Penyerbuan Polandia: Perbedaan antara revisi

|date=[[1 September]] – [[6 Oktober]] [[1939]]{{br}}(1 bulan, 5 hari)

|place=[[Republik Polandia Kedua|Polandia]] dan [[Kota Merdeka Danzig]]

|result=Kemenangan [[Blok Poros]] dan [[Soviet]]; Teritori Polandia terbagi antara Jerman dan Uni Soviet

|combatant1={{negaraFlag|Polandia|1939}} [[Republik Polandia Kedua|Polandia]]

|combatant2=[[Berkas:Flag{{Flagdeco|Jerman of Germany 1933.svg|22px]]Nazi}} [[Jerman Nazi]]{{br}}[[Berkas:Flag of the{{Flagdeco|Uni Soviet Union 1923.svg|22px]]}} [[Uni Soviet]]{{br}}[[Berkas:1stslovakia flag large.svg{{flagdeco|22px]]Rusia}} [[Republik Slowakia (1939–1945)|Slowakia]]

|commander1={{negara|Polandia}} [[Edward Rydz-Śmigły]]{{br}}{{negara|Polandia}} [[Wacław Stachiewicz]]{{br}}{{negara|Polandia}} [[Tadeusz Kutrzeba]]{{br}}{{negara|Polandia}} [[Juliusz Rómmel]]

|commander2=[[Berkas:Flag{{Flagdeco|Jerman of Germany 1933.svg|22px]]Nazi}} [[Fedor von Bock]]{{br}}[[Berkas:Flag of Germany 1933.svg{{Flagdeco|22px]]Jerman Nazi}} [[Gerd von Rundstedt]]{{br}}{{Flagdeco|Jerman Nazi}} [[Berkas:FlagWalter of the Sovietvon Union 1923.svg|22pxReichenau]]{{br}}{{Flagdeco|Uni Soviet}} [[Mikhail Kovalev]] <small>(Front Belorusia),</small>{{br}}[[Berkas:Flag of the{{Flagdeco|Uni Soviet Union 1923.svg|22px]]}} [[Semyon Timoshenko]] <small>(Front Ukraina),</small>{{br}}{{Flagdeco|Uni Soviet}} [[Berkas:1stslovakiaVasily flag large.svg|22pxChuikov]]{{br}}{{Flagdeco|Rusia}} [[Ferdinand Čatloš]]

|strength1='''Polandia''':{{br}}39 divisi,<ref name=pereslegin>Переслегин. Вторая мировая: война между реальностями.- М.:Яуза, Эксмо, 2006, с.22; Р. Э. Дюпюи, Т. Н. Дюпюи. Всемирная история войн. — С-П,М: АСТ, кн.4, с.93</ref>{{br}} 16 brigadir,<ref name=pereslegin/>{{br}}4.300 senapan,<ref name=pereslegin/>{{br}}880 tank,{{br}}400800 pesawat tempur<ref name=polishgovernment>Ministry of Foreign Affairs. [http://www.ww2.pl/The,1939,Campaign,22.html The 1939 Campaign] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131211211729/http://www.ww2.pl/The%2C1939%2CCampaign%2C22.html |date=2013-12-11 }} [[Polish Ministry of Foreign Affairs]], 2005</ref>{{br}} '''Jumlah: 950.000'''

|strength2='''Jerman''':{{br}}56 divisi,{{br}}4 brigadir,{{br}}9.000 senapan,<ref name=polishgovernment/>{{br}}2.500 tank,<ref name=polishgovernment/>{{br}}2.315 pesawat tempur<ref>E.R Hooton, p85</ref> {{br}}'''Uni Soviet''':{{br}}33+ divisi,{{br}}11+ brigadir,{{br}}4.959 senapan,{{br}}4.736 tank,{{br}}3.300 pesawat tempur{{br}}'''Slowakia''':{{br}}3 divisi{{br}}'''Jumlah''':{{br}}1.500.000 orangpasukan Jerman,<ref name=polishgovernment/>{{br}} 800.000+ orangpasukan Soviet,{{br}} 50.000 orangpasukan Slowakia{{br}}'''Seluruhnya: 2.350.000+'''

|casualties2='''Jerman''':{{br}}16.343 tewas,{{br}}27.280 terluka,{{br}}320 hilang{{br}}'''Uni Soviet''':{{br}}7371.475 tewas atau hilang,{{br}}12.125383 terluka{{br}}'''Slowakia''':{{br}}1837 tewas,{{br}}46114 terluka,{{br}}11 hilang

'''InvasiPenyerbuan Polandia tahun 1939''' (di [[Polandia]] juga disebut "'''Kampanye September'''", "''Kampania wrześniowa''," dan "'''Perang Defensif 1939'''," "''Wojna obronna 1939 roku''"; di [[Jerman]], "'''Kampanye Polandia'''," "''Polenfeldzug''," dinamai "[[Fall Weiss (1939)|''Fall Weiss'']]," "Case White," oleh Jerman, dan kadang-kadang disebut "'''Perang Polandia-Jerman 1939'''"), adalah invasi yang dilancarkan oleh [[Jerman Nazi]], [[Uni Soviet]], dan kontingen [[Invasi Slowakia ke Polandia|Slowakia]] yang merupakan sebab khusus [[Perang Dunia II]].

InvasiPenyerbuan [[Polandia]] menandai dimulainya [[Palagan Eropa dalam Perang Dunia II|Perang Dunia II di Eropa]]. [[Blok Sekutu dalam Perang Dunia II|Sekutu]] Polandia,: [[Britania Raya]], [[Australia]], dan [[Selandia Baru]],<ref name="NZHistory">{{cite web |author=History Group of the Ministry for Culture and Heritage, Wellington, New Zealand |title=Overview - New Zealand and the Second World War |publisher=Ministry for Culture and Heritage, Wellington, New Zealand |year=2005 |work=New Zealand's History online |url=http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/node/2334 |accessdate=2007-01-15 |language=English}}</ref> menyatakan perang kepada [[Jerman Nazi|Jerman]] pada tanggal [[3 September]], yang segera diikuti oleh [[PerancisPrancis]], [[Afrika Selatan]], dan [[Kanada]]. InvasiPenyerbuan Polandia dimulai pada tanggal [[1 September]] [[1939]], satu minggu setelah penandatanganan [[Pakta Molotov-Ribbentrop]], dan invasipenyerbuan ini berakhir pada tanggal [[6 Oktober]] [[1939]], setelah Jerman dan Uni Soviet menduduki seluruh Polandia. Walaupun Britania Raya dan PerancisPrancis menyatakan perang setelah Jerman menyerang Polandia, sangat sedikit aksi militer langsung yang dilakukan (lihat [[Perang Phoney]]).

Dengan terjadinya [[Insiden Gleiwitz]] pada tanggal [[31 Agustus]] [[1939]], pada [[1 September]], pasukan Jerman menyerang Polandia dari arah utara, selatan, dan barat. Pasukan Polandia terpencar untuk melindungi perbatasan panjang mereka, dan segera mundur ke timur. Setelah kekalahan Polandia pada pertengahan September dalam [[Pertempuran Bzura]], tentara Polandia mulai mundur ke tenggara untuk melindungi ''[[przedmoście rumuńskie]]'', tempat pasukan Polandia menunggu bantuan Sekutu.<ref name="Baliszewski-MH">Baliszewski, ''Most honoru''</ref>

Pada tanggal [[17 September]] [[1939]], [[tentara Merah]] Soviet menyerang [[Kresy|daerah timur Polandia]].<ref name="Fischer">Fischer 1999–2000</ref> Soviet mengambil daerah mereka sesuai dengan pembagian pada pakta Molotov-Ribbentrop.<ref name="Cienciala">{{cite web |authorlink=Anna M. Cienciala |first=Anna M. |last=Cienciala |year=2004 |url=http://web.ku.edu/~eceurope/hist557/lect16.htm |title=The Coming of the War and Eastern Europe in World War II |publisher=[[University of Kansas]] |accessdate=2006-03-15 |archive-date=2012-08-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120801010755/http://web.ku.edu/~eceurope/hist557/lect16.htm |dead-url=yes }}</ref> Pemerintah Polandia menyadari bahwa mempertahakan ''Przedmoście rumuńskie'' sudah tidak berguna dan memerintahkan evakuasi ke [[Rumania]].<ref name="Sanford">{{wikiref |id=Sanford-2005 |text=Sanford 2005, pp. 20–24}}</ref> Pada [[1 Oktober]], Jerman dan Uni Soviet berhasil menguasai seluruh Polandia, walaupun pemerintah Polandia tidak pernah menyerah.

* {{cite book |last=Cooper |first=Matthew |title=The German Army 1939–1945: Its Political and Military Failure |url=https://archive.org/details/germanarmy1933190000coop_r0w6|publisher=Stein and Day |location=New York |year=1978 |isbn=0-8128-2468-7}}

* {{cite book |authorlink=Marek Jan Chodakiewicz |last=Chodakiewicz |first=Marek Jan |title=Between Nazis and Soviets: Occupation Politics in Poland, 1939–1947 |publisher=Lexington Books |year=2004 |isbn=0-7391-0484-5}}

* {{cite book |last=Ellis |first=John |title=[[Brute Force (book)|Brute Force: Allied Strategy and Tactics in the Second World War]] |publisher=Viking Adult |edition=1st American ed. |year=1999 |isbn=0-670-80773-7}}

* {{cite journal |authorlink=Benjamin B. Fischer |last=Fischer |first=Benjamin B. |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/center-for-the-study-of-intelligence/csi-publications/csi-studies/studies/winter99-00/art6.html |title=The Katyn Controversy: Stalin's Killing Field |journal=[[Studies in Intelligence]] |date=Winter 1999–2000 |accessdate=2005-12-10 |archive-date=2010-01-17 |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/5mq16st2z?url=https://www.cia.gov/library/center-for-the-study-of-intelligence/csi-publications/csi-studies/studies/winter99-00/art6.html |dead-url=yes }}

* {{cite book |authorlink=Jan T. Gross |last=Gross |first=Jan T. |title=Revolution from Abroad: The Soviet Conquest of Poland's Western Ukraine and Western Belorussia |location=Princeton |publisher=Princeton University Press |year=2002 |isbn=0-691-09603-1}}

* {{cite book |last=Hooton |first=E. R. |year=2007 |title=Luftwaffe at War: Gathering Storm 1933–1939 Volume 1 |location=London |publisher=Chervron/Ian Allen |isbn=978-1-903223-71-7}}

* {{cite book |last=Kennedy |first=Robert M. |title=The German Campaign in Poland (1939) |publisher=Zenger |year=1980 |isbn=0-89201-064-9}}

* {{cite book |authorlink=Richard C. Lukas |last=Lukas |first=Richard C. |title=Forgotten Holocaust: The Poles Under German Occupation, 1939–1944 |publisher=Hippocrene Books |year=2001 |isbn=0-7818-0901-0}}

* {{cite book |last=Majer |first=Diemut |coauthors=et al. |title=Non-Germans under the Third Reich: The Nazi Judicial and Administrative System in Germany and Occupied Eastern Europe, with Special Regard to Occupied Poland, 1939–1945 |publisher=Johns Hopkins University Press |year=2003 |isbn=0-8018-6493-3}}

* {{cite book |authorlink=Anita J. Prazmowska |last=Prazmowska |first=Anita J. |title=Britain and Poland 1939–1943: The Betrayed Ally |url=https://archive.org/details/britainpoland1930000praz|location=Cambridge |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=1995 |isbn=0-521-48385-9}}

* {{cite book |last=Rossino |first=Alexander B. |title=Hitler Strikes Poland: Blitzkrieg, Ideology and Atrocity |url=https://archive.org/details/hitlerstrikespol0000ross|location=Lawrence |publisher=University Press of Kansas |year=2003 |isbn=0-7006-1234-3}}

* {{cite book |authorlink=George Sanford (scholar) |last=Sanford |first=George |year=2005 |title=Katyn and the Soviet Massacre Of 1940: Truth, Justice And Memory |location=London, New York |publisher=Routledge |isbn=0415338735}}

* {{cite book |last=Smith |first=Peter Charles |title=Stuka Spearhead: The Lightning War from Poland to Dunkirk 1939–1940 |url=https://archive.org/details/stukaspearheadli0000smit|publisher=Greenhill Books |year=1998 |isbn=1-85367-329-3}}

* {{cite book |last=Sword |first=Keith |title=The Soviet Takeover of the Polish Eastern Provinces, 1939–41 |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |year=1991 |isbn=0-312-05570-6}}

* {{cite book |authorlink=Wacław Stachiewicz |first=Wacław |last=Stachiewicz |title=Wierności dochować żołnierskiej |publisher=OW RYTM |year=1998 |isbn=83-86678-71-2 |language=Polish}}

* {{cite book |last=Taylor |first=A. J. P. |coauthors=Mayer, S. L. (eds.) |title=A History Of World War Two |url=https://archive.org/details/historyofworldwa00tayl|location=London |publisher=Octopus Books |year=1974 |isbn=0-70640-399-1}}

* {{cite book |last=Zaloga |first=Steve |coauthors=Gerrard, Howard |title=Poland 1939: The Birth of Blitzkrieg |url=https://archive.org/details/poland1939birtho0000zalo|location=Oxford |publisher=Osprey Publishing |year=2002 |isbn=1-84176-408-6}}

* {{cite book |last=Zaloga |first=Steve |title=The Polish Army 1939–1945 |location=Oxford |publisher=Osprey Publishing |year=1982 |isbn=0-85045-417-4}}

* {{cite book |first=Jochen |last=Böhler |title=Auftakt zum Vernichtungskrieg; Die Wehrmacht in Polen 1939 (Preface to the War of Annihilation: Wehrmacht in Poland) |year=2006 |publisher=Fischer Taschenbuch Verlag |location=Frankfurt |isbn=3-596-16307-2 |language=German}}

* [http://www.warmuseum.ca/cwm/newspapers/operations/poland_e.html World War 2 Online Newspaper Archives - The Invasion of Poland, 1939] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071215210220/http://www.warmuseum.ca/cwm/newspapers/operations/poland_e.html |date=2007-12-15 }}

* [http://www.worldwar2database.com/html/poland.htm The Campaign in Poland at WorldWar2 Database] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070311033339/http://www.worldwar2database.com/html/poland.htm |date=2007-03-11 }}

* [http://worldatwar.net/wars/ww2/poland39/ Fall Weiß - The Fall of Poland] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050829215526/http://worldatwar.net/wars/ww2/poland39/ |date=2005-08-29 }}

* [http://www.yale.edu/lawweb/avalon/wwii/bluebook/blbk19.htm Agreement of Mutual Assistance Between the United Kingdom and Poland.-London, 25&nbsp;August 1939.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051126160834/http://www.yale.edu/lawweb/avalon/wwii/bluebook/blbk19.htm |date=2005-11-26 }}

* [httphttps://web.archive.org/web/20040817080534/http://ww2.boom.ru/Poland/defence.html Poland's Defence War], a fairly detailed but possibly one sided account of the Polish defense in 1939

* [http://www.historychannel.com/speeches/archive/speech_225.html Radio reports on the German invasion of Poland] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050507162338/http://www.historychannel.com/speeches/archive/speech_225.html |date=2005-05-07 }} and [http://www.historychannel.com/speeches/archive/speech_199.html Nazi broadcast claiming that Germany's action is an act of defense] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050404033022/http://www.historychannel.com/speeches/archive/speech_199.html |date=2005-04-04 }}

* [http://adolfhitler.ws/lib/proc/reply.html German reply] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061007164624/http://adolfhitler.ws/lib/proc/reply.html |date=2006-10-07 }} to British Government's ultimatum of [[3 September]] [[1939]]

* [http://www.ipn.gov.pl/eng/eng_vt_soviet17.html September 17, 1939 - Soviet aggression on Poland] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051125141611/http://www.ipn.gov.pl/eng/eng_vt_soviet17.html |date=2005-11-25 }}

* [http://www.svetskirat.net/istorija/poljska.htm Invasion of Poland] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071229230401/http://www.svetskirat.net/istorija/poljska.htm |date=2007-12-29 }}

[[Kategori:Konflik dalam tahun 1939]]