Patrick dari Irlandia: Perbedaan antara revisi
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{{Infobox Saint|name=Santo Patrisius dari Irlandia
|birth_date= tak diketahui
|death_date= tak diketahui
|image=Saint Patrick Catholic Church (Junction City, Ohio) - stained glass, Saint Patrick - detail.jpg
|feast_day=[[17 Maret]] ([[Hari St. Patrick]])
|venerated_in=[[Gereja Katolik Roma]], [[Gereja Irlandia]] [[Anglikan]], [[Gereja Lutheran]] dan [[Gereja Ortodoks]]
|patronage= [[Irlandia]], [[Nigeria]], [[Insinyur]]<ref name="saint_index">{{cite web|title=''Roman Catholic Patron Saints Index''|accessdate=25 Agustus|accessyear=2006|url=http://www.americancatholic.org/Features/Saints/patrons.asp|archive-date=2006-08-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060810020809/http://www.americancatholic.org/Features/Saints/patrons.asp|dead-url=yes}}</ref>}}
'''Santo Patrick''' ({{lang-la|Patricius<ref>Brown, hlm. 51</ref>}}, [[bahasa Irlandia]]: ''Naomh Pádraig'') adalah seorang [[misionaris]] [[Kristen]] dan merupakan [[santo pelindung]] [[Irlandia]] bersama-sama dengan [[Brigid dari Kildare]] dan [[Kolumba]]. Patrick dilahirkan di [[Britania Romawi]]. Ketika usinya sekitar 16 tahun, ia ditangkap oleh para perampok Irlandia dan dibawa sebagai [[budak]] ke Irlandia. Di sana ia tinggal selama enam tahun, lalu melarikan diri dan kembali ke keluarganya. Ia masuk ke gereja, seperti juga ayah dan kakeknya sebelumnya, menjadi seorang [[diakon]] dan [[uskup]]. Belakangan ia kembali ke Irlandia sebagai misionaris, bekerja di wilayah utara dan barat pulau itu, tetapi tak banyak yang diketahui tentang di mana sesungguhnya ia bekerja dan tak ada kaitan yang dapat ditemukan antara Patrick dengan gereja manapun. Pada abad ke-8, ia telah menjadi santo pelindung Irlandia, terutama karena propanda oleh biara Armagh yang mengaku menyimpan relikuinya. Sistem biara Irlandia berkembang setelah masa Patrick dan Gereja Irlandia tidak mengembangkan model keuskupan yang telah dicoba dibentuk oleh Patrick dan para misionaris perdana lainnya. ▼
▲'''Santo Patrick''' atau '''Patrisius''' ({{lang-la|Patricius
Bukti yang tersedia tidak memungkinkan kita untuk menetapkan dengan pasti masa kehidupan Patrick, namun tampaknya ia aktif sebagai misionaris di Irlandia pada paruhan kedua dari [[abad ke-5]]. Dua suratnya selamat, bersama dengan sejumlah [[hagiografia]] yang belakangan dari [[abad ke-7]] dan seterusnya. Banyak dari karya-karya ini tidak dapat diterima sebagai tradisi yang otentik. Bila ''[[Sejarah Ulster]]'' (lihat bawah) diterima secara tidak kritis, maka itu berarti Patrick hidup pada 373 hingga 493, dan melayani di Irlandia utara sejak 433. ▼
▲Bukti yang tersedia tidak memungkinkan kita untuk menetapkan dengan pasti masa kehidupan Patrick, namun tampaknya ia aktif sebagai misionaris di Irlandia pada paruhan kedua dari [[abad ke-5]]. Dua suratnya selamat, bersama dengan sejumlah [[hagiografia]] yang belakangan dari [[abad ke-7]] dan seterusnya. Banyak dari karya-karya ini tidak dapat diterima sebagai tradisi yang otentik. Bila ''[[Sejarah Ulster]]'' (lihat bawah) diterima secara tidak kritis, maka itu berarti Patrick hidup pada 373 hingga 493, dan melayani di Irlandia utara sejak 433.
<!--==Background==
Most modern studies of Saint Patrick follow a variant of [[T. F. O'Rahilly]]'s "Two Patricks" theory. That is to say, many of the traditions later attached to Saint Patrick originally concerned [[Palladius]], a [[deacon]] from [[Gaul]] who came to Ireland, perhaps sent by [[Pope Celestine I]] (died 431). Palladius was not the only early cleric in Ireland at this time. Saints Auxilius, [[Seachnaill|Secundus]] and [[Iserninus]] are associated with early churches in [[Munster]] and [[Leinster]]. By this reading, Palladius was active in Ireland until the 460s.<ref>Byrne, pp. 78–79; De Paor, pp. 6–7 & 88–89; Duffy, pp. 16–17; Fletcher, pp. 80–83; MacQuarrie, p. 34; Ó Cróinín, pp. 22–23; Thomas, pp.300–306; Yorke, p. 112.</ref>
[[Prosper of Aquitaine]]'s contemporary chronicle states:<blockquote>Palladius was ordained by Pope Celestine and sent to the Irish believers in Christ as their first bishop.<ref>De Paor, p. 79.</ref></blockquote> Prosper associates this with the visits of [[Germanus of Auxerre]] to Britain to suppress the [[Pelagian]] [[heresy]] and it has been suggested that Palladius and his colleagues were sent to Ireland to ensure that exiled Pelagians did not establish themselves among the Irish Christians. The appointment of Palladius and his fellow-bishops was not obviously a mission to convert the Irish, but more probably intended to minister to existing Christian communities in Ireland.<ref>There may well have been Christian "Irish" people in Britain at this time; [[Goidelic]]-speaking people were found on both sides of the [[Irish Sea]], with Irish being spoken from [[Cornwall]] to [[Argyll]]. The influence of the [[Kingdom of Dyfed]] may have been of particular importance. See Charles-Edwards, pp. 161–172; Dark, pp.188–190; Ó Cróinín, pp. 17–18; Thomas, pp. 297–300.</ref> The sites of churches associated with Palladius and his colleagues are close to royal centres of the period: Secundus is remembered by [[Dunshaughlin]], [[County Meath]], close to the [[Hill of Tara]] which is associated with the [[High King of Ireland]]; Kilashee, [[County Kildare]], close to [[Naas]] with links with the [[Kings of Leinster]], is probably named for Auxilius. This activity was limited to the southern half of Ireland, and there is no evidence for them in [[Ulster]] or [[Connacht]].<ref>Duffy, pp. 16–17; Thomas, p. 305.</ref>
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==Patrick in his own words==
[[Berkas:Slemish mountain County Antrim.jpg|right|thumb|[[Slemish]], [[County Antrim]], where Patrick is said to have worked as a herdsman while a slave.]]
Two [[Latin]] letters survive which are generally accepted to have been written by Patrick. These are the ''Declaration'' ({{lang-la|Confessio}}) and the ''Letter to the soldiers of Coroticus'' ({{lang-la|Epistola}}). The ''Declaration'' is the more important of the two. In it Patrick gives a short account of his life and his mission.
Patrick was born at Banna Venta Berniae,<ref>This location is not certain, and a variety of interpretations have been made. De Paor glosses it as "[probably near [[Carlisle]]]" and Thomas argues at length for the area of [[Birdoswald]], twenty miles east of Carlisle on [[Hadrians Wall]]. See De Paor, pp. 88 & 96; Thomas, pp. 310–314.</ref> Calpornius his father was a [[deacon]], his grandfather Potitus a priest. When he was about sixteen, he was captured and carried off as a slave to Ireland.<ref>De Paor, p. 96.</ref> Patrick worked as a herdsman, remaining a captive for six years. He writes that his faith grew in captivity, and that he prayed daily. After six years he heard a voice telling him that he would soon go home, and then that his ship was ready. Fleeing his master, he travelled to a port, two hundred miles away he says, where he found a ship and, after various adventures, returned home to his family, now in his early twenties.<ref>De Paor, pp. 99–100; Charles-Edwards, p. 229.</ref>
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Murchiú's life of Saint Patrick contains a supposed prophecy by the [[druid]]s which gives an impression of how Patrick and other Christian missionaries were seen by those hostile to them:
<blockquote>Across the sea will come Adze-head,<ref>This is presumed to refer to Patrick's [[tonsure]].</ref> crazed in the head,
The second piece of evidence from Patrick's life is the ''Letter to Coroticus'' or ''Letter to the Soldiers of Coroticus''. In this, Patrick writes an [[open letter]] announcing that he has [[excommunicate]]d certain [[Brythons|British]] soldiers of Coroticus who have raided in Ireland, along with [[Picts]] and Irishmen, taking some of Patrick's converts into [[slave]]ry. Coroticus, based largely on an 8th century [[Gloss (margin text)|gloss]]
==Dating Patrick's life and mission==
According to the latest reconstruction of the old Irish annals, Patrick died in AD 493, a date accepted by some modern historians.<ref>See Dumville, pp. 116-12; Wood, p. 45 n. 5.</ref> Prior to the 1940s it was believed without doubt that he died in 461 and thus had lived in the first half of the 5th century.<ref>Byrne, pp. 78–82; the notes following Tirechan's hagiography in the ''Book of Armagh'' state that Palladius "was also called Patrick, while other sources have vague mentions of 'two Patricks'", Byrne, p.78. See De Paor, pp. 203–206, for the notes referred to.</ref> A lecture entitled ''"The Two Patricks"'', published in 1942 by [[T. F. O'Rahilly]], caused enormous controversy by proposing that there had been two "Patricks", Palladius and Patrick, and that what we now know of St. Patrick was in fact in part a conscious effort to meld the two into one [[hagiography|hagiographic]] personality. Decades of contention eventually ended with most historians now asserting that Patrick was indeed most likely to have been active in the mid-to-late 5th century.
While Patrick's own writings contain no dates, they do contain information which can be used to date them. Patrick's quotations from the [[Acts of the Apostles]] follow the [[Vulgate]], strongly suggesting that his ecclesiastical conversion did not take place before the early fifth century. Patrick also refers to the [[Franks]] as being pagan. Their conversion is dated to the period 496–508.<ref>Stancliffe.</ref>
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Pious legend credits Patrick with banishing [[snake]]s from the island, though post-glacial Ireland never actually had snakes;<ref>{{cite web|title=''Why Ireland Has No Snakes - National Zoo|FONZ''|accessdate=25 August|accessyear=2006|url=http://nationalzoo.si.edu/Animals/ReptilesAmphibians/NewsEvents/irelandsnakes.cfm}}</ref> one suggestion is that ''snakes'' referred to the [[Serpent (symbolism)|serpent]] symbolism of the [[Druid]]s of that time and place, as shown for instance on coins minted in Gaul (see [[Carnutes]]), or that it could have referred to beliefs such as [[Pelagianism]], symbolized as “serpents”.-->
Legenda juga
Karya abad ke-12, ''[[Acallam na Senórach]]'' mengisahkan tentang Patrick yang ditemui oleh dua pahlawan kuno, [[Caílte mac Rónáin]] dan [[Oisín]], dalam perjalanan-perjalanan penginjilannya. Keduanya pernah menjadi anggota kelompok pejuang [[Fionn mac Cumhaill]], [[Fianna]], dan ternyata masih hidup pada masa Patrick. Mereka mendampingi santo ini dan mengisahkan kepada mereka cerita-cerita mereka.
== Pengangkatan sebagai santo dan peringatannya ==
[[Berkas:Saint Patrick's Saltire.svg|jmpl|Bendera St. Patrick]]
[[17 Maret]], yang populer dikenal sebagai [[Hari St. Patrick]], diyakini sebagai tanggal kematiannya (menurut ''[[Encyclopedia Britannica]]'') dan tanggal ini dirayakan sebagai [[hari pesta]]nya. Hari ini menjadi hari peringatan di gereja universal karena pengaruh sarjana [[Fransiskan]] kelahiran [[Waterford]], [[Luke Wadding]], sebagai anggota komisi untuk memperbarui Buku Doa<ref>{{cite web|title=''The Catholic Encyclopedia: Luke Wadding''|accessdate=15 Februari|accessyear=2007|url=http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/15521d.htm}}</ref> pada awal abad ke-17.▼
{{utama|Hari Santo Patrick}}
▲[[17 Maret]], yang populer dikenal sebagai [[Hari St. Patrick]], diyakini sebagai tanggal kematiannya (menurut ''[[Encyclopedia Britannica]]'') dan tanggal ini dirayakan sebagai [[Hari Santo Patrick|hari
Pada seribu tahun pertama agama Kristen pada umumnya, kanonisasi dilakukan pada tingkat keuskupan atau regional. Relatif tak lama setelah kematian orang-orang yang dianggap sangat suci, Gereja setempat mengukuhkan bahwa mereka dapat dirayakan secara liturgis sebagai santo. Akibatnya, St. Patrick tak pernah secara resmi [[kanonisasi|dikanonisasikan]] oleh seorang [[Paus (Katolik Roma)|Paus]], namun ia masih dihormati secara luas di Irlandia dan di tempat-tempat lain sekarang.<ref>{{cite web|title=''Ask a Franciscan: Saints Come From All Nations - terbitan Maret 2001 St. Anthony Messenger Magazine Online''|accessdate=25 Agustus|accessyear=2006|url=http://www.americancatholic.org/Messenger/Mar2001/Wiseman.asp#F4}}</ref>
St. Patrick juga dihormati di kalangan [[Gereja Ortodoks]], khususnya di antara orang-orang Kristen Ortodoks yang berbahasa Inggris yang tinggal di Britania Raya dan Irlandia serta di Amerika Utara. Bahkan ada ikon-ikon Ortodoks yang dipersembahkan kepadanya.<ref>{{cite web|title=''Orthodox Icon of St. Patrick of Ireland''|accessdate=25 Agustus|accessyear=2006|url=http://www.comeandseeicons.com/sgp07.htm}}</ref>
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</div>
==
<div class="references-small">
* [[Peter Robert Lamont Brown|Brown, Peter]], ''The Rise of Western Christianity.'' ed. ke-2 Blackwell, Oxford, 2003. ISBN 0-631-22138-7
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== Tempat-tempat yang diberi nama untuk menghormati St. Patrick ==
* Saint-Patrick, sebuah paroki [[Kanada]] di [[New-Brunswick]]
* [http://www.viamichelin.fr/viamichelin/fra/dyn/controller/mapPerformPage?strCountry=1424&strAddress=&strCP=37&strLocation=Parice&x=185&y=115 Saint-Patrice-sur-Loire, departemen [[Indre-et-Loire]]] ([[Touraine]]).
* Saint-Patrice-de-Claids, departemen la [[Manche (departemen)|Manche]] ([[Basse Normandie]]).
* Saint-Patrice-du-Désert, departemen l'[[Orne]] ([[Basse Normandie]]).
* [[Downpatrick]], ([dekat Belfast Irlandia Utara] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929141616/http://www.viamichelin.fr/viamichelin/fra/dyn/controller/mapPerformPage?strCountry=1424&strAddress=&strCP=37&strLocation=Parice&x=185&y=115 |date=2007-09-29 }}).
== Pranala luar ==
* [http://www.ucc.ie/celt CELT] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170325183244/http://www.ucc.ie/celt |date=2017-03-25 }}: Corpus of Electronic Texts at [[University College Cork]] termasuk teks tentang Patrick [http://www.ucc.ie/celt/published/L201060/index.html ''Confessio''] dan [http://www.ucc.ie/celt/published/L201061/index.html ''Epistola''], serta berbagai kehidupan dari St. Patrick.
* [http://www.stpatricks-cathedral.org Katedral St. Patrick Armagh].
* [http://www.gutenberg.org/etext/18482 The Most Ancient Lives of Saint Patrick], disunting oleh James O'Leary, 1880, dari [[Project Gutenberg]].
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[[Kategori:Kematian abad ke-5]]
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