benjamin B. |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/center-for-the-study-of-intelligence/csi-publications/csi-studies/studies/winter99-00/art6.html |title=The Katyn Controversy: Stalin's Killing Field |journal=[[Studies in Intelligence]] |date=Winter 1999–2000 |accessdate=2005-12-10 |archive-date=2010-01-17 |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/5mq16st2z?url=https://www.cia.gov/library/center-for-the-study-of-intelligence/csi-publications/csi-studies/studies/winter99-00/art6.html |dead-url=yes }}

* {{cite book|authorlink=Anita J. Prazmowska|last=Prazmowska|first=Anita J.|title=Britain and Poland 1939–1943: The Betrayed Ally|url=https://archive.org/details/britainpoland1930000praz|location=Cambridge|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=1995|isbn=0-521-48385-9}}

* {{cite book|last=Rossino|first=Alexander B.|title=Hitler Strikes Poland: Blitzkrieg, Ideology and Atrocity|url=https://archive.org/details/hitlerstrikespol0000ross|location=Lawrence|publisher=University Press of Kansas|year=2003|isbn=0-7006-1234-3}}

* {{cite book|last=Smith|first=Peter Charles|title=Stuka Spearhead: The Lightning War from Poland to Dunkirk 1939–1940|url=https://archive.org/details/stukaspearheadli0000smit|publisher=Greenhill Books|year=1998|isbn=1-85367-329-3}}

* {{cite book|last=Taylor|first=A. J. P.|coauthors=Mayer, S. L. (eds.)|title=A History Of World War Two|url=https://archive.org/details/historyofworldwa00tayl|location=London|publisher=Octopus Books|year=1974|isbn=0-70640-399-1}}

* {{cite book|last=Zaloga|first=Steve|coauthors=Gerrard, Howard|title=Poland 1939: The Birth of Blitzkrieg|url=https://archive.org/details/poland1939birtho0000zalo|location=Oxford|publisher=Osprey Publishing|year=2002|isbn=1-84176-408-6}}

* [http://www.warmuseum.ca/cwm/newspapers/operations/poland_e.html World War 2 Online Newspaper Archives - The Invasion of Poland, 1939] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071215210220/http://www.warmuseum.ca/cwm/newspapers/operations/poland_e.html |date=2007-12-15 }}

* [http://www.worldwar2database.com/html/poland.htm The Campaign in Poland at WorldWar2 Database] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070311033339/http://www.worldwar2database.com/html/poland.htm |date=2007-03-11 }}

* [http://worldatwar.net/wars/ww2/poland39/ Fall Weiß - The Fall of Poland] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050829215526/http://worldatwar.net/wars/ww2/poland39/ |date=2005-08-29 }}

* [http://www.yale.edu/lawweb/avalon/wwii/bluebook/blbk19.htm Agreement of Mutual Assistance Between the United Kingdom and Poland.-London, 25&nbsp;August 1939.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051126160834/http://www.yale.edu/lawweb/avalon/wwii/bluebook/blbk19.htm |date=2005-11-26 }}

* [httphttps://web.archive.org/web/20040817080534/http://ww2.boom.ru/Poland/defence.html Poland's Defence War], a fairly detailed but possibly one sided account of the Polish defense in 1939

* [http://www.historychannel.com/speeches/archive/speech_225.html Radio reports on the German invasion of Poland] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050507162338/http://www.historychannel.com/speeches/archive/speech_225.html |date=2005-05-07 }} and [http://www.historychannel.com/speeches/archive/speech_199.html Nazi broadcast claiming that Germany's action is an act of defense] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050404033022/http://www.historychannel.com/speeches/archive/speech_199.html |date=2005-04-04 }}

* [http://adolfhitler.ws/lib/proc/reply.html German reply] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061007164624/http://adolfhitler.ws/lib/proc/reply.html |date=2006-10-07 }} to British Government's ultimatum of [[3 September]] [[1939]]

* [http://www.ipn.gov.pl/eng/eng_vt_soviet17.html September 17, 1939 - Soviet aggression on Poland] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051125141611/http://www.ipn.gov.pl/eng/eng_vt_soviet17.html |date=2005-11-25 }}

* [http://www.svetskirat.net/istorija/poljska.htm Invasion of Poland] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071229230401/http://www.svetskirat.net/istorija/poljska.htm |date=2007-12-29 }}

[[Kategori:Konflik dalam tahun 1939]]