Maryinka: Perbedaan antara revisi
Konten dihapus Konten ditambahkan
k Menambah Kategori:Kota di Ukraina menggunakan HotCat |
-> pranala wiki Komite Statistik Negara Ukraina |
||
(8 revisi perantara oleh satu pengguna lainnya tidak ditampilkan) | |||
Baris 28:
}}
'''Maryinka''' atau '''Marinka''' ({{Lang-uk|Ма́р'їнка}}, {{IPA-uk|ˈmɑrjinkɐ|IPA}}; {{lang-ru|Марьинка}}) adalah sebuah kota di [[Raion Pokrovsk]], [[Oblast Donetsk]], timur [[Ukraina]]. Kota ini sebelumnya memiliki populasi sebanyak 9.089 jiwa (perkiraan 2022)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Чисельність наявного населення України на 1 січня 2022 (Number of Present Population of Ukraine, as of January 1, 2022)|url=https://ukrstat.gov.ua/druk/publicat/kat_u/2022/zb/05/zb_%D0%A1huselnist.pdf|website=
== Sejarah awal ==
Beberapa saat setelah likuidasi
Pada tahun 1859 ada 1.318 orang. Sebagai desa negara bagian, Marinka termasuk dalam stan keempat kabupaten Aleksandrovsk, [[Kegubernuran Yekaterinoslav]]. Pemerintah desa terdiri dari sesepuh desa (kepala desa), pemungut pajak, sekretaris, dan pengawas.<ref name=history/>
Kota itu berada di bawah pendudukan Jerman antara tahun 1941 dan 1943. Setelah dikurung di kantor polisi, orang-orang Yahudi di kota itu (dan desa-desa sekitarnya) dibunuh dalam eksekusi massal oleh
== Perang Rusia-Ukraina ==
{{Utama|Perang Rusia-Ukraina|Perang di Donbas}}
[[File:Maryinka005.jpg|thumb|upright|Agustus 2014: Bendera Ukraina di atas menara radio di Marinka]]
Mulai pertengahan April 2014 paramiliter yang didukung Rusia merebut beberapa kota di Oblast Donetsk,<ref>Ragozin, Leonid, [https://newrepublic.com/article/117387/putin-accidentally-helping-unite-eastern-and-western-ukraine "Vladimir Putin Is Accidentally Bringing Eastern and Western Ukraine Together"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170517110856/https://newrepublic.com/article/117387/putin-accidentally-helping-unite-eastern-and-western-ukraine |date=2017-05-17 }}, ''newrepublic.com'', 16 April 2014.</ref><ref>[http://en.itar-tass.com/world/735082 "Donbass defenders put WWII tank back into service"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141021145459/http://en.itar-tass.com/world/735082 |date=2014-10-21 }}, ''en.itar-tass.com'', 6 June 2014.</ref> termasuk Marinka.<ref>[http://www.irishtimes.com/news/world/europe/airstrike-kills-nine-as-apartment-block-demolished-in-ukraine-1.1867008 "Airstrike kills nine as apartment block demolished in Ukraine"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140808044508/http://www.irishtimes.com/news/world/europe/airstrike-kills-nine-as-apartment-block-demolished-in-ukraine-1.1867008 |date=2014-08-08 }}, ''irishtimes.com'', 15 July 2014.</ref> Pada 5 Agustus 2014, pasukan Ukraina kembali menguasai Marinka.<ref>[http://bigstory.ap.org/article/ukrainian-troops-edge-closer-rebel-city "Ukraine fighting reaches rebel-held Donetsk"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140805213948/http://www.bigstory.ap.org/article/ukrainian-troops-edge-closer-rebel-city |date=2014-08-05 }}, AP, 5 August 2014.</ref> Pasukan Ukraina yang terlibat dalam perebutan kembali termasuk [[Batalyon Azov]], yang [[Bendera Ukraina|benderanya]] berkibar di kota itu pada awal Agustus.<ref>Kramer, Andrew E., [https://www.nytimes.com/2014/08/10/world/europe/ukraine.html "Ukraine Strategy Bets On Restraint by Russia"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170205090352/https://www.nytimes.com/2014/08/10/world/europe/ukraine.html |date=2017-02-05 }}, New York ''Times'', 9 August 2014. Retrieved 2014-08-09.</ref> Dalam operasi ini satu sukarelawan pejuang tewas (seorang anggota Azov, warga negara Rusia) dan 14 luka-luka (9 dalam ledakan tank Ukraina akibat [[ranjau anti-tank]]).<ref>[http://ukrainianweek.com/Society/142933 We Can Win After All] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220324190827/https://ukrainianweek.com/Society/142933 |date=2022-03-24 }}, The Ukrainian Week (6 August 2015)</ref>
Kota itu dibombardir secara teratur, dengan pasukan Ukraina membalas tembakan.<ref>[http://www.themoscowtimes.com/mobile/opinion/article/civilians-stuck-in-the-middle-of-donbass-horror/526388.html Civilians Stuck in the Middle of Donbass Horror] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160419121505/http://uatoday.tv/news/bloomberg-ukraine-pushes-for-un-peacekeepers-as-rockets-disrupt-truce-422723.html
Tiga orang tewas di dekat pos pemeriksaan pada 10 Februari 2016 ketika sebuah minibus saat melewati antrian melaju ke pinggir jalan dan menabrak [[Ranjau darat di Ukraina|ranjau darat]]. Pengemudi telah mengabaikan tanda peringatan ranjau darat.<ref name="lmM10215">[https://news.yahoo.com/four-killed-passenger-bus-hits-mine-east-ukraine-003355845.html Three killed as passenger bus hits mine in east Ukraine] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201202161341/https://news.yahoo.com/four-killed-passenger-bus-hits-mine-east-ukraine-003355845.html
Menurut anggota parlemen Ukraina [[Iryna Herashchenko]], pada September 2016 5.000 orang tinggal di Marinka.<ref name="MpopS16">[http://uatoday.tv/politics/only-three-eu-parliamentarians-out-of-20-mustered-courage-to-visit-eastern-ukraine-750553.html Only three EU parliamentarians out of 20 mustered courage to visit eastern Ukraine] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160921184313/http://uatoday.tv/politics/only-three-eu-parliamentarians-out-of-20-mustered-courage-to-visit-eastern-ukraine-750553.html
=== Pertempuran Marinka ===
Pada tanggal 3 Juni 2015, kekerasan baru kembali terjadi di wilayah tersebut saat pejuang pro-Rusia melancarkan serangan ke kota yang melibatkan 1.000 pejuang, tank, dan artileri berat.<ref name="Krasnohorivka and Maryinka">[https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-32988499 Ukraine crisis: Violence flares up near Donetsk] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220223235126/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-32988499 |date=2022-02-23 }}, [[BBC News]] (3 June 2015)</ref><ref>[https://www.kyivpost.com/content/kyiv-post-plus/separatist-forces-try-to-take-maryinka-as-fighting-breaks-out-along-front-line-390147.html Kremlin-separatist forces try to take Maryinka as fighting breaks out along front line] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150603235917/http://www.kyivpost.com/content/kyiv-post-plus/separatist-forces-try-to-take-maryinka-as-fighting-breaks-out-along-front-line-390147.html
Menurut ''[[BBC]]'', pertempuran 3 Juni 2015 adalah yang terberat dalam perang di [[Donbas]] sejak apa yang disebut gencatan senjata [[Minsk II]] ditandatangani pada 11 Februari 2015.<ref name="Krasnohorivka and Maryinka" /><ref name="GD12FEB">{{Cite news |date=12 February 2015 |title=Ukraine ceasefire deal agreed at Belarus talks |work=[[The Guardian]] |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/feb/12/ukraine-crisis-reports-emerge-of-agreement-in-minsk-talks |url-status=live |access-date=12 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150212132817/http://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/feb/12/ukraine-crisis-reports-emerge-of-agreement-in-minsk-talks |archive-date=12 February 2015}}</ref> Pada sore hari tanggal 3 Juni 2015, Menteri Pertahanan [[Republik Rakyat Donetsk]] [[Vladimir Kononov]] dan militer Ukraina mengkonfirmasi kepada [[Organisasi untuk Keamanan dan Kerja Sama di Eropa|OSCE]] bahwa Marinka berada di bawah kendali Ukraina.<ref>[http://www.osce.org/ukraine-smm/162116 Spot report by the OSCE Special Monitoring Mission to Ukraine (SMM), 3 June 2015: Fighting around Marinka] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220302164538/https://www.osce.org/ukraine-smm/162116 |date=2 March 2022 }}, [[OSCE]] (4 June 2015)</ref> Menurut angka OSCE, 28 orang, termasuk 9 warga sipil, tewas di Marinka pada 3 Juni 2015.<ref>[http://uatoday.tv/politics/28-killed-in-recent-maryinka-battle-un-433773.html 28 killed in recent Maryinka battle – UN] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160828132349/http://uatoday.tv/politics/28-killed-in-recent-maryinka-battle-un-433773.html
=== Invasi Rusia ke Ukraina 2022 ===
{{Utama|Invasi Rusia ke Ukraina 2022}}
Pada 17 Maret 2022, pertempuran baru di Marinka dimulai setelah [[Invasi Rusia ke Ukraina 2022|invasi Rusia ke Ukraina tahun 2022]]. Dalam prosesnya, sebagian besar kota hancur, dengan hanya sedikit penduduk yang tersisa hingga Mei 2022, menurut ''[[Der Spiegel]]''.<ref name=sarovic>{{Cite news |last=Sarovic |first=Alexander |date=2022-05-10 |title=Staryna's Mission: The Elite Ukrainian Soldiers Defending the Donbas |language=en |work=Der Spiegel |url=https://www.spiegel.de/international/world/starnya-s-mission-the-elite-ukrainian-soldiers-defending-the-donbas-a-54bde7bd-4c37-4bd0-9ae1-05272466cc3d |access-date=2023-01-04 |issn=2195-1349}}</ref> Seorang reporter menyamakan Marinka pada Januari 2023 dengan "pemandangan neraka perkotaan".<ref name="driveha">{{cite news |last1=ALTMAN |first1=HOWARD |title=Ukraine Situation Report: The Urban Hellscape That Is Maryinka |url=https://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/ukraine-situation-report-the-urban-hellscape-that-is-maryinka |agency=The Drive |publisher=Recurrent Ventures |date=17 January 2023 |author-link=Howard Altman}}</ref> Selama pertempuran, bangunan sengaja dihancurkan untuk mencegahnya digunakan sebagai perlindungan.<ref>{{Cite web |date=25 February 2023 |title=Drone footage of Maryinka city that was turned into ruins by Russians |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=31-_xuPQ5nQ |access-date=26 February 2023 |publisher=Kanal 13}}</ref>
== Galeri ==
|