Bahadur Shah II: Perbedaan antara revisi

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(16 revisi perantara oleh 11 pengguna tidak ditampilkan)
Baris 1:
{{Rujukan|date=Oktober 2023}}{{Infobox royalty
| name = Bahadur Shah Zafar
| title =
Baris 12:
|Other titles =Al-Sultan al-Azam wal Khaqan ab al-Mukarram Hazrat Abul Muzaffar Muhiuddin Muhammad Aurangzeb Bahadur Alamgir I, Padshah Ghazi, Shahanshah-e-Sultanat Ul Hindiya Wal Mughaliya, Imperial Mansabdar of 50,000, Subahdar dari [[Deccan]] (1636–1644 dan 1652–1658), Subahdar dari [[Gujarat]] (1645–1647), Subahdar dari [[Balkh]] (1647), Subahdar dari [[Multan]] (1648–1652), Subahdar dari [[Sindh]] (1649–1652)
|spouses =Ashraf Mahal<br />Akhtar Mahal<br />[[Zinat Mahal]]<br />Taj Mahal
|full name =Abu'l ZafarMuzaffar SirajuddinSiraj-ud-din Muhammad Bahadur Shah ZafarII
|house = [[dinasti Timuriyah|Timuriyah]]
|dynasty = [[dinasti Timuriyah|TimuriyahTimurid]]
|father = [[Akbar Shah II]]
|mother = Lal Bai
Baris 24:
|place of burial = Rangoon, [[Burma Britania|India Britania]](sekarang di Myanmar)
|religion = [[Islam]], [[Sufisme]]
|birth_name = Shahzada Mirza Abu Zafar Muhammad Bahadur
|}}
'''Mirza Abu Zafar Sirajuddin Muhammad Bahadur Shah Zafar ('''{{lang-ur|{{Nastaliq|ابو ظفر سراجُ الدین محمد بہادر شاہ ظفر}}}}, 24 OctoberOktober 1775 – 7 November 1862), juga dikenal sebagai ''Bahadur Shah Zafar'' ({{lang-ur|{{Nastaliq|بہادر شاہ دوم}}}}), adalah [[kekaisaran Mughal|kaisar Mughal]] terakhir dan anggota [[Dinasti Timuriyah]]. Ia adalah putra dari [[Akbar Shah II]] dan Lal Bai, seorang [[Hindu]] [[Rajput]]. Ia menjadi kaisar Mughal ketika ayahnya meninggal pada 28 September 1837.[[Berkas:Bahadur Shah Zafar.jpg|al=Bahadur Shah Zafar pada tahun 1858, tepat setelah persidangannya dan sebelum keberangkatannya ke pengasingan di Burma.|kiri|jmpl|204x204px|[[Bahadur Shah Zafar]] pada tahun 1858, tepat setelah [[Durbar|persidangannya]] dan sebelum keberangkatannya ke pengasingan di Burma.]]Akhir kekuasaannya berakhir ditandai dengan Pengepungan Delhi yang menyebabkan [[Pemberontakan di India 1857|Pemberontakan Sepoy di India 1857]], Ketika pemberontakan meletus, resimen [[Sepoy]] mencapai [[Durbar|Pengadilan Mughal]] di Delhi. Karena pandangan netralnya tentang agama, banyak raja dan resimen India menerima dan menyatakan dia sebagai Kaisar India untuk memimpin perlawanan. Ketika kemenangan Inggris didepan mata, dirinya berlindung di Makam [[Humayun]], di daerah yang saat itu berada di pinggiran Delhi. Pasukan kompi yang dipimpin oleh Mayor William Hodson mengepung makam itu dan menangkapnya pada 20 September 1857. Keesokan harinya, Hodson menembak putra-putranya Mirza Mughal dan Mirza Khizr Sultan dan cucunya Mirza Abu Bakht di Khooni Darwaza, dekat Gerbang Delhi. Kaisar akhirnya turun tahta dan diasingkan ke [[Myanmar|Burma]] (Myanmar) hingga kematiannya dalam pengasingan. [[Kesultanan Mughal|Kekaisaran Mughal]] dihapuskan dan diambil alih langsung oleh [[Imperium Britania|Inggris]] dengan mendirikan [[Kemaharajaan Britania]] di India.
 
Pada tahun 1862, pada usia 87, ia dilaporkan menderita beberapa penyakit. Pada bulan Oktober, kondisinya memburuk. Ia meninggal pada hari Jumat, 7 November 1862. dimakamkan di dekat Pagoda Shwe Degon di Ziwaka Road, dekat persimpangan dengan jalan Pagoda Shwe Degon, [[Yangon]].
 
== Keluarga ==
'''Ayah'''
* [[Akbar Shah II]]
'''Ibu'''
* Lal Bai
'''Permaisuri'''<br>''Padshah Begum''
# Malika-i-Zamani, Nawab Zinat Mahal Begum Sahiba<br>putri Nawab Ahmad Quli Khan Bahadur, Muzaffar Jang.
'''Ratu'''
# Nawab Zakiat-un-Nissa Begum Sahiba<br>putri Shahzada Mirza Muhammad Sulaiman Shikoh Bahadur.
# Nawab Taj Mahal Begum Sahiba<br>
# Nawab Sharafat-ul-Mahal Begum Sahiba<br>keturunan Abdullah Shah Ghazi, [[Ahlul Bait]] dari garis keturunan [[Hasan bin Ali]].
# Nawab Musahib Mahal Begum Sahiba
# Nawab Nur Mahal Begum Sahiba
# Nawab Azmat Mahal Begum Sahiba
# Nawab Akhtar Mahal Begum Sahiba
'''Selir'''<br>
# Rahim Baksh Bai
# Moti Bai
# Khayum Bai
# Daulat Qadam
# Afzal-un-Nissa Khanum
# Raj-un-Nissa Khawas
# Mubarak-un-Nissa Khanum
# Islam-un-Nissa
# Sujjan Bai
# Dilruba
# Ishrat
# Aram-un-Nissa
# Dil Aram
# Sultan Bai
# Ashraf-un-Nissa
(dan lainnya)
<br><br>'''Anak'''
# Shahzada Muhammad Dara Bakht, Miran Shah, Wali Ahad Bahadur<br>juga dikenal sebagai Mirza Shubu Sahib.
# Shahzada Mirza Muhammad Shahrukh Bahadur<br>
# Fath-ul-Mulk, Shahzada Mirza Muhammad Sultan Shah, Firoze Jang, Wali Ahad Bahadur<br>lahir dari Rahim Baksh Bai, juga dikenal sebagai Mirza Fakhru.
# Shahzada Mirza Muhammad Kaimuraz Sultan Bahadur
# Shahzada Mirza Muhammad Sultan Farkhunda Shah Bahadur<br>juga dikenal sebagai Mirza Bulaqi Sahib.
# Shahzada Mirza Daud Bahadur
# Shahzada Mirza Sultan Parviz Bahadur
# Shahzada Sultan Muhammad Zahir-ud-din, Sahib-i-Alam<br>lahir dari Sharafat-ul-Mahal, juga dikenal sebagai Mirza Mughal.
# Shahzada Mirza Muhammad Khuraish Shikoh Bahadur<br>lahir dari Moti Begum.
# Shahzada Mirza Muhammad 'Abdu'l Hasan Bahadur<br>lahir dari Khayum Bai, juga dikenal sebagai Mirza 'Abdullah.
# Haji Mirza Sultan Muhammad Suhrab Hindi Bahadur<br>lahir dari Daulat Qadam.
# Shahzada Mirza 'Abu Nasir Bahadur<br>lahir dari Moti Begum.
# Shahzada Mirza Ulugh Tahir Bahadur<br>lahir dari Afzal-un-Nissa Khanum.
# Shahzada Mirza Khwaja Sultan Bahadur
# Shahzada Mirza Khair-ud-din Muhammad, Khizr Sultan Bahadur<br>lahir dari Rahim Baksh Bai.
# Shahzada Mirza Muhammad Fahim-ud-din Bahadur
# Shahzada Mirza Abu Bakar, Bakhtawar Shah Bahadur<br>lahir dari Raj-un Khawas.
# Shahzada Mirza Muhammad Jawan Bakht Bahadur<br>lahir dari Zinat Mahal.
# Shahzada Mirza Khucuk Muhammad Sultan Bahadur<br>lahir dari Afzal-un-Nissa Khanam.
# Shahzada Mirza Shah Abbas Bahadur<br>lahir dari Mubarak-un-Nissa Khanum.
# Shahzada Mirza Sher Shah Bahadur
# Shahzadi Kashifa Sultan Begum Sahiba
# Nawab Rafa'at-uz-Zamani Begum Sahiba
# Nawab Amir-uz-Zamani Begum Sahiba
# Shahzadi Mubarak-un-Nissa Begum Sahiba
# Barati Begum
# Sahib Begum
# Makholi Begum
# Nawab Dabir-uz-Zamani Begum Sahiba
# Nawab Hasan-uz-Zamani Begum Sahiba
# Nawab Khursid-uz-Zamani Begum Sahiba
# Shahzadi Hamid-un-Nissa Begum Sahiba<br>kemudian dikenal sebagai Nawab Hamid-uz-Zamani Begum Sahiba setelah menikah dengan Mirza Khuda Bakhsh Bahadur.
(dan lainnya)
 
== Lihat pula ==
Baris 40 ⟶ 108:
* {{cite book|title=''The Trial of Bahadur Shah Zafar''|author= H L O Garrett|publisher= Roli Books|year=2007|isbn=8174365842|url=|ref= }}
* {{cite book|author=K. C. Kanda|title=Bahadur Shah Zafar and His Contemporaries: Zauq, Ghalib, Momin, Shefta : Selected Poetry|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=mD2-fatW9DAC|year=2007|publisher=Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd|isbn=978-81-207-3286-5}}
* {{cite book|author=S. Mahdi Husain|title=Bahadur Shah Zafar; And the War of 1857 in Delhi|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=nUNprZiD3GsCy|year=2006|publisher=Aakar Books|isbn=978-81-87879-91-6}}{{Pranala mati|date=September 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
 
* {{cite book|author=S. Mahdi Husain|title=Bahadur Shah Zafar; And the War of 1857 in Delhi|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=nUNprZiD3GsCy|year=2006|publisher=Aakar Books|isbn=978-81-87879-91-6}}
* {{cite book|author=Shyam Singh Shashi|title=Encyclopaedia Indica: Bahadur Shah II, The last Mughal Emperor|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=VfsvAQAAIAAJ|publisher=Anmol Publications|isbn=978-81-7041-859-7}}
* {{cite book|author=Gopal Das Khosla|title=The last Mughal|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=_hVLAAAAMAAJ|year=1969|publisher=Hind Pocket Books}}
Baris 51 ⟶ 118:
* [http://www.bl.uk/onlinegallery/sacredtexts/podwilliamdalrymple.html Extract of talk by Zafar's biographer William Dalrymple (British Library)]
;Puisi
* [http://www.kavitakosh.org/kk/index.php?title=%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%82_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%80 Bahadur Shah Zafar at Kavita Kosh] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180916093203/http://www.kavitakosh.org/kk/index.php?title=%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%82_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%80 |date=2018-09-16 }} {{hi icon}}
* [[Berkas:Last Mughal Emperor Bahadur Shah II with sons Mirza Jawan Bakht & Mirza Shah Abbas.jpg|jmpl|Mantan Kaisar Mughal selama pengasingan di rangoonRangoon, Burma.]][http://www.123shayari.com/category/bahadur-shah-zafar/ Bahadur Shah Zafar Poetry] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190328080525/http://www.123shayari.com/category/bahadur-shah-zafar/ |date=2019-03-28 }}
* [http://www.kapadia.com/zaftrans.html Extracts from a book on Bahadur Shah Zafar, with details of exile and family] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070709011843/http://www.kapadia.com/zaftrans.html |date=2007-07-09 }}
* [http://www.kapadia.com/websites.html Links to further websites on Bahadur Shah Zafar] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051023190755/http://www.kapadia.com/websites.html |date=2005-10-23 }}
* [http://www.urdupoetry.com/zafar.html Poetry on urdupoetry.com]
* [http://gdhar.com/2008/05/11/qalaam-e-zafar/ Kalaam e Zafar – Select verses] {{hi icon}}
Baris 60 ⟶ 127:
;Keturunan
* [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/south_asia/2185082.stm BBC Report on Bahadur Shah's possible descendants in Hyderabad]
* [http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/mp/2002/09/12/stories/2002091200120300.htm An article on Bahadur Shah's descendants in Delhi and Hyderabad] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110606115748/http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/mp/2002/09/12/stories/2002091200120300.htm |date=2011-06-06 }}
* [http://www.the-south-asian.com/May2004/last_mughals_of_india_in_hyderabad.htm Another article on Bahadur Shah's descendants in Hyderabad] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051028114622/http://www.the-south-asian.com/May2004/last_mughals_of_india_in_hyderabad.htm |date=2005-10-28 }}
* [http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/NEWS/India/Mughal_bahu_languishes_in_a_slum/articleshow/msid-1327140,curpg-1.cms An article on Bahadur Shah's descendants in Kolkata]
* [http://www.sikhnet.com/sikhnet/discussion.nsf/3d8d6eacce83bad8872564280070c2b3/cf0d68c64d7a4a6e87256d8d0000b9a4!OpenDocument Forgotten Empress: Sultana Beghum sells tea in Kolkata][[Berkas:Zinat Mahal Begum.png|jmpl|278x278px|Zinat Mahal Begum, Salah satu Permaisuri Kaisar Bahadur Shah II Zafar.|al=]]
Baris 67 ⟶ 134:
{{Wikisource1911Enc|Bahadur Shah II.}}
{{S-start}}
{{s-hou|[[Dinasti Timuriyah]]|24 Oktober|1775|7 November|1862}}
{{S-reg}}
{{S-bef|before=[[Akbar Shah II]]}}