Asa'ib Ahl al-Haq: Perbedaan antara revisi

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{{Unreferenced}}{{Short description|Iraqikelompok Shi'aparamiliter paramilitarySyiah groupIraq}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2023}}
{{Infobox political party
| name = Asa'ib Ahl al-Haq
| native_name = {{lang|ar|عصائب أهل الحق}}
| colorcode = #B5CA7F
| logo = علم العصائب.png
| leader = [[Qais al-Khazali]]
| foundation = {{start date|2006|7}}
| international = [[Poros Perlawanan]]
| seats1_title = SeatsKursi in thedi [[Dewan Perwakilan Irak|Dewan Perwakilan]]:
| seats1 = {{Composition bar|17|329|hex=#B5CA7F}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://almasalah.com/ar/News/137446/%D9%87%D9%83%D8%B0%D8%A7-%D8%AD%D9%82%D9%82%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D9%86%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B2-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B1-%D9%85%D9%86-%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8-1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%89-15-%D9%85%D9%85%D8%AB%D9%84-%D9%84%D9%84%D8%B4%D8%B9%D8%A8-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86|title=هكذا حقّقت العصائب الإنجاز الكبير.. من نائب (1) الى (15) ممثل للشعب في البرلمان|website=almasalah.com|access-date=2020-01-04|archive-date=2018-06-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180630141249/http://almasalah.com/ar/news/137446/%D9%87%D9%83%D8%B0%D8%A7-%D8%AD%D9%82%D9%82%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D9%86%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B2-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B1-%D9%85%D9%86-%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8-1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%89-15-%D9%85%D9%85%D8%AB%D9%84-%D9%84%D9%84%D8%B4%D8%B9%D8%A8-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86|url-status=dead}}</ref>
| ideology = [[Jihad#Syiah|Jihadisme Syiah]]<br />[[Perwalian Para Ahli Hukum Islam|Wilayat al Faqih]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.aymennjawad.org/14510/iraq-who-are-asaib-ahl-al-haq-islamists|title=Iraq: Who are Asa'ib Ahl al-Haq Islamists?|first=Aymenn Jawad|last=Al-Tamimi|website=Aymenn Jawad Al-Tamimi}}</ref><br />
[[Qutbisme]]–[[Khomeinisme]]<ref>[http://www.meri-k.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/PMF-Report-0.2.pdf PMF Report] meri-k.org March 2017</ref><br />[[Mohammad Mohammad Sadeq al-Sadr|pemikiran MohammadMohammed Sadiq al-Sadr pemikir]]<ref name="israel"/><br />[[Anti-Zionisme]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ar.abna24.com/service/iraq/archive/2015/01/23/666610/story.html|title=عصائب أهل الحق تدعو حركات المقاومة برد قاس على الكيان الصهيوني|date=January 23, 2015|website=ar.abna24.com}}</ref><br />[[Anti-Amerikanisme]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mei.edu/publications/iran-backed-iraqi-groups-threaten-violence-following-us-terrorism-bill|title=Iran-Backed Iraqi Groups Threaten Violence Following U.S. Terrorism Bill|website=Middle East Institute}}</ref><br />[[Pan-Islamisme]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.annahar.com/article/168856-%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%A9-%D8%B9%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8-%D8%A7%D9%87%D9%84-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D9%82-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D9%84%D8%A7-%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%83%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89-%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%B4-%D9%85%D9%86-%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%86%D8%A9|title=''عصائب اهل الحق'' العراقية لـ''النهار'': لا يمكن الانتصار على ''داعش'' من دون السُنة|date=September 8, 2014|website=An-Nahar}}</ref><br />[[Sentimen Anti-Barat|Anti-Barat]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/view/iranian-militias-in-iraqs-parliament-political-outcomes-and-u.s.-response|title=Iranian Militias in Iraq's Parliament: Political Outcomes and U.S. Response|website=www.washingtoninstitute.org}}</ref><br />[[Anti-LGBT]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/world-changing-iraqi-lgbt-group-takes-campaign-streets|title = 'The world is changing': Iraqi LGBT group takes campaign to streets}}</ref><br />pemikiran [[Kazem al-Haeri]] pemikir<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.basnews.com/ar/babat/541349|title = الزعيم الروحي للعصائب يحرم بقاء القوات الأميركية في العراق ومخاوف من مواجهة "وشيكة"}}</ref>
| position = [[Sayap Kanan]] hinggake [[Extremis Kanan]]
| seats2_title = Seats in the [[Kegubernuran Irak|Dewan Kegubernuran]]:
| seats2 =
| colours = {{Color box|#FFFFFF|border=darkgray}} {{Color box|#B5CA7F|border=darkgray}} [[WhitePutih]], [[GreenHijau]]
| religion = [[Islam Syiah]]
| national = [[Aliansi Fatah]]
| country = Irak
}}
}}{{Infobox War Faction|name=Asa'ib Ahl al-Haq (AAH)|war=[[Perang Irak]]<br />[[Perang Saudara Irak (2014–2017)|Perang Saudara Irak]]<br />[[Perang Saudara Suriah]]|image=|caption=|active=July 2006 – present|leaders=[[Qais al-Khazali]]<br />[[Akram al-Kaabi]] (2007–2010)|clans=[[#Organisational structure|See section]]|headquarters=[[Kota Sadr]], [[Baghdad]], Iraq|area=Terutama [[Baghdad]] dan [[Irak] Selatan; juga aktif di wilayah Tengah Irak dan [[Suriah]]|spokesman=Naeem al-Aboudi<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://ahlualhaq.com/index.php/permalink/3908.html |title=موقع المقاومة الإسلامية عصائب أهل الحق - الاستاذ نعيم العبودي المتحدث باسم المكتب السياسي للمقاومة الاسلامية عصائب اهل الحق ضيف برنامج الشارع العراقي من قناة التغيير |access-date=2018-07-08 |archive-date=2018-07-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180708192001/http://ahlualhaq.com/index.php/permalink/3908.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><br />Jawad al-Talabawi (militer)<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mideast-crisis-iraq-mosul-idUSKCN0X415T|title=Iraqi Shi'ite paramilitaries say will join offensive to retake Mosul|date=April 7, 2016|via=www.reuters.com|newspaper=Reuters}}</ref>|size=10,000<ref name="counter">{{cite web|url=http://www.counterextremism.com/sites/default/files/threat_pdf/Asaib%20Ahl%20al-Haq-04072016.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160507215039/http://www.counterextremism.com/sites/default/files/threat_pdf/Asaib%20Ahl%20al-Haq-04072016.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-date=7 May 2016|title=Threat|access-date=8 June 2016}}</ref><ref name="onetime"/>|partof=[[Kelompok Khusus (Irak)|Grup Khusus]]<br />{{flagicon image|}} [[Pasukan Mobilisasi Populer]]|split_from=[[Gerakan Sadrist]] ([[Tentara Mahdi]])|successor=|allegiance={{IRQ}} (2006–present)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://cisac.fsi.stanford.edu/mappingmilitants/profiles/asaib-ahl-al-haq|title=MMP: Asa'ib Ahl al-Haq|website=cisac.fsi.stanford.edu|accessdate=9 August 2023}}</ref>|allies='''State allies'''
{{Infobox War Faction
* {{flag|Syria|size=23px}}
| name = Asa'ib Ahl al-Haq (AAH)
| war = [[Iraq War]]<br />[[Iraqi Civil War (2014–2017)|Iraqi Civil War]]<br />[[Syrian Civil War]]
| image =
| caption =
| active = Juli 2006 – sekarang
| leaders = [[Qais al-Khazali]]<br />[[Akram al-Kaabi]] (2007–2010)
| clans = [[#Organisational structure|Lihat bagian]]
| headquarters = [[Kota Sadr]], [[Baghdad]], Irak
| area =[[Baghdad]], [[Irak Selatan]], [[Wilayah Tengah Irak]] dan [[Suriah]]
| spokesman = Naeem al-Aboudi<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://ahlualhaq.com/index.php/permalink/3908.html |title=موقع المقاومة الإسلامية عصائب أهل الحق - الاستاذ نعيم العبودي المتحدث باسم المكتب السياسي للمقاومة الاسلامية عصائب اهل الحق ضيف برنامج الشارع العراقي من قناة التغيير |access-date=2018-07-08 |archive-date=2018-07-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180708192001/http://ahlualhaq.com/index.php/permalink/3908.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><br />Jawad al-Talabawi (militer)<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mideast-crisis-iraq-mosul-idUSKCN0X415T|title=Iraqi Shi'ite paramilitaries say will join offensive to retake Mosul|date=April 7, 2016|via=www.reuters.com|newspaper=Reuters}}</ref>
| size = 10,000<ref name="counter">{{cite web|url=http://www.counterextremism.com/sites/default/files/threat_pdf/Asaib%20Ahl%20al-Haq-04072016.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160507215039/http://www.counterextremism.com/sites/default/files/threat_pdf/Asaib%20Ahl%20al-Haq-04072016.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-date=7 May 2016|title=Threat|access-date=8 June 2016}}</ref><ref name="onetime"/>
| partof = [[Kelompok Khusus (Irak)|Grup Khusus]]<br />{{flagicon image|}}[[Pasukan Mobilisasi Populer]]
| split_from = [[Gerakan Sadris]] ([[Tentara Mahdi]])
| successor =
| allegiance = {{IRQ}} (2006–sekarang)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://cisac.fsi.stanford.edu/mappingmilitants/profiles/asaib-ahl-al-haq|title=MMP: Asa'ib Ahl al-Haq|website=cisac.fsi.stanford.edu|accessdate=9 August 2023}}</ref>
| allies = '''Sekutu negara'''
* {{flag|Suriah|size=23px}}
* {{flag|Iran|size=23px}}
* {{flag|RussiaRusia|size=23px}}<ref>{{Cite web|date=2023-04-26|title= The Militia-Russia Love Affair: April 2023 Update|url=https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/militia-russia-love-affair-april-2023-update|website=Washington Institute|access-date=2023-07-23}}</ref>
'''Sekutu Non-state alliesNegara'''
*{{flagicon image|Islamic Dawa Party Flag.svg}} [[Partai Dakwah Islam]] ([[Nouri al-Maliki]])<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.independentarabia.com/node/28191/|title=قيس الخزعلي... "قائد الميليشيا" الباحث عن صفة رجل السياسة|date=27 May 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://al-ain.com/article/iran-criminal-regime-asaib-ahl-al-haq-syria-iraq|title="عصائب أهل الحق".. ذراع نظام إيران الإجرامية بسوريا والعراق|date=31 October 2019}}</ref>
* {{flagicon image|Kata'ib Hezbollah sans logo.JPG}} [[Kata'ib Hizbullah]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://css.ethz.ch/en/services/digital-library/articles/article.html/9f6a70c3-fa15-4c4b-b9fe-bc4a5c7dce3f|title=News Article|website=css.ethz.ch}}</ref>
Baris 36 ⟶ 52:
*{{flagicon image|}} [[Liwa Ali al-Akbar]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://burathanews.com/arabic/reports/256357|title = تشكيل لواء علي الأكبر والبطولات التي سطرها ضد كيان "داعش" التكفيري|date = 4 January 2015}}</ref>
*{{flagdeco|IRQ}} [[Liwa Assad Allah al-Ghalib fi al-Iraq wa al-Sham|LAAG]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/view/how-iran-is-building-its-syrian-hezbollah|title = How Iran is Building Its Syrian Hezbollah}}</ref>
* {{flagdeco|BHR}} [[Saraya al-Mukhtar]] (allegeddiduga)
* {{flagdeco|BHR}} [[Brigade Al-Ashtar]] (allegeddiduga)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://middle-east-online.com/%D9%85%D8%A4%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%A9-%D9%84%D8%B6%D8%B1%D8%A8-%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%86-%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89-%D9%8A%D8%AF-%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8-%D8%AD%D8%B2%D8%A8-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82%D9%8A|title=مؤامرة لضرب استقرار البحرين على يد كتائب حزب الله العراقي|date=March 17, 2018|website=MEO|access-date=January 4, 2020|archive-date=June 10, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190610232905/https://middle-east-online.com/%D9%85%D8%A4%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%A9-%D9%84%D8%B6%D8%B1%D8%A8-%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%86-%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89-%D9%8A%D8%AF-%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8-%D8%AD%D8%B2%D8%A8-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82%D9%8A|url-status=dead}}</ref>
| opponents = '''StateNegara opponentsPenentang'''
* {{flagicon image|Flag of Multi-National Force – Iraq.png|size=23px}} [[Pasukan Multi-Nasional – Irak]]
** {{USA}}
** {{GBR}}
'''Penentang Non-state opponentsNegara'''
* {{flag|IslamicNegara StateIslam ofIrak Iraqdan and the LevantSyam}}
* {{flagicon image|Flag of al-Qaeda in Iraq (2004-2005).svg}} [[Al-Qaeda di Irak]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://ahlualhaq.com/index.php/permalink/3358.html |title=موقع المقاومة الإسلامية عصائب أهل الحق - الشهيد السعيد لـيث صـــاحب كـــــان مــــــؤمناً أن طريـــــق أهـــل الحـــق هــــــــو طريـــــــــــق الخـــــــــــــــــــــــلاص والتحــــــــــرُّر |access-date=2018-07-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180718234622/http://ahlualhaq.com/index.php/permalink/3358.html |archive-date=2018-07-18 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* {{flagdeco|[[Ba'athistathis Iraq}}Irak]] ([[Tentara Orang-Orang Tarekat Naqsybandi]])<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.alhadath.net/alhadath/iraq/2014/06/26/جيش-الطريقة-النقشبندية-لاعب-جديد-قديم-في-العراق.html|title=جيش "الطريقة النقشبندية".. لاعب جديد قديم في العراق|first=العربية|last=نت|date=June 26, 2014|website=العربية نت}}</ref>
* {{flagdeco|SyrianOposisi oppositionSuriah}} [[Tentara Pembebasan Suriah]]
* {{flagicon image|Flag of the Islamic Front (Syria) (Black).svg}} [[Barisan Islam (Suriah)|Barisan Islam]]
* {{flagicon image|Flag of the Al-Nusra Front (Variant).svg|size=23px}} [[Barisan Al-Nusra]]
* {{flagicon image|Flag of Kurdistan Workers' Party.svg}} [[Partai Pekerja Kurdistan]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ar.farsnews.ir/middle_east/news/13940924000670|title=عصائب أهل الحق العراقية: القيادة الكردية وراء إدخال عناصر الـpkk الى طوزخرماتو - وكالة انباء فارس &#124; Fars News Agency - FarsNews Agency|website=ar.farsnews.ir}}</ref>
* {{flagicon image|}} [[WhiteBendera FlagsPutih]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://baghdadtoday.news/news/36616/b|title=العصائب تقبض على 4 "انفصاليين" بينهم عنصر من الرايات البيضاء بكمين وسط كركوك|website=baghdadtoday.news|access-date=4 January 2020|archive-date=4 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200104002707/https://baghdadtoday.news/news/36616/b|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* {{flagicon image|Emblem of the Jaish al-Fatah.svg|border=}} [[Tentara Penaklukan]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.shafaaq.com/ar/Ar_NewsReader/d9930268-8546-4e15-8160-85f43c05d6ba |title="عنصر بعصائب اهل الحق يناشد للافراج عنه من جيش الفتح بحلب" |access-date=2018-08-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180822145949/http://www.shafaaq.com/ar/Ar_NewsReader/d9930268-8546-4e15-8160-85f43c05d6ba |archive-date=2018-08-22 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
| battles = [[Perang Irak]]
* [[Penggerebekan markas provinsi Karbala]]
* [[Operasi Bersama Maju]]
* [[Pengepungan Kota Sadr]]
* [[SiegePengepungan ofpangkalan U.K.Inggris bases indi Basra]]
* [[IraqPertempuran springmusim fightingsemi ofIrak tahun 2008]]
* [[Battle ofPertempuran Basra (2008)|Battle ofPertempuran Basra]]{{citation needed|date=June 2018}}
[[IraqiPerang CivilSaudara WarIrak (2014–2017)]]<ref name="bbc">{{cite web|author=Bowen, Jeremy|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-28199741|title=The fearsome Iraqi militia vowing to vanquish Isis|work=BBC News|date=7 July 2014|access-date=1 May 2016}}</ref>
* [[Siege ofPengepungan Amirli]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2014/09/us_airstrikes_in_ame.php|title=US airstrikes in Amerli supported deadly Shia terror group |work=The Long War Journal|date=2 September 2014|author=Bill Roggio|access-date=8 June 2016}}</ref><ref name="challenges">{{cite news|author=Kirkpatrick, David|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/09/17/world/middleeast/shiite-militias-pose-challenge-for-us-in-iraq.html|title=Shiite Militias Pose Challenge for U.S. in Iraq|work=The New York Times|date=10 April 2013|access-date=2 May 2016}}</ref>
* [[OperationOperasi AshuraAsyura]]<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/iraqi-forces-press-to-secure-shiite-south-ahead-of-religious-festival/2014/10/25/0b6ac5f0-6e1e-47f4-ab8d-a942c3606506_story.html|title=Iraqi forces press to secure Shiite south before religious observances believed to be target of Islamic State|newspaper=The Washington Post|access-date=8 June 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.latimes.com/world/middleeast/la-fg-shiites-iraq-new-year-20141026-story.html|title=Iraqi Shiites warily greet new year, watch for suicide bombers|work=Los Angeles Times|access-date=8 June 2016|date=2014-10-26}}</ref>
* [[Battle of Baiji (2014)]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://alahad.tv.iq/index.php/iraq/29117.html?itemID=5932|title=قناة العهد الفضائية &#124; Al Ahad TV|website=alahad.tv.iq|access-date=2020-01-04|archive-date=2020-01-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200104002344/https://alahad.tv.iq/index.php/iraq/29117.html%3FitemID%3D5932|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* [[Liberation ofPembebasan Jurf Al Sakhar]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://burathanews.com/arabic/news/241447|title=بابل تقرر إقامة حاجز ترابي شمال المحافظة وتؤكد:استشهاد 16 من عصائب اهل الحق باشتباكات في جرف الصخر|first=علي محسن|last=راضي|date=July 6, 2014|website=وكالة أنباء براثا}}</ref>
* [[SecondPertempuran BattleTikrit of TikritKedua]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2015/03/in-pictures-shiite-militias-operating-near-tikrit.php|title=In pictures: Shiite militias operating near Tikrit |work=The Long War Journal|author=Caleb Weiss|date=10 March 2015|access-date=8 June 2016}}</ref>
* [[Siege ofPengepungan Fallujah]]
* [[HawijaSerangan offensiveHawija (2017)]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2017/10/iraqi-troops-iranian-backed-militias-eject-islamic-state-from-hawija.php|title=Iraqi troops, Iranian-backed militias eject Islamic State from Hawija &#124; FDD's Long War Journal|date=October 5, 2017|website=www.longwarjournal.org}}</ref>
* [[Battle ofPertempuran Mosul (2016)]]
[[SyrianPerang CivilSaudara WarSuriah]]
* [[Battle ofPertempuran Aleppo (2012-13)|Battle ofPertempuran Aleppo]]
* [[Serangan Rif Dimashq offensive (November 2012–February2012–Februari 2013)|3rdSerangan Rif Dimashq offensiveke-3]]
* [[DamascusSerangan offensiveDamaskus (2013)|DamascusSerangan offensiveDamaskus]]
* [[Serangan Rif Dimashq offensive (March–AugustMaret–Agustus 2013)|4thSerangan Rif Dimashq offensiveke-4]]
* [[Serangan Rif Dimashq offensive (September–November 2013)|5thSerangan Rif Dimashq offensiveke-5]]
* [[AleppoSerangan offensiveAleppo (November–DecemberNovember–Desember 2016)]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2016/12/array-of-pro-syrian-government-forces-advance-in-aleppo.php|title=Array of pro-Syrian government forces advances in Aleppo &#124; FDD's Long War Journal|date=December 9, 2016|website=www.longwarjournal.org}}</ref>
* [[Serangan Abu Kamal]]
* [[2017 Abu Kamal offensive]]|designated_as_terror_group_by={{USA}}<ref name="state.gov">{{cite web|url=https://www.state.gov/state-department-terrorist-designations-of-asaib-ahl-al-haq-and-its-leaders-qays-and-laith-al-khazali/|title=State Department Terrorist Designations of Asa'ib Ahl al-Haq and Its Leaders, Qays and Laith al-Khazali|website=U.S. Department of State|date=3 January 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ar.irna.ir/news/82933205/الفتح-يستنكر-ادراج-العصائب-والنجباء-في-لائحة-الارهاب-الاميركية|title='الفتح' يستنكر ادراج العصائب والنجباء في لائحة الارهاب الاميركية|date=June 2, 2018|website=IRNA Arabic}}</ref><br />{{UAE}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.wam.ae/ar/news/emirates-arab-international/1395272465559.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141117230142/http://www.wam.ae/ar/news/emirates-arab-international/1395272465559.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=November 17, 2014|title=مجلس الوزراء يعتمد قائمة التنظيمات الإرهابية. &#124; WAM|date=November 17, 2014}}</ref>|website=http://ahlualhaq.com}}
| designated_as_terror_group_by = {{USA}}<ref name="state.gov">{{cite web|url=https://www.state.gov/state-department-terrorist-designations-of-asaib-ahl-al-haq-and-its-leaders-qays-and-laith-al-khazali/|title=State Department Terrorist Designations of Asa'ib Ahl al-Haq and Its Leaders, Qays and Laith al-Khazali|website=U.S. Department of State|date=3 January 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ar.irna.ir/news/82933205/الفتح-يستنكر-ادراج-العصائب-والنجباء-في-لائحة-الارهاب-الاميركية|title='الفتح' يستنكر ادراج العصائب والنجباء في لائحة الارهاب الاميركية|date=June 2, 2018|website=IRNA Arabic}}</ref><br />{{UAE}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.wam.ae/ar/news/emirates-arab-international/1395272465559.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141117230142/http://www.wam.ae/ar/news/emirates-arab-international/1395272465559.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=November 17, 2014|title=مجلس الوزراء يعتمد قائمة التنظيمات الإرهابية. &#124; WAM|date=November 17, 2014}}</ref>
'''Asa'ib Ahl al-Haq''' ('''AAH'''; {{lang-ar|عصائب أهل الحق}} '''Aṣaʾib ʾAhl al-Haqq''', "League of the Righteous"), also known as the '''Khazali Network''' ({{lang-ar|شبكة الخزعلي}}), is a radical Iraqi [[Shi'a]] [[political party]] and [[paramilitary]] group active in the [[Iraqi Civil War (2014–2017)|Iraqi insurgency]] and [[Syrian Civil War]].<ref>{{cite news|last1=Sly|first1=Liz|date=15 February 2015|title=Pro-Iran militias' success in Iraq could undermine U.S.|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/middle_east/iraqs-pro-iranian-shiite-militias-lead-the-war-against-the-islamic-state/2015/02/15/5bbb1cf0-ac94-11e4-8876-460b1144cbc1_story.html|newspaper=The Washington Post|access-date=10 April 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|author=al-Salhy, Suadad|date=10 April 2013|title=Iraqi Shi'ite militants start to acknowledge role in Syria|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-syria-crisis-iraq-idUSBRE9390OB20130410|work=Reuters|access-date=10 April 2015}}</ref> During the [[Iraq War]] it was known as Iraq's largest "[[Special Groups (Iraq)|Special Group]]" (the American term for [[Iran]]-backed Shia paramilitaries in Iraq), and was since 2016 part of the [[Popular Mobilization Forces]] (PMF) in the 41st, 42nd, and 43rd Brigades, cooperating with the Iraqi government in its fight against ISIS.<ref>{{cite web|title=A NEW CONTROVERSIAL ACTOR IN POST-ISIS IRAQ: AL-HASHD AL-SHAABI (THE POPULAR MOBILIZATION FORCES)|url=http://www.orsam.org.tr/en/enUploads/Article/Files/2015527_198raporengweb.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160409125339/http://www.orsam.org.tr/en/enUploads/Article/Files/2015527_198raporengweb.pdf|archive-date=2016-04-09|access-date=2016-03-29|url-status=dead}}</ref>
| website = http://ahlualhaq.com
}}
 
'''Asa'ib Ahl al-Haq''' ('''AAH'''; {{lang-ar|عصائب أهل الحق}} '''Aṣaʾib ʾAhl al-Haqq''', "Liga Orang-Orang Benar"), juga dikenal sebagai '''Jaringan Khazali''' ({{lang-ar|شبكة الخزعلي}}), adalah sebuah partai politik dan kelompok [[paramiliter]] [[Syiah]] Irak radikal yang aktif dalam [[Perang Saudara Irak (2014–2017)|pemberontakan Irak]] dan [[Perang Saudara Suriah]].<ref>{{cite news|last1=Sly|first1=Liz|title=Pro-Iran militias' success in Iraq could undermine U.S.|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/middle_east/iraqs-pro-iranian-shiite-militias-lead-the-war-against-the-islamic-state/2015/02/15/5bbb1cf0-ac94-11e4-8876-460b1144cbc1_story.html|access-date=10 April 2015|newspaper=The Washington Post|date=15 February 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|author=al-Salhy, Suadad |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-syria-crisis-iraq-idUSBRE9390OB20130410|title=Iraqi Shi'ite militants start to acknowledge role in Syria|work=Reuters|date=10 April 2013|access-date=10 April 2015}}</ref> Selama Perang Irak, kelompok ini dikenal sebagai "[[Kelompok Khusus Irak|Kelompok Khusus]]" terbesar di Irak (istilah Amerika untuk paramiliter Syiah yang didukung [[Iran]] di Irak), dan sejak tahun 2016 menjadi bagian dari [[Pasukan Mobilisasi Populer]] (PMF) di Brigade ke-41, ke-42, dan ke-43, yang bekerja sama dengan pemerintah Irak dalam memerangi ISIS.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.orsam.org.tr/en/enUploads/Article/Files/2015527_198raporengweb.pdf |title=A NEW CONTROVERSIAL ACTOR IN POST-ISIS IRAQ: AL-HASHD AL-SHAABI (THE POPULAR MOBILIZATION FORCES) |access-date=2016-03-29 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160409125339/http://www.orsam.org.tr/en/enUploads/Article/Files/2015527_198raporengweb.pdf |archive-date=2016-04-09 }}</ref>
AAH is funded, trained, equipped and guided by [[Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps|IRGC]]'s [[Quds Force]] and [[Hezbollah]].<ref>{{cite web|author=Daniel|title=Asa'ib Ahl al-Haq - Mapping Militant Organizations|url=https://web.stanford.edu/group/mappingmilitants/cgi-bin/groups/view/143|access-date=8 June 2016}}</ref><ref name="theguardian1">[https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/mar/12/iraq-battle-dead-valley-peace-syria Controlled by Iran, the deadly militia recruiting Iraq's men to die in Syria], The Guardian, 12 March 2014</ref> Members of AAH, as part of PMF, receive Iraqi government salaries{{citation needed|date=January 2020}} after the PMF units were officially integrated into Iraqi security forces in 2018.{{citation needed|date=January 2020}}
 
AAH didanai, dilatih, diperlengkapi, dan dipandu oleh [[Pasukan Quds]] [[Pengawal Revolusi Iran|IRGC]] dan [[Hizbullah (Lebanon)|Hizbullah]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://web.stanford.edu/group/mappingmilitants/cgi-bin/groups/view/143 |title=Asa'ib Ahl al-Haq - Mapping Militant Organizations |author=Daniel |access-date=8 June 2016}}</ref><ref name="theguardian1">[https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/mar/12/iraq-battle-dead-valley-peace-syria Controlled by Iran, the deadly militia recruiting Iraq's men to die in Syria], The Guardian, 12 March 2014</ref> Anggota AAH, sebagai bagian dari PMF, menerima gaji dari pemerintah Irak{{citation needed|date=January 2020}} setelah unit-unit PMF secara resmi diintegrasikan ke dalam pasukan keamanan Irak pada tahun 2018.{{citation needed|date=January 2020}}
AAH has claimed responsibility for over 6,000 attacks on [[Multi-National Force – Iraq|U.S.-led Coalition forces]] between 2006 and 2011 seeking to compel U.S. forces to withdraw completely from Iraq.<ref name="six thousand">{{cite web|title="The Insurgency," Operation New Dawn, Official Website of the United States Force-Iraq|url=http://www.usf-iraq.com/?option=com_content&task=view&id=729&Itemid=45|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129054728/http://www.usf-iraq.com/?option=com_content&task=view&id=729&Itemid=45|archive-date=29 November 2014|access-date=17 November 2014|url-status=usurped}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=September 2, 2014|title=Latest US Airstrikes In Iraq Supported A Shia Terror Group That Killed Americans|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/latest-us-airstrikes-in-iraq-supported-a-shia-terror-group-that-killed-americans-2014-9?r=US&IR=T|website=Business Insider}}</ref> The militia's main tactic was to plant [[Improvised explosive device|IEDs]] along the roads used by U.S. forces. This lethal roadside bomb killed and wounded hundreds of Coalition troops. Other tactics include sniper attacks, kidnappings, rocket and [[RPG-7|RPG]] attacks. Since 2011, AAH has assassinated Iraqi political opponents, killed civilian protesters, and continued attacks on U.S. diplomatic and military presence.<ref>{{Cite web|title=ASA’IB AHL AL-HAQQ (AAH)|url=https://www.dni.gov/nctc/ftos/aah_fto.html|website=DNI.gov}}</ref> In 2017, AAH created a party with the same name.<ref>{{Cite web|title=مدن - بالوثيقة : مفوضية الانتخابات تصدر اجازة تأسيس حزب عصائب اهل الحق - سومر نيوز|url=http://sumer.news/ar/news/18948/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D8%AB%D9%8A%D9%82%D8%A9--%D9%85%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B6%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%AA%D8%B5%D8%AF%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B2%D8%A9-%D8%AA%D8%A3%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%B3-%D8%AD%D8%B2%D8%A8-%D8%B9%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8-%D8%A7%D9%87%D9%84-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D9%82|website=sumer.news}}</ref>
 
AAH telah mengaku bertanggung jawab atas lebih dari 6.000 serangan terhadap [[Pasukan Multi-Nasional – Irak|Pasukan Koalisi pimpinan AS]] antara tahun 2006 dan 2011 yang berupaya memaksa pasukan AS untuk mundur sepenuhnya dari Irak.<ref name="six thousand">{{cite web|url=http://www.usf-iraq.com/?option=com_content&task=view&id=729&Itemid=45 |title="The Insurgency," Operation New Dawn, Official Website of the United States Force-Iraq |access-date=17 November 2014 |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129054728/http://www.usf-iraq.com/?option=com_content&task=view&id=729&Itemid=45 |archive-date=29 November 2014 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=September 2, 2014 |title=Latest US Airstrikes In Iraq Supported A Shia Terror Group That Killed Americans |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/latest-us-airstrikes-in-iraq-supported-a-shia-terror-group-that-killed-americans-2014-9?r=US&IR=T |website=Business Insider}}</ref>Taktik utama milisi adalah menanam [[Alat peledak rakitan|IED]] di sepanjang jalan yang digunakan oleh pasukan AS. Bom pinggir jalan yang mematikan ini menewaskan dan melukai ratusan tentara Koalisi. Taktik lainnya termasuk serangan penembak jitu, penculikan, serangan roket dan [[RPG-7|RPG]]. Sejak tahun 2011, AAH telah membunuh lawan politik Irak, membunuh pengunjuk rasa sipil, dan melanjutkan serangan terhadap kehadiran diplomatik dan militer AS.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ASA’IB AHL AL-HAQQ (AAH) |url=https://www.dni.gov/nctc/ftos/aah_fto.html |website=DNI.gov}}</ref>Pada tahun 2017, AAH membuat partai dengan nama yang sama.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://sumer.news/ar/news/18948/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D8%AB%D9%8A%D9%82%D8%A9--%D9%85%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B6%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%AA%D8%B5%D8%AF%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B2%D8%A9-%D8%AA%D8%A3%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%B3-%D8%AD%D8%B2%D8%A8-%D8%B9%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8-%D8%A7%D9%87%D9%84-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D9%82|title=مدن - بالوثيقة : مفوضية الانتخابات تصدر اجازة تأسيس حزب عصائب اهل الحق - سومر نيوز|website=sumer.news}}</ref>
 
Pada tanggal 3 Januari 2020, [[Departemen Luar Negeri Amerika Serikat|U.S. Departemen Luar Negeri]] mengumumkan niatnya untuk menunjuk AAH sebagai [[organisasi teroris]] bersama dengan dua pemimpinnya,<ref name=USsanctions>{{cite web |url=https://www.jpost.com/Breaking-News/US-sanctions-Iraqs-Asaib-Ahl-al-Haq-group-says-it-is-an-Iran-proxy-613034|title=US sanctions Iraq's Asaib Ahl al-Haq group, says it is an Iran proxy|website=The Jerusalem Post|date=3 January 2020}}</ref> [[Qais al-Khazali]] dan saudaranya Laith al-Khazali, yang ditetapkan sebagai [[Teroris Global yang Ditunjuk Khusus]] (SDGT).<ref name=USsecurity/>
 
==Sejarah==
Asa'ib Ahl al-Haq memisahkan diri dari [[Gerakan Sadrist]] pada tahun 2004.<ref name="six thousand"/>[[Qais al-Khazali]] berpisah dari [[Tentara Mahdi]] milik [[Muqtada al-Sadr]] setelah [[pertempuran musim semi Irak tahun 2004|pemberontakan Syiah pada tahun 2004]] untuk menciptakan jaringan Khazali sendiri. Ketika Tentara Mahdi menandatangani gencatan senjata dengan pemerintah dan Amerika dan pertempuran berhenti, Khazali terus berperang, dan selama pertempuran tersebut Khazali sudah mengeluarkan perintahnya sendiri kepada milisi tanpa persetujuan Muqtada al-Sadr. Namun, kepemimpinan kelompok tersebut (yang mencakup Khazali, [[Abd al-Hadi al-Darraji]] (seorang politisi dalam [[Gerakan Sadr]] Muqtada al-Sadr) dan [[Akram al-Kaabi]]), berdamai dengan al -Sadr pada pertengahan tahun 2005. Pada bulan Juli 2006, Asa'ib Ahl al-Haq didirikan dan menjadi salah satu Kelompok Khusus yang beroperasi lebih independen dari Tentara Mahdi lainnya. Ini menjadi organisasi yang sepenuhnya independen setelah pembubaran Tentara Mahdi setelah [[pertempuran musim semi Irak tahun 2008|pemberontakan Syiah 2008]].<ref name="Khazali">{{Cite web|url=http://www.understandingwar.org/files/reports/Asaib%20Ahl%20al%20Haq%20and%20the%20Khazali%20Special%20Groups%20Network.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100401094654/http://www.understandingwar.org/files/reports/Asaib%20Ahl%20al%20Haq%20and%20the%20Khazali%20Special%20Groups%20Network.pdf|url-status=dead|title=Asaib Ahl al Haq and the Khazali Special Groups Network|archive-date=April 1, 2010}}</ref> Pada bulan Juli 2006, sebagian dari AAH bertempur bersama [[Hizbullah]] dalam [[Perang Lebanon 2006]] melawan [[Israel]].<ref name="israel" /> Pada bulan November 2008 ketika Sadr membentuk [[Brigade Hari yang Dijanjikan]] untuk menggantikan Tentara Mahdi, dia meminta AAH (dan Kelompok Khusus lainnya) untuk bergabung, namun mereka menolak.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.zimbio.com/War+in+Iraq/articles/3427/Iraq+Promised+Day+Brigade+reforming+Shiite |title=Iraq's 'Promised Day Brigade' - the reforming of the Shiite Militia |date=15 November 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120928111808/http://www.zimbio.com/War%2Bin%2BIraq/articles/3427/Iraq%2BPromised%2BDay%2BBrigade%2Breforming%2BShiite |archive-date=28 September 2012 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
 
AAH telah mengaku bertanggung jawab atas lebih dari 6.000 serangan di Irak<ref name="six thousand" /> termasuk [[Forward Operating Base Falcon#10 Oktober 2006 serangan|Serangan 10 Oktober 2006 di Camp Falcon]], pembunuhan komandan militer Amerika di [[Kegubernuran Najaf|Najaf]], [[Westland Lynx#Operasional sejarah|6 Mei 2006 jatuhnya helikopter Lynx Inggris]] dan [[Operasi Pemberlakuan Hukum#Serangan terhadap duta besar Polandia|3 Oktober 2007 serangan terhadap duta besar Polandia]].<ref name="Kabi">{{cite news |url=http://www.jamestown.org/single/?no_cache=1&tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=36035&tx_ttnews%5BbackPid%5D=7&cHash=269888a9c9|title=The People of Righteousness: Iraq's Shi'a Insurgents Issue Demands for Hostages|newspaper=Jamestown |publisher=The Jamestown Foundation|access-date=17 November 2014}}</ref> Namun, serangan mereka yang paling terkenal adalah [[penggerebekan markas provinsi Karbala]] pada tanggal 20 Januari 2007, di mana mereka menyusup ke kantor Angkatan Darat AS di [[Karbala]], membunuh satu tentara, kemudian menculik dan membunuh empat tentara Amerika lainnya. Setelah penggerebekan tersebut, militer AS melancarkan tindakan keras terhadap AAH dan dalang penyerbuan tersebut [[Azhar al-Dulaimi]] terbunuh di Bagdad, sementara sebagian besar pemimpin kelompok tersebut termasuk saudara Qais dan [[Laith al-Khazali]] dan warga Lebanon Anggota [[Hizbullah]] [[Ali Musa Daqduq]] yang merupakan penasihat Khazali bertanggung jawab atas hubungan mereka dengan Hizbullah. Setelah penangkapan tersebut pada tahun 2007, Akram al-Kaabi, yang menjadi komandan militer Tentara Mahdi hingga Mei 2007, memimpin organisasi tersebut.<ref name="Khazali" /> Pada bulan Mei 2007, AAH menculik pakar IT Inggris [[Peter Moore (konsultan komputer)|Peter Moore]] dan empat pengawalnya. Mereka menuntut pembebasan seluruh pejuang mereka yang dipenjarakan oleh pemerintah Irak dan militer AS sebagai imbalan atas pembebasannya.{{citation needed|date=August 2021}} Keempat pengawalnya tewas, namun Moore sendiri dibebaskan ketika pemimpin AAH Qais al-Khazali dibebaskan pada Januari 2010.<ref>{{cite web|author=Martin TChulov|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/jan/03/qais-al-khazali-cleric-freed-alan-mcmenemy-body|title=Cleric freed in move expected to prompt handover of kidnapped Briton's body|work=The Guardian|date=3 January 2010|access-date=25 April 2014}}</ref> Sebelum pembebasan Qazali, pasukan keamanan telah membebaskan lebih dari 100 anggota kelompok tersebut termasuk Laith al-Khazali.<ref>{{cite web|author=Bill Roggio |url=http://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2009/10/iraqi_police_detain_1.php|title=Iraqi police detain Hezbollah Brigades leader|work=The Long War Journal|date=1 October 2009|access-date=25 April 2014}}</ref> Pada tahun 2008 banyak pejuang dan pemimpin kelompok tersebut melarikan diri ke Iran setelah Tentara Irak diizinkan untuk mengambil kembali kendali [[Kota Sadr]] dan Tentara Mahdi dibubarkan. Di sini sebagian besar pejuang dilatih kembali dalam taktik baru. Hal ini mengakibatkan jeda besar dalam aktivitas kelompok dari Mei hingga Juli 2008.<ref name="Khazali"/>
 
Pada bulan Februari 2010, AAH menculik warga sipil Departemen Pertahanan Issa T. Salomi, seorang warga Amerika yang dinaturalisasi dari Irak. Ini adalah penculikan orang asing tingkat tinggi pertama di Irak sejak penculikan Peter Moore (yang juga dilakukan oleh AAH). Salomi dibebaskan pada Maret 2010 sebagai ganti empat militan AAH yang ditahan di Irak.<ref>{{cite web|author=Julie Watson |url=http://www.utsandiego.com/news/2010/aug/12/ap-interview-us-contractor-recounts-kidnapping/|title=San Diego man recounts Iraq kidnapping|publisher=UT San Diego|date=12 August 2010 |access-date=25 April 2014}}</ref> Total 450 anggota AAH telah diserahkan dari AS ke tahanan Irak sejak penculikan Peter Moore, lebih dari 250 di antaranya telah dibebaskan oleh pihak berwenang Irak.<ref>[[The Washington Post]] [https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/03/03/AR2010030303674.html U.S. failure to neutralize Shiite militia in Iraq threatens to snarl pullout]</ref>
 
Pada 21 Juli 2010 Jenderal Ray Odierno mengatakan Iran mendukung tiga kelompok ekstremis Syiah di Irak yang berusaha menyerang pangkalan AS. Salah satu kelompoknya adalah AAH dan dua lainnya adalah Brigade Hari Perjanjian dan Ketaib Hizbullah.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5jCA6iGhsEI3i-z4hAG8Z2Cu4kV3Q |title= AFP: Iran supports three insurgent groups in Iraq: US general|website=www.google.com |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140219161827/https://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5jCA6iGhsEI3i-z4hAG8Z2Cu4kV3Q |archive-date=February 19, 2014}}</ref>
 
Pada bulan Desember 2010 dilaporkan bahwa komandan milisi Syiah yang terkenal seperti [[Abu Deraa]] dan [[Abu Mustafa al-Sheibani|Mustafa al-Sheibani]] kembali dari Iran untuk bekerja dengan AAH.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.upi.com/Top_News/Special/2010/12/23/In-Iraq-Irans-Special-Groups-to-flourish/UPI-41341293124172/|title=In Iraq, Iran's Special Groups to flourish|publisher=UPI|date=23 December 2010|access-date=25 April 2014}}</ref> Iranian [[Grand Ayatollah]] [[Kazem al-Haeri]] was identified as the group's spiritual leader.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ctc.usma.edu/posts/religious-allegiances-among-pro-iranian-special-groups-in-iraq |title=Religious Allegiances among Pro-Iranian Special Groups in Iraq|access-date=17 November 2014}}</ref>
 
Pada bulan Agustus dan September 2012, AAH memulai kampanye poster di mana mereka mendistribusikan lebih dari 20.000 poster [[Pemimpin Tertinggi Iran|Pemimpin Tertinggi]] [[Ayatollah]] [[Sayyid]] [[Ali Khamenei]] di seluruh Irak. Seorang pejabat senior di pemerintah daerah Bagdad mengatakan para pekerja kota takut menurunkan poster-poster tersebut karena takut akan pembalasan dari milisi AAH.<ref>[[Yahoo News]] [https://news.yahoo.com/iran-ayatollah-poster-boy-influence-iraq-062142717.html?_esi=1 Iran ayatollah is poster boy for influence in Iraq], September 25, 2012</ref>
 
Pada bulan Juli 2014, milisi AAH membunuh 29 pelacur di lingkungan [[Zayouna]] Bagdad.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Beck |first=John |date=August 2, 2014 |title=Inside the Baghdad Brothel Massacre |url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/wjykxw/inside-the-baghdad-brothel-massacre |website=VICE News}}</ref>
 
===Protes Irak, 2018–sekarang===
Pada akhir tahun 2018, protes di [[Basra, Irak]] menyebabkan beberapa organisasi terkait Iran menjadi sasaran.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://calrev.org/2018/10/10/iraqis-burn-iranian-consulate/|title=IRAQIS SET IRANIAN CONSULATE ABLAZE |last=Genin |first=Aaron |date=2018-10-10|website=The California Review|language=en-US|access-date=2019-04-11}}</ref> Kerusakan yang diakibatkan pengunjuk rasa antara lain beberapa kantor AAH yang dibakar.<ref name=":0" />
Selama [[protes Irak 2019–2021|protes di Irak]] pada tahun 2019, Pasukan Quds mengerahkan Asa'ib Ahl al-Haq (AAH) untuk menekan demonstrasi dengan menembakkan peluru tajam ke arah para demonstran untuk menebar teror di kalangan warga sipil Irak. Salah satu insiden kekerasan terjadi pada bulan Oktober 2019 ketika militan AAH menembaki pengunjuk rasa yang mencoba membakar kantor kelompok tersebut di [[Nasiriya|Nasiriyah]], menewaskan sedikitnya sembilan dari mereka.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.jpost.com/Breaking-News/One-person-dead-in-Baghdad-anti-government-protests-605798|title=At least 40 killed as fresh anti-government protests engulf Iraq|website=The Jerusalem Post &#124; JPost.com}}</ref>
 
Pada tanggal 3 Januari 2020, Departemen Luar Negeri Amerika Serikat mengumumkan niatnya untuk menetapkan AAH sebagai [[organisasi teroris]] (FTO) asing bersama dengan dua pemimpinnya.<ref name=USsanctions/> [[Qais al-Khazali]] dan saudaranya [[Laith al-Khazali]] ditetapkan sebagai [[Teroris Global yang Ditunjuk Khusus]].<ref name="state.gov"/><ref name=USsecurity>{{cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-iraq-security-usa-designation/us-to-designate-iran-backed-iraqi-militia-as-foreign-terrorist-organization-idUSKBN1Z220Y|title=U.S. to designate Iran-backed Iraqi militia as foreign terrorist organization|website=Reuters|date=3 January 2020}}</ref> Sanksi tersebut dijatuhkan mengingat penindasan kekerasan terhadap protes sipil di Irak oleh Asa’ib Ahl al-Haq.
 
==Perang Saudara Suriah==
<!-- Deleted image removed: [[File:Asa'ib Ahl al-Haq fighters.png|thumb|200px|left|Fighters belonging to Asa'ib Ahl al-Haq.]] -->
Cabang AAH [[Suriah]]n disebut '''Brigade Haidar al-Karar''', dan dipimpin oleh Akram al-Kaabi, pemimpin militer AAH yang ditempatkan di [[Aleppo]].<ref name="syrianwar">{{cite web|author=Omar al-Jaffal|url=http://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2013/10/iraqi-shiites-join-syrian-war.html |title=Iraqi Shiites join Syria war|publisher=Al-Monitor|date=29 October 2013|access-date=25 April 2014}}</ref> al-Kaabi juga merupakan pendiri dan pemimpin kelompok militan [[Harakat Hizbullah al-Nujaba]].
 
Kelompok ini awalnya bertempur di bawah bendera [[Brigade al-Abbas]] (organisasi campuran Syiah Suriah, Irak, dan Lebanon), namun terpecah pada tahun 2014 menyusul perselisihan dengan pejuang asal Suriah yang merupakan anggota al-Abbas.<ref name="syrianwar"/><ref name=reuters19062013>{{cite news|title=Iraqi Shi'ites flock to Assad's side as sectarian split widens |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSBRE95I0ZA20130619 |publisher=Reuters|date=19 June 2013|access-date=18 September 2014}}</ref> Seperti paramiliter Syiah Irak lainnya di Suriah, mereka berperang untuk mempertahankan [[Masjid Sayyidah Zaynab|Kuil Sayyidah Zainab]].<ref name="theguardian1"/>
 
==Pemilu Irak==
 
AAH mengambil bagian dalam [[pemilihan parlemen Irak 2014]] sebagai bagian dari Blok Al-Sadiqoun. Pertemuan pemilihan umum yang dihadiri sekitar 100.000 pendukung Al-Sadiqoun dirusak oleh kekerasan ketika serangkaian bom meledak pada rapat umum kampanye yang diadakan di Stadion Industri di Baghdad timur yang menewaskan sedikitnya 37 orang dan melukai banyak lainnya, menurut polisi Irak.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2014/04/deadly-blasts-hit-election-rally-iraq-201442516227496322.html|title=Dozens killed as blasts hit Iraq poll rally|publisher=Al Jazeera English|date=25 April 2014|access-date=25 April 2014}}</ref> Pengurus kelompok tersebut berencana mengumumkan pada rapat umum tersebut nama-nama kandidatnya untuk pemilihan parlemen. Pada pemilu tersebut, Blok Al-Sadiquun hanya memenangkan satu kursi dari 328 kursi di Parlemen Irak.
 
AAH mengambil bagian dalam [[pemilihan parlemen Irak 2018]] sebagai bagian dari Aliansi Fatah.
 
==Kekuatan==
<!-- Deleted image removed: [[File:Asa'ib Ahl al-Haq fighters.jpg|thumb|200px|left|Fighters belonging to Asa'ib Ahl al-Haq.]] -->
Kekuatan AAH diperkirakan sekitar 3.000 pejuang pada bulan Maret 2007.<ref name="strength">[[Fox News]] [http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,260383,00.html Insurgents Who Killed Five GIs in Brazen Karbala Attack Captured]</ref> Pada pertengahan tahun 2008, [[Pasukan Multi-Nasional – Irak|Pasukan Multinasional-Irak]] menolak untuk memberikan perkiraan mengenai besarnya AAH, namun mencatat bahwa “jumlah mereka telah berkurang secara signifikan karena ratusan orang telah ditangkap, dibunuh, melarikan diri. atau menyerah begitu saja pada gaya hidup kriminal mereka.”<ref>{{Cite web|date=20 August 2008|title=New Special Groups splinter emerges on Iraqi scene|url=https://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2008/08/new_special_groups_s.php|url-status=live|website=FDD's Long War Journal|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080823163959/http://www.longwarjournal.org:80/archives/2008/08/new_special_groups_s.php |archive-date=2008-08-23 }}</ref> Namun pada bulan Juli 2011, para pejabat memperkirakan terdapat kurang dari 1.000 anggota milisi AAH yang tersisa di Irak.<ref name="militias"/> Kelompok ini diduga menerima uang tunai dan senjata senilai $5 juta setiap bulan dari Iran.<ref name="militias">{{cite web|url=http://iran-times.com/us-officials-name-3-iraqi-militias-armed-by-iran-to-kill-yanks/|title=US officials name 3 Iraqi militias armed by Iran to kill Yanks|work=Iran Times|date=7 July 2011 |access-date=17 November 2014}}</ref> Pada bulan Januari 2012, setelah penarikan Amerika dari Irak pada bulan Desember 2011, Qais al-Khazali menyatakan Amerika Serikat telah dikalahkan dan sekarang kelompok tersebut siap untuk melucuti senjatanya dan bergabung dalam proses politik.<ref>[http://news.nationalpost.com/2012/01/05/iraq-shiite-militia-pledges-to-lay-down-arms/ Iraq Shi’ite militia says U.S. has ‘failed,’ pledges to lay down arms in wake of Sunni bombings], ''National Post'', January 5, 2012</ref>
 
Sejak awal [[Perang Saudara Irak (2014–2017)|perang Irak melawan ISIL]], AAH telah berkembang menjadi sekitar 10.000 anggota<ref name="counter"/><ref name="onetime">{{cite web|author=Hilburn, Matthew|url=http://www.voanews.com/content/qais-khazali-onetime-us-prisoner-now-key-in-battling-islamic-state/2679431.html|title=One-time US Prisoner Now Key in Battling IS|work=BBC News|date=15 March 2015|access-date=2 May 2016}}</ref> dan digambarkan sebagai salah satu anggota paling kuat dari [[Pasukan Mobilisasi Populer (Irak)|Pasukan Mobilisasi Populer]].<ref name="bbc"/><ref name="challenges"/><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.arabamericannews.com/news/news/id_12057/Iraqs-Popular-Mobilization-Forces-will-join-offensive-to-retake-Mosul.html|title=Iraq's Popular Mobilization Forces will join offensive to retake Mosul|access-date=8 June 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160713101846/http://www.arabamericannews.com/news/news/id_12057/Iraqs-Popular-Mobilization-Forces-will-join-offensive-to-retake-Mosul.html|archive-date=13 July 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> Mereka telah merekrut ratusan pejuang Sunni untuk berperang melawan ISIS.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.middleeasteye.net/news/iraqi-sunnis-join-shiite-militias-fight-militants-520291754|title=Iraqi Sunnis join Shia militias to fight IS militants |access-date=8 June 2016}}</ref>
 
==Pendanaan==
Kelompok ini menerima dana, pelatihan, senjata dan bimbingan dari [[Pengawal Revolusi]]' [[Pasukan Quds]] milik [[Iran]] serta kelompok [[Lebanon|Lebanon]] [[Hizbullah]] yang didukung Iran . Pada bulan Maret 2007, Iran menyediakan senjata dan dukungan keuangan senilai $750.000 hingga $3 juta kepada jaringan tersebut setiap bulannya. [[Abu Mustafa al-Sheibani]], mantan anggota [[Brigade Badr]] yang menjalankan jaringan penyelundupan penting yang dikenal sebagai [[Jaringan Sheibani]] memainkan peran penting dalam memasok kelompok tersebut. Kelompok tersebut juga disuplai oleh jaringan penyelundupan yang dipimpin oleh [[Ahmad Sajad al-Gharawi]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.irantracker.org/military-activities/irans-hard-power-influence-iraq|title=Iran's Hard Power Influence in Iraq|access-date=17 November 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141116121150/http://www.irantracker.org/military-activities/irans-hard-power-influence-iraq|archive-date=16 November 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> seorang mantan komandan [[Tentara Mahdi]], sebagian besar aktif di [[Kegubernuran Maysan]].<ref>''[[The New York Times]]'' [https://www.nytimes.com/2007/03/27/world/middleeast/27weapons.html?pagewanted=2 "The Struggle For Iraq"], 27 March 2007</ref>
 
==Struktur Organisasi==
Pada tahun 2006 AAH memiliki setidaknya empat cabang operasional utama:<ref name="Khazali" />
* [[Brigade Imam al-Ali]] – Bertanggung jawab atas '''Irak Selatan''' (9 kegubernuran Syiah di Irak: [[Kegubernuran Babil|Babil]], [[Kegubernuran Basra|al-Basrah]], [ Kegubernuran Dhi Qar|Dhi Qar]], [[Kegubernuran Karbala|al-Karbala]], [[Kegubernuran Maysan|Maysan]], [[Kegubernuran Al Muthanna|al-Muthanna]], [[Kegubernuran Najaf|an Najaf] ] , [[Kegubernuran Al-Qādisiyyah]] dan [[Kegubernuran Wasit]]s)
* [[Brigade Imam al-Kazem]] – Bertanggung jawab atas '''[[Karkh|Baghdad Barat]]''' (terutama [[Kadhimiya]] Syiah dan [[Al Rashid, Bagdad|Al Rashid] ] distrik tetapi juga beberapa kegiatan kecil di distrik campuran Karkh dan sebagian besar [[Sunni]] [[distrik Mansour]])
* The {{flagicon image|Flag of the Imam Ali al-Hadi Battalion.svg|size=23px}} [[Brigade Imam al-Hadi]] – Bertanggung jawab atas '''[[Al-Rusafa, Irak|Baghdad Timur]]''' (terutama distrik Syiah Thawra, [[Baghdad Baru|Nissan]] dan [[Karrada]] tetapi dengan beberapa aktivitas kecil di distrik campuran Rusafa dan distrik [[Adhamiyah]] yang mayoritas penduduknya Sunni)
* [[Brigade Iman al-Askari]] – Bertanggung jawab atas '''Irak Tengah''' (terutama aktif di wilayah Syiah di [[Kegubernuran Diyala|Diyala]] Selatan, [[Samarra]] Kota (di [[ Kegubernuran Salah ad-Din]]) dan beberapa daerah kantong Syiah di Kegubernuran [[Kegubernuran Niniwe|Nineveh]] dan [[Kegubernuran Kirkuk|Kirkuk]]
* Brigade Haidar al-Karar – Bertanggung jawab atas [[Suriah]], terutama [[Damaskus]] Selatan dan [[Aleppo] Barat].<ref name="syrianwar" />
 
===Yang lain===
* Brigade ke-41<ref name="numbers">{{Cite web |url=http://www.rubincenter.org/2017/10/hashd-brigade-numbers-index/ |title=Hashd Brigade Numbers Index |access-date=2018-07-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180717153927/http://www.rubincenter.org/2017/10/hashd-brigade-numbers-index/ |archive-date=2018-07-17 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* Brigade ke-42 Quwat Liwa al-Shaheed al-Qa'id Abu Mousa al-Amiri<ref name="numbers" />
* Brigade ke-43<ref name="numbers" />
 
==Lihat Juga==
{{Portal|Islam Syiah|Irak|Asia|Perang}}
* [[Alahad TV]] (saluran dimiliki dan dioperasikan oleh Asa'ib Ahl al-Haq)
* [[Pihak yang berperang dalam Perang Saudara Suriah]]
* [[Daftar Organisasi Teroris Asing Departemen Luar Negeri Amerika Serikat|U.S. Daftar Organisasi Teroris Asing Departemen Luar Negeri]]
* [[Daftar kelompok bersenjata dalam Perang Saudara Irak]]
* [[Milisi swasta di Irak]]
* [[Pembela Kuil Suci]]
 
On 3 January 2020, the [[United States Department of State|U.S. Department of State]] announced its intent to designate AAH a [[terrorist organization]] along with two of its leaders,<ref name="USsanctions">{{cite web|date=3 January 2020|title=US sanctions Iraq's Asaib Ahl al-Haq group, says it is an Iran proxy|url=https://www.jpost.com/Breaking-News/US-sanctions-Iraqs-Asaib-Ahl-al-Haq-group-says-it-is-an-Iran-proxy-613034|website=The Jerusalem Post}}</ref> [[Qais al-Khazali]] and his brother Laith al-Khazali, who were designated [[Specially Designated Global Terrorist|Specially Designated Global Terrorists]] (SDGT).<ref name="USsecurity" />
==Referensi==
{{reflist}}
 
[[Kategori:Partai politik di Suriah]]