|
| form = Uncial
| number = '''04'''
| image = codexCodex ephremi (The S.S. Teacher's Edition-The Holy Bible - Plate XXIV).jpg
| isize = 250 px
| caption= ''Codex Ephraemi Rescriptus'', di [[Bibliothèque nationale de France|Bibliothèque Nationale]], [[Paris]]
| name = Ephraemi rescriptus
| sign = C
}}
'''Codex Ephraemi Rescriptus''' (Paris, National[[Bibliothèque Librarynationale ofde France]], Greek 9; [[Naskah Alkitab#Gregory-Aland|Gregory-Aland]] no. '''C''' or '''04''', [[Naskah Alkitab#Von Soden|von Soden]] δ 3) adalah naskah [[Alkitab]] [[Kristen]] dalam [[bahasa Yunani]] dari abad ke-5 M,<ref name=Aland>{{Cite book
| last = Aland
| first = Kurt
| authorlink = Kurt Aland
| coauthors = [[Barbara Aland]]; Erroll F. Rhodes (trans.)
| title = The Text of the New Testament: An Introduction to the Critical Editions and to the Theory and Practice of Modern Textual Criticism
| publisher = [[William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company]]
| year = 1995
| location = Grand Rapids
|page = [https://archive.org/details/textnewtestament00kurt/page/109 109]
| page = 109
|url = https://archive.org/details/textnewtestament00kurt
| url =
| doi =
| id =
| isbn = 978-0-8028-4098-1}}</ref> yang merupakan anggota terakhir kelompok "Empat naskah uncial agung" (lihat [[Codex Sinaiticus]], [[Codex Alexandrinus|Alexandrinus]] dan [[Codex Vaticanus|Vaticanus]]). Naskah ini ditemukan tidak dalam keadaan utuh, tetapi diyakini asalnya memuat seluruh [[Alkitab]].
Naskah ini mendapat namanya dari sebuah [[codex]] yang ditulisi suatu terjemahan bahasa Yunani dari tulisansuatu Ephraemmakalah thetulisan Syrian[[Efrem treatisesorang Siria]], yaitu berupa penulisan ulang (''"rescriptus"'') suatu naskah yang telah dihapus dari lembaran-lembaran [[vellum]] pages, membentuk suatu [[palimpsest]].<ref name = Aland/> Teks yang kemudian ini dibuat pada abad ke-12. Penghapusan lembaran asalnya tidak sempurna, dan di bawah teks EphaemEfraim itu masih dapat dilihat suatu naskah Alkitab lengkap, memuat bagian [[Perjanjian Lama]] dan [[Perjanjian Baru]]. Menjadi salah satu codex yang mendasari bidang kritik tekstual Alkitab.
Bagian teks palimpsest bawah telah dianalisis oleh pakar Alkitab dan tulisan kuno (palaeografi) [[Constantin von Tischendorf|Tischendorf]] pada tahun 1840–1843, dan disuntingnya pada tahun 1843–1845. Saat ini disimpan di [[Bibliothèque nationale de France]] (Grec 9) di [[Paris]].<ref name = Aland/><ref name = INTF>{{Cite web|url=http://intf.uni-muenster.de/vmr/NTVMR/ListeHandschriften.php?ObjID=20004|title= Liste Handschriften|publisher=Institute for New Testament Textual Research|accessdate=9 November 2011|location=Münster}}</ref>
Hanya ada 209 lembaran yang terlestarikan, di mana 145 lembar memuat [[Perjanjian Baru]] dan 64 [[Perjanjian Lama]]. Codex itu berukuran 12¼ inci/31.4-32.5 cm kali 9 inci/25.6-26.4 cm.<ref name = Aland/> Ditulis dalam satu kolom tunggal per halaman, 40–46 baris per halaman, pada lembaran perkamen. Huruf-hurufnya bercorak [[uncial]] berukuran sedang.<ref name = Kenyon138/>
Tulisan uncial di naskah ini bersambungan, dengan tanda baca yang hanya berupa satu titik, sebagaimana di [[Codex Alexandrinus]] dan [[Codex Vaticanus]]. Huruf-huruf besar di awal bagian nampaktampak menonjol pada marjin, seperti di [[Codex Alexandrinus]] dan [[Codex Basilensis A. N. III. 12|Codex Basilensis]]. Huruf-huruf [[iota]] dan [[ypsilonupsilon]], yang pada Alexandrinus dan banyak naskah lain ditambah dua titik di atasnya (tanda diaeresis) ketika mereka memulai suatu suku kata – kadang kala hanya satu titik – dalam Codex Ephraemi berupa satu garis pendek di atas.<ref name = Scrivener123>{{Cite book
| last = Scrivener
| first = Frederick Henry Ambrose
| authorlink = Frederick Henry Ambrose Scrivener
| coauthors = Edward Miller
| title = [[A Plain Introduction to the Criticism of the New Testament]]
| publisher = [[George Bell & Sons]]
| edition = 4
| year = 1894
| location = London
| volume = 1
| page = 123
| url =
| isbn = }}</ref>
Tanda nafas dan aksen ditambahkan di kemudian hari oleh jurutulis yang lain.<ref name = Gregory41>{{Cite book
| last = Gregory
| first = Caspar René
| authorlink = Caspar René Gregory
| title = Textkritik des Neuen Testaments
| publisher = J.C. Hinrichs’sche Buchhandlung
| year = 1900
| location = Leipzig
| volume = 1
| page = 41
| url = http://www.archive.org/stream/textkritikdesne00greggoog#page/n53/mode/2up
| isbn = }}</ref> Istilah-istilah [[nomina sacra]] disingkat dengan cara tidak lazim: {{Nomen sacrum|ΙΗΣ}} untuk Ἰησοῦς (''Yesus''), {{Nomen sacrum|IHY}} untuk Ἰησοῦ (''dari Yesus''), {{Nomen sacrum|XPΣ}} untuk Χριστὸς (''Kristus''), {{Nomen sacrum|ΧPY}} untuk Χριστοῦ (''dari Kristus''), <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΠΑP</span> untuk Πατήρ (''Bapa''), dan <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΣTH</span> untuk Σταυρωθῇ (''menyalibkan'').<ref name = Gregory43>{{Cite book
| last = Gregory
| first = Caspar René
| authorlink = Caspar René Gregory
| title = Textkritik des Neuen Testaments
| publisher = J.C. Hinrichs’sche Buchhandlung
| year = 1900
| location = Leipzig
| volume = 1
| page = 43
| url = http://www.archive.org/stream/textkritikdesne00greggoog#page/n55/mode/2up
| isbn = }}</ref><ref group="n">Πατήρ usually wasbiasanya abbreviateddisingkat tomenjadi <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΠHP</span>, Σταυρωθῇ tomenjadi <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΣTΘH</span>. SeeLihat [[Larry W. Hurtado]], ''The Earliest Christian Artifacts'', Wm. Eerdmans, 2006, p. 134.</ref>
<!--
The text of the Gospels is divided according to {{lang|grc|κεφαλαια}} (''chapters''), but their τιτλοι (''titles of chapters'') are not placed in the upper margin of the page as in [[Codex Alexandrinus]]. A list of their τιτλοι (''tables of contents'') preceded each Gospel.<ref name = Scrivener123/> The text of the Gospels is divided into small [[Eusebian Canons|Ammonian Sections]], whose numbers are given at the margin, with references to the [[Eusebian Canons]] (written below Ammonian Section numbers). There is no division in the other books.<ref name = Kenyon138/>
Teks kitab-kitab Injil dibagi menurut {{lang|grc|κεφαλαια}} (''kefalaia'' atau "pasal-pasal"), tetapi τιτλοι (''titloi''; ''titel'' atau judul pasal) tidak ditempatkan di marjin atas halaman sebagaimana pada[[Codex Alexandrinus]]. Suatu daftar τιτλοι (''daftar titel'', yaitu semacam daftar isi) berada di bagian depan setiap kitab Injil.<ref name = Scrivener123/>
The [[Jesus and the woman taken in adultery|Pericope Adulterae]] (John 7:53–8:11) is omitted; though the pericope is located on the lost two leaves (John 7:3–8:34), by counting the lines it can be proved that it was not in the book – there is not room for it (as in Codex Alexandrinus).<ref>[[Bruce M. Metzger]], ''A Textual Commentary on the Greek New Testament'' ([[Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft]]: Stuttgart 2001), p. 187.</ref> The text of [[Mark 16|Mark 16:9–20]] was included to the codex, though it was located on the lost leaves; by counting the lines it can be proved that it was in the work.<ref>[[Bruce M. Metzger]], ''A Textual Commentary on the Greek New Testament'' ([[Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft]]: Stuttgart 2001), p. 103.</ref> The texts of [[Christ's agony at Gethsemane|Luke 22:43–44]] were also located on the lost leaves, but there is no indication whether it was included in the original codex or not.<ref>''The Greek New Testament'', ed. K. Aland, A. Black, [[Carlo Maria Martini|C. M. Martini]], B. M. Metzger, and [[Allen Wikgren|A. Wikgren]], in cooperation with INTF, ''United Bible Societies'', 3rd edition, (Stuttgart 1983), p. 305. [UBS3]</ref> The text of Mark 15:28 is omitted.<ref>''The Greek New Testament'', ed. K. Aland, A. Black, C. M. Martini, B. M. Metzger, and A. Wikgren, in cooperation with INTF, ''United Bible Societies'', 3rd edition, (Stuttgart 1983), p. 193.</ref> ▼teks Injil dibagi atas [[Pembagian Ammonius]] yang lebih kecil, di mana nomor-nomor dicantumkan pada marjin, dengan rujukan kepada [[Kanon Eusebius]] (ditulis di bawah nomor Pembagian Ammonius). Tidak ada pembagian dalam kitab-kitab lain.<ref name = Kenyon138/>
▲TheBagian [[ Jesus and the woman taken in adultery|Pericope Adulterae]] ( JohnYohanes 7:53–8:11) istermasuk omitted;ke thoughdalam thedua pericopelembaran isyang locatedtidak onditemukan the(yang lostseharusnya twomemuat leaves (JohnYohanes 7:3–8:34), bytetapi countingdiperkirakan thememang linestidak itdimuat canberdasarkan bepenghitungan provedjumlah thatbaris, ityaitu wastidak notcukup intempat thesebagaimana book – there is not room for it (as inpada Codex Alexandrinus ).<ref>[[Bruce M. Metzger]], ''A Textual Commentary on the Greek New Testament'' ([[Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft]]: Stuttgart 2001), p. 187.</ref> The text ofTeks [[ MarkMarkus 16 #Ayat 9-20|Mark 16:9–20]] wasjuga includedterdapat todalam thelembaran yang codexhilang, thoughmeskipun itdiperkirakan wasada locatedmenurut onpenghitungan the lost leaves; by counting the lines it can be proved that it was in thejumlah workbaris.<ref>[[Bruce M. Metzger]], ''A Textual Commentary on the Greek New Testament'' ([[Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft]]: Stuttgart 2001), p. 103.</ref> The texts ofTeks [[ Christ'sLukas agony at22#Ayat Gethsemane43-44|Luke 22:43–44]] werejuga alsoterdapat locatedpada onlembaran theyang lost leaveshilang, butsehingga there is no indication whether it was included in thetidak originaldiketahui codexdimuat oratau nottidaknya.<ref>''The Greek New Testament'', ed. K. Aland, A. Black, [[Carlo Maria Martini|C. M. Martini]], B. M. Metzger, and [[Allen Wikgren|A. Wikgren]], in cooperation with INTF, ''United Bible Societies'', 3rd edition, (Stuttgart 1983), p. 305. [UBS3]</ref> TheAyat text of MarkMarkus 15:28 istidak omitteddimuat.<ref>''The Greek New Testament'', ed. K. Aland, A. Black, C. M. Martini, B. M. Metzger, and A. Wikgren, in cooperation with INTF, ''United Bible Societies'', 3rd edition, (Stuttgart 1983), p. 193.</ref>
; Bagian yang hilang (''Lacunae'') ▼* [[Gospel of Matthew]]: 1:1–2; 5:15–7:5; 17:26–18:28; 22:21–23:17; 24:10–45; 25:30–26:22; 27:11–46; 28:15-fin.; ▼* [[Gospel of Mark]]: 1:1–17; 6:32–8:5; 12:30–13:19; ▼* [[Gospel of Luke]]: 1:1–2; 2:5–42; 3:21–4:25; 6:4–36; 7:17–8:28; 12:4–19:42; 20:28–21:20; 22:19–23:25; 24:7–45 ▼* [[Gospel of John]]: 1:1–3; 1:41–3:33; 5:17–6:38; 7:3–8:34; 9:11–11:7; 11:47–13:7; 14:8–16:21; 18:36–20:25; ▼* [[Acts of the Apostles]]: 1:1–2; 4:3–5:34; 6:8; 10:43–13:1; 16:37–20:10; 21:31–22:20; 3:18–24:15; 26:19–27:16; 28:5-fin.; ▼* [[Epistle to the Romans]]: 1:1–3; 2:5–3:21; 9:6–10:15; 11:31–13:10; ▼* [[First Epistle to the Corinthians]]: 1:1–2; 7:18–9:6; 13:8–15:40; ▼* [[Second Epistle to the Corinthians]]: 1:1–2; 10:8-fin. ▼* [[Epistle to the Galatians]]: 1:1–20 ▼* [[Epistle to the Ephesians]]: 1:1–2:18; 4:17-fin. ▼* [[Epistle to the Philippians]]: 1:1–22; 3:5-fin. ▼* [[Epistle to the Colossians]]: 1:1–2; ▼* [[First Epistle to the Thessalonians]]: 1:1; 2:9-fin.;
* [[Second Epistle to the Thessalonians]] lost
* [[First Epistle to Timothy]]: 1:1–3:9; 5:20-fin.; ▼* [[Second Epistle to Timothy]]: 1:1–2; ▼* [[Epistle to Titus]]: 1:1–2 ▼* [[Epistle to Philemon]]: 1–2 ▼* [[Epistle to the Hebrews]]: 1:1–2:4; 7:26–9:15; 10:24–12:15; ▼* [[Epistle of James]]: 1:1–2; 4:2-fin. ▼* [[First Epistle of Peter]]: 1:1–2; 4:5-fin.; ▼* [[Second Epistle of Peter]]: 1:1;
* [[First Epistle of John]]: 1:1–2; 4:3-fin. ▼* [[Second Epistle of John]] lost;
* [[Third Epistle of John]]: 1–2; ▼* [[Epistle of Jude]]: 1–2; ▼* [[Book of Revelation]]: 1:1–2; 3:20–5:14; 7:14–17; 8:5–9:16; 10:10–11:3; 16:13–18:2; 19:5-fin.<ref>[[Eberhard Nestle]], [[Erwin Nestle]], Barbara Aland and [[Kurt Aland]] (eds), ''[[Novum Testamentum Graece]]'', 26th edition, (Stuttgart: ''[[Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft]]'', 1991), p. 689.</ref> ▼-->
Bagian Perjanjian Lama yang terlestarikan adalah bagian-bagian dari
* [[Kitab Kebijaksanaan]], dan
* [[Kitab Yesus bin Sirakh|Kitab Sirakh]].<ref>Würthwein Ernst (1988). ''Der Text des Alten Testaments'', Stuttgart: Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, p. 85.</ref>
[[Berkas:Codex Ephraemi Mt 1,1-18.JPG|jmpl|ka|200px|Matius 1:2–18 pada edisi faksimili Tischendorfs]]
Bagian Perjanjian Baru meliputi
* Empat [[Injil]]
* [[Surat-surat Am]]
* [[Kitab Wahyu]]
<!--
▲; Bagian yang hilang (''Lacunae'' ; "lubang")
▲* [[ GospelInjil of MatthewMatius]]: 1:1–2; 5:15–7:5; 17:26–18:28; 22:21–23:17; 24:10–45; 25:30–26:22; 27:11–46; 28:15- finakhir.;
▲* [[ GospelInjil of MarkMarkus]]: 1:1–17; 6:32–8:5; 12:30–13:19;
▲* [[ GospelInjil of LukeLukas]]: 1:1–2; 2:5–42; 3:21–4:25; 6:4–36; 7:17–8:28; 12:4–19:42; 20:28–21:20; 22:19–23:25; 24:7–45
▲* [[ GospelInjil of JohnYohanes]]: 1:1–3; 1:41–3:33; 5:17–6:38; 7:3–8:34; 9:11–11:7; 11:47–13:7; 14:8–16:21; 18:36–20:25;
▲* [[ ActsKisah ofPara the ApostlesRasul]]: 1:1–2; 4:3–5:34; 6:8; 10:43–13:1; 16:37–20:10; 21:31–22:20; 323:18–24:15; 26:19–27:16; 28:5- finakhir.;
▲* [[ EpistleSurat to the RomansRoma]]: 1:1–3; 2:5–3:21; 9:6–10:15; 11:31–13:10;
▲* [[ FirstSurat Epistle1 to the CorinthiansKorintus]]: 1:1–2; 7:18–9:6; 13:8–15:40;
▲* [[ SecondSurat Epistle2 to the CorinthiansKorintus]]: 1:1–2; 10:8- finakhir.
▲* [[ EpistleSurat to the GalatiansGalatia]]: 1:1–20
▲* [[ EpistleSurat to the EphesiansEfesus]]: 1:1–2:18; 4:17- finakhir.
▲* [[ EpistleSurat to the PhilippiansFilipi]]: 1:1–22; 3:5- finakhir.
▲* [[ SecondSurat Epistle to TimothyKolose]]: 1:1–2;
* [[Surat 1 Tesalonika]]: 1:1; 2:9-akhir;
* [[Surat 2 Tesalonika]] hilang
▲* [[ FirstSurat Epistle to1 TimothyTimotius]]: 1:1–3:9; 5:20- fin.akhir;
▲* [[ EpistleSurat to2 the ColossiansTimotius]]: 1:1–2;
▲* [[ Epistle toSurat Titus]]: 1:1–2
▲* [[ EpistleSurat of JudeFilemon]]: 1–2 ;
▲* [[ EpistleSurat to the HebrewsIbrani]]: 1:1–2:4; 7:26–9:15; 10:24–12:15;
▲* [[ EpistleSurat of JamesYakobus]]: 1:1–2; 4:2- fin.akhir
▲* [[ FirstSurat Epistle of1 PeterPetrus]]: 1:1–2; 4:5- fin.akhir;
* [[Surat 2 Petrus]]: 1:1;
▲* [[ FirstSurat Epistle of1 JohnYohanes]]: 1:1–2; 4:3- finakhir.
* [[Surat 2 Yohanes]] hilang;
▲* [[ EpistleSurat to3 PhilemonYohanes]]: 1–2 ;
▲* [[ ThirdSurat Epistle of JohnYudas]]: 1–2;
▲* [[ BookKitab of RevelationWahyu]]: 1:1–2; 3:20–5:14; 7:14–17; 8:5–9:16; 10:10–11:3; 16:13–18:2; 19:5- finakhir.<ref> [[Eberhard Nestle ]], [[Erwin Nestle ]], Barbara Aland and [[Kurt Aland]] (eds), ''[[Novum Testamentum Graece]]'', 26th edition, (Stuttgart: '' [[Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft ]]'', 1991), p. 689.</ref>
== Teks ==
[[FileBerkas:Codex Ephraemi Mt 126,152-1869.JPG|thumbjmpl|rightka|200px|Matius 126:2–1852–69 pada edisi faksimili TischendorfsTischendorf (1843)]]
=== Jenis teks ===
TheNaskah GreekYunani textini oftergolong the codex is a representative of thejenis [[AlexandrianTeks text-typeAlexandria]], withdengan thesejumlah Byzantinebacaan readingsBizantin inpada thekitab-kitab GospelsInjil, buttetapi withjuga numerousbanyak Alexandrianbacaan readingsjenis Alexandria. ItDinyatakan issebagai asaksi weakBizantin Byzantinelemah witnessbagi inInjil MatthewMatius, aAlexandria weaklemah Alexandrianbagi inInjil MarkMarkus, anddan aAlexandria strongkuat Alexandrianbagi inInjil JohnYohanes. In LukePada itsInjil. Lukas textualciri charactertekstualnya istidak unclearjelas.<ref name = Waltz>{{cite web |url=http://www.skypoint.com/members/waltzmn/ManuscriptsUncials.html#uC |title=An Introduction to New Testament Textual Criticism |chapter= New Testament Manuscripts Uncials |accessdate=2010-11-12 |author=Waltz, Robert |work=A Site Inspired By: The Encyclopedia of New Testament Textual Criticism}}</ref> Westcott-Hort andserta [[Hermann von Soden]] classifiedmenggolongkannya itke asdalam injenis theteks Alexandrian text-typeAlexandria.<ref name = Wisse/>
According toMenurut [[Kurt Aland]] ituntuk agreesbacaan-bacaan withtidak thelazim, Byzantineteks text-typeini bersesuaian dengan jenis [[teks Bizantin]] umum 87 timeskali inpada theKitab-kitab GospelsInjil, 13 timeskali inpada theKisah Actspara Rasul, 29 timeskali inpada PaulSurat-surat Paulus, anddan 16 timeskali inpada the Catholicsurat-surat epistlesAm. ItBersesuaian agreesdengan with theteks Nestle-Aland text(gabungan berbagai jenis teks) 66 timeskali (GospelsInjil), 38 (ActsKisah), 104 (Paul), anddan 41 (Cath.Am). It hasAda 50 independent orbacaan distinctiveindependen readingsatau inunik thepada GospelsInjil, 11 inpada ActsKisah, 17 inpada Paul, anddan 14 inpada thesurat-surat Catholic epistlesAm. Aland placed themenempatkannya text of the codex indalam [[CategoriesKategori ofNaskah NewPerjanjian Testament manuscripts#Category IIBaru|CategoryKategori II]].<ref name = Aland/> AccordingMenurut to"Metode theProfil [[Claremont" Profile Method]]teks itsini textmerupakan isjenis mixedcampuran inpada [[LukeLukas 1]], [[LukeLukas 10]], anddan [[LukeLukas 20]].<ref name = Wisse>{{Cite book
| last = Wisse
| first = Frederik
| authorlink =
| title = The profile method for the classification and evaluation of manuscript evidence, as Applied to the Continuous Greek Text of the Gospel of Luke
| publisher = [[William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company]]
| year = 1982
| location = Grand Rapids
|page = [https://archive.org/details/profilemethodfor00wiss/page/52 52]
| page = 52
|url =https://archive.org/details/profilemethodfor00wiss
| url =
| doi =
| isbn = 0-8028-1918-4}}</ref>
InDalam Apocalypsekitab Wahyu, Codex Ephraemi is a witness ofmerupakan thesaksi samedari formbentuk ofyang thesama textdengan asteks Codex Alexandrinus.<ref>[[David C. Parker]], ''New Testament Manuscripts and Their Texts'', Cambridge University Press 2008, p. 235.</ref>
=== InterpolationsInterpolasi ===
InPada [[Matthew{{Alkitab|Matius 8:13]]}} itada hasteks additional texttambahan (seelihat Luke{{Alkitab|Lukas 7:10}}): {{Unicode|και υποστρεψας ο εκατονταρχος εις τον οικον αυτου εν αυτη τη ωρα ευρεν τον παιδα υγιαινοντα}} (''anddan whenketika theperwira centurionitu returnedkembali toke therumah housepada injam that houritu, heia foundmenemukan thehambanya slave wellsembuh'') assebagaimana wellkodeks-[[kodeks as codices (Sinaiticus]], [[Codex Petropolitanus Purpureus|N]]), [[Codex Koridethi|Θ]], [[Family 1|''f''<sup>1</sup>]], [[Minuscule 545|545]], [[Codex Sangermanensis I|g<sup>1</sup>]], syr<sup>h</sup>.<ref>[[Eberhard Nestle]], [[Erwin Nestle]], and [[Kurt Aland]] (eds), ''[[Novum Testamentum Graece]]'', 26th edition, (Stuttgart: ''[[Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft]]'', 1991), p. 18 [NA26]</ref>
InPada [[Matthew{{Alkitab|Matius 27:49]] codex}} containsada addedtambahan textteks: {{Unicode|ἄλλος δὲ λαβὼν λόγχην ἒνυξεν αὐτοῦ τὴν πλευράν, καὶ ἐξῆλθεν ὖδορ καὶ αἳμα}} (''theorang otheryang tooklain amengambil spearsebilah andtombak pierceddan Hismenusuk sidesisi-Nya, and immediatelydan camesegera outkeluar waterair anddan blooddarah''). ThisBacaan readingini wasditurunkan deriveddari from John{{Alkitab|Yohanes 19:34}} anddan occursjuga inditemukan otherpada manuscriptsnaskah-naskah ofjenis the[[teks AlexandrianAleksandria]] text-typelain (א, [[Codex Vaticanus|B]], [[Codex Regius (New Testament)|L]], [[Codex Tischendorfianus IV|Γ]], 1010, 1293, pc, vg<sup>mss</sup>).<ref>Bruce M. Metzger (2001). "A Textual Commentary on the Greek New Testament", ''[[Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft]]'', Stuttgart: United Bible Societies, p. 59.</ref><ref>[[Eberhard Nestle]], [[Erwin Nestle]], and [[Kurt Aland]] (eds), ''[[Novum Testamentum Graece]]'', 26th edition, (Stuttgart: ''[[Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft]]'', 1991), p. 84.</ref><ref>''The Greek New Testament'', ed. K. Aland, A. Black, C. M. Martini, B. M. Metzger, and A. Wikgren, in cooperation with INTF, ''United Bible Societies'', 3rd edition, (Stuttgart 1983), p. 113.</ref>
InPada Acts{{Alkitab|Kisah Para Rasul 14:19}} itada hasteks additional texttambahan: και διαλεγομενων αυτων παρρησια επεισαν τους οχλους αποστηναι απ' αυτων λεγοντες, οτι ουδεν αληθες λεγουσιν αλλα παντα ψευδονται for και πεισαντης τους οχλους;<ref>{{cite book | last = Aland | first = K. |last2= Black | first2 = M. | last3 = [[Carlo Maria Martini|C. M. Martini]], B. Metzger, A. Wikgren |title = The Greek New Testament | edition = 3 | publisher=United Bible Societies|place=Stuttgart|page=472|year=1983}}</ref> similaryang readingsmirip appeardengan inbacaan codicespada: [[Minuscule 6|6]], [[Minuscule 36|36]], [[Minuscule 81|81]], [[Minuscule 104|104]], [[Minuscule 326|326]], [[Minuscule 452|452]], 945, 1175, 1739.<ref>[[Eberhard Nestle]], [[Erwin Nestle]], Barbara Aland and [[Kurt Aland]] (eds), ''[[Novum Testamentum Graece]]'', 26th edition, (Stuttgart: ''[[Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft]]'', 1991), p. 363. [NA26]</ref>
=== Sejumlah koreksi ===
[[FileBerkas:Codex Ephraemi Mt1 26Tim 3,5215-6916.JPG|thumbjmpl|rightka|200px440px|MatiusFaksimili 26:52–69Scrivener padadengan edisiteks faksimilidari Tischendorf1 (1843)Timotius 3:15–16]]
InDalam [[MatthewMatius 11#Ayat 2|Matius 11:2]] its original text hasteks theaslinya readingtertulis δια (''byoleh'') assebagaimana well as codiceskodeks א, B, [[Codex Bezae|D]], [[Codex Guelferbytanus A|P]], [[Codex Washingtonianus|W]], [[Codex Dublinensis|Z]], [[Codex Sangallensis 48|Δ]], [[Codex Koridethi|Θ]], [[Uncial 0233|0233]], ''f''<sup>13</sup>, 33, buttetapi thekorektor third correctorketiga C<sup>3</sup> changedmengubahnya it intomenjadi δυο (''twodua'') — assebagaimana inpada codiceskodeks L, ''f''<sup>1</sup>, Byz<ref>[[Eberhard Nestle]], [[Erwin Nestle]], Barbara Aland anddan [[Kurt Aland]] (eds), ''[[Novum Testamentum Graece]]'', 26th edition, (Stuttgart: ''[[Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft]]'', 1991), p. 27. [NA26]</ref>
InDalam ActsKisah Para Rasul 20:28 it readstertulis {{Unicode|του κυριου}} (''ofdari the LordTuhan'') along with thesebagaimana manuscriptsnaskah [[PapyrusPapirus 74|<math>\mathfrak{P}</math><sup>74</sup>]] [[Codex Bezae|D]] [[Codex Laudianus|E]] [[Codex Athous Lavrensis|Ψ]] [[Minuscule 33|33]] [[Minuscule 36|36]] [[Minuscule 453|453]] [[Minuscule 945|945]] [[Minuscule 1739|1739]] [[Minuscule 1891|1891]], buttetapi theseorang correctorkorektor addedmenambahkan και του Θεου (''anddan GodAllah'') as havesebagaimana [[Codex Porphyrianus|P]] [[Uncial 049|049]] [[Minuscule 326|326]] [[Minuscule 1241|1241]] [[Minuscule 2492|2492]] anddan thenaskah-naskah Byzantine manuscriptsBizantin.<ref>[[Eberhard Nestle]], [[Erwin Nestle]], and [[Kurt Aland]] (eds), ''[[Novum Testamentum Graece]]'', 26th edition, (Stuttgart: ''[[Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft]]'', 1991), p. 384.</ref><ref group="n">ForVarian-varian thetekstual anotherlain textualayat variantsini ofdapat thisdilihat verse seepada: [[TextualVarian variantstekstual indalam thePerjanjian New TestamentBaru#ActsKisah ofPara the ApostlesRasul|Textual variants inVarian thetekstual Actsdalam ofKisah thePara ApostlesRasul]].</ref>
InPada 1 CorinthiansKorintus 12:9 thejurutulis originalasli scribemenghilangkan omits phrasefrasa εν τω αυτω πνευματι (''indalam His spiritroh-Nya''), but it was addedtetapi byditambahkan theoleh thirdkorektor correctorketiga (C<sup>3</sup>).<ref>''The Greek New Testament'', ed. K. Aland, A. Black, C. M. Martini, B. M. Metzger, and A. Wikgren, in cooperation with INTF, ''United Bible Societies'', 3rd edition, (Stuttgart 1983), 605.</ref>
InPada 1 TimothyTimotius 3:16 it readstertulis ὅς ἐφανερώθη ('' HeIa was manifestedmenjelma''), but thetetapi secondkorektor correctorkedua (C<sup>2</sup>) changed it intomengubahnya θεός ἐφανερώθη ('' GodAllah was manifestedmenjelma'');<ref>Bruce M. Metzger (2001). "A Textual Commentary on the Greek New Testament", ''Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft'', Stuttgart: United Bible Societies, p. 575-576.</ref><ref group="n"> ForVarian-varian thetekstual anotherlain textualayat variantsini ofdapat thisdilihat verse seepada: [[ TextualVarian variantstekstual indalam thePerjanjian New TestamentBaru# FirstSurat Epistle1 toTimotius|Varian Timothy|Textualtekstual variantsdalam inSurat 1 TimothyTimotius]].</ref> ▼[[File:Codex Ephraemi 1 Tim 3,15-16.JPG|thumb|right|440px|Scrivener's facsimile with text of 1 Tim 3:15–16]]
▲In 1 Timothy 3:16 it reads ὅς ἐφανερώθη (''He was manifested''), but the second corrector (C<sup>2</sup>) changed it into θεός ἐφανερώθη (''God was manifested'');<ref>Bruce M. Metzger (2001). "A Textual Commentary on the Greek New Testament", ''Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft'', Stuttgart: United Bible Societies, p. 575-576.</ref><ref group="n">For the another textual variants of this verse see: [[Textual variants in the New Testament#First Epistle to Timothy|Textual variants in 1 Timothy]].</ref>
InPada JamesYakobus 1:22 it readstertulis λογου (''ofdari the wordfirman'') assebagaimana majoritymayoritas of manuscriptsnaskah, buttetapi thekorektor second correctorkedua (C<sup>2</sup>) correctedmengkoreksi intomenjadi νομου (''ofdari the lawhukum''), as havesebagaimana manuscriptsnaskah: 88, [[Minuscule 621|621]], 1067, 1852.<ref name="NA26, p. 589"/>
=== SelectedVarian textualtekstual variantsterkenal ===
ActsKisah Para Rasul 15:23
: ItMemuat hasbacaan the unique readingunik {{Unicode|γραψαντης δια χειρος αυτων επιστολην περιεχουσαν ταδε}} (''theymereka wrotemenulis bydengan theirtangan-tangan handsmereka thesurat letteryang containingmemuat thisini''), whichyang istidak notada supportedpada bynaskah-naskah anybahasa otherYunani Greek manuscriptslainnya, thoughmeskipun itdidukung isoleh supported by versionsversi-versi: ar, c, [[Codex Gigas|gig]], [[Codex Waldeccensis|w]], geo. TheMayoritas majoritynaskah ofbahasa theYunani Greek manuscripts readmemuat {{Unicode|γραψαντης δια χειρος αυτων ταδε}} (''theymereka wrotemenulis thisdengan bytangan-tangan their handsmereka''), thenaskah-naksah Alexandrianberjenis manuscripts[[teks Alexandria]] readmemuat {{Unicode|γραψαντης δια χειρος αυτων}} (''wrotemenulis bydengan theirtangan-tangan handsmereka'').<ref>[[Eberhard Nestle]], [[Erwin Nestle]], Barbara Aland and [[Kurt Aland]] (eds), ''[[Novum Testamentum Graece]]'', 26th edition, (Stuttgart: ''[[Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft]]'', 1991), p. 366. [NA26]</ref>
RomansRoma 16:24
: VerseAyat isini omittedtidak alongdimuat withsebagaimana [[Codex Sinaiticus]] A B [[Minuscule 5|5]] 81 [[Minuscule 263|263]] [[Minuscule 623|623]] 1739 1838 1962 [[Minuscule 2127|2127]] it<sup>z</sup> vg<sup>ww</sup> cop<sup>sa,bo</sup> eth<sup>ro</sup> Origen<sup>lat</sup>)
RevelationWahyu 13:18
: "The [[numberBilangan of the beastbinatang]]" it readstertulis ''hexakosiai deka hex'' (lit."enam sixratus hundredenam sixteenbelas");<ref>[[Herman C. Hoskier|erman C. Hoskier]], ''Concerning the Text of the Apocalypse'', vol. 2, p. 364.</ref> itmerupakan issalah onesatu ofbacaan thepaling mostterkenal famousdari readings of thenaskah codexini, ityang isdidukung also attested byoleh [[PapyrusPapirus 115]], berbeda dengan mayoritas naskah lainnya yang memuat angka "666".<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Metzger|first1=Bruce M.|authorlink1=Bruce M. Metzger|last2=Ehrman|first2=Bart D. |authorlink2=Bart D. Ehrman|title=The Text of the New Testament: Its Transmission, Corruption and Restoration|year=2005|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=New York – Oxford|url=http://www.scribd.com/doc/32002991/Text-of-the-New-Testament-Its-Transmission-Corruption-Restoration|isbn=978-0-19-516122-9|page=61|access-date=2013-09-19|archive-date=2013-10-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131013130814/http://www.scribd.com/doc/32002991/Text-of-the-New-Testament-Its-Transmission-Corruption-Restoration|dead-url=yes}}</ref>
=== SomeSejumlah othervarian textualtekstual variantslain ===
<small>Kata-kata di sebelah kiri tanda kurung adalah bacaan dari mayoritas naskah, bacaan setelah tanda kurung adalah bacaan dari kodeks ini.</small>
<small>The words before the bracket are the reading of the majority manuscripts, the reading after the bracket are the readings of the codex.</small>
[[MatthewMatius 22|Matius 22:10]] – γαμος ] αγαμος; somebeberapa manuscriptsnaskah readmemuat νυμφων (codices א, B, L, [[Uncial 0138|0138]], 892, 1010);<ref>[[Eberhard Nestle]], [[Erwin Nestle]], and [[Kurt Aland]] (eds), ''[[Novum Testamentum Graece]]'', 26th edition, (Stuttgart: ''[[Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft]]'', 1991), p. 62.</ref>
Mark{{Alkitab|Markus 10:35}} – οι υιοι Ζεβεδαιου (''theputra-putra sons of ZebedeeZebedeus'') ] οι δυο υιοι Ζεβεδαιου (''thekedua twoputra sons of ZebedeeZebedeus''); the readingbacaan isini supporteddidukung byoleh Codex Vaticanus anddan Copticversi versionKoptik;<ref>[[Eberhard Nestle]], [[Erwin Nestle]], and [[Kurt Aland]] (eds), ''[[Novum Testamentum Graece]]'', 26th edition, (Stuttgart: ''[[Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft]]'', 1991), p. 124.</ref>
Romans{{Alkitab|Roma 16:15}} – Ιουλιαν, Νηρεα ] Ιουνιαν, Νηρεα; thebacaan readingini ishanya supporteddidukung only byoleh [[Codex Boernerianus]] (Greekteks bahasa textYunani).<ref>''The Greek New Testament'', ed. K. Aland, A. Black, C. M. Martini, B. M. Metzger, and A. Wikgren, in cooperation with INTF, ''United Bible Societies'', 3rd edition, (Stuttgart 1983), p. 575. [UBS3]</ref>
{{Alkitab|1 CorinthiansKorintus 2:1}} – μαρτυριον (''testimonykesaksian'') ] μυστηριον (''secretrahasia''); the readingbacaan isini supporteddidukung byoleh [[PapyrusPapirus 46|<math>\mathfrak{P}</math><sup>46</sup>]], [[Codex Sinaiticus|א]], [[Codex Alexandrinus|Α]], [[Minuscule 88|88]], [[Minuscule 436|436]], it<sup>a,r</sup>, [[PeshittaPesyita|syr<sup>p</sup>]], cop<sup>bo</sup>; othernaskah-naskah manuscriptslain readmemuat σωτηριον (''saviorjuruselamat'').<ref>''The Greek New Testament'', ed. K. Aland, A. Black, C. M. Martini, B. M. Metzger, and A. Wikgren, in cooperation with INTF, ''United Bible Societies'', 3rd edition, (Stuttgart 1983), p. 581.</ref>
{{Alkitab|1 CorinthiansKorintus 7:5}} – τη νηστεια και τη προσευχη (''fastingberpuasa anddan prayerberdoa'') ] τη προσευχη (''prayer''); thebacaan readingini isdidukung supported byoleh [[PapyrusPapirus 11|<math>\mathfrak{P}</math><sup>11</sup>]], <math>\mathfrak{P}</math><sup>46</sup>, א*, A, [[Codex Vaticanus|B]], C, D, G, P, Ψ, 33, 81, [[Minuscule 104|104]], [[Minuscule 181|181]], [[Minuscule 629|629]], [[Minuscule 630|630]], 1739, 1877, 1881, 1962, it vg, cop, arm, eth. OtherNaskah-naskah manuscriptslain read ormemuat τη προσευχη και νηστεια (''prayerberdoa anddan fastingberpuasa'').<ref>''The Greek New Testament'', ed. K. Aland, A. Black, C. M. Martini, B. M. Metzger, and A. Wikgren, in cooperation with INTF, ''United Bible Societies'', 3rd edition, (Stuttgart 1983), p. 591.</ref>
James{{Alkitab|Yakobus 1:12}} – ο κυριος (''theSang LordTuhan'') ] κυριος (''LordTuhan''); somesejumlah manuscriptsnaskah havememuat ο θεος (''God'') ([[Minuscule 4|4]], [[Minuscule 33|33]], [[Minuscule 2816|2816]]<sup>vid</sup>, [[Minuscule 323|323]], 945, 1739, vg, syr<sup>p</sup>), othersyang lain tidak omitmemuat thiskata wordini (א, A, B, Ψ, [[Minuscule 81|81]], ff, co).<ref name="NA26, p. 589">[[Eberhard Nestle]], [[Erwin Nestle]], and [[Kurt Aland]] (eds), ''[[Novum Testamentum Graece]]'', 26th edition, (Stuttgart: ''[[Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft]]'', 1991), p. 589.</ref>
{{Alkitab|2 TimothyTimotius 4:10}} – Γαλατιαν ] Γαλλιαν – thebacaan readingini isdidukung supportedoleh byCodex Sinaiticus, 81, 104, [[Minuscule 326|326]], 436.<ref>{{cite book | last = Aland | first = K. | last2 = Black | first2 = M. | last3 = [[Carlo Maria Martini|C. M. Martini]], B. Metzger, A. Wikgren |title = The Greek New Testament | edition = 3 | publisher=United Bible Societies|place=Stuttgart|page=737|year=1983}}</ref>
Revelation{{Alkitab|Wahyu 1:5 }} – λουσαντι ημας εκ ('' washedmenyucikan uskita fromdari'') ] λυσαντι ημας εκ ('' freedmemerdekakan uskita fromdari'') — assebagaimana havepada manuscriptsnaskah-naskah: [[ PapyrusPapirus 18|P<sup>18</sup>]], [[Codex Sinaiticus|<big>א</big><sup>c</sup>]], [[Codex Alexandrinus|A]], [[Minuscule 2814|2814]], 2020, 2081.<ref>[[Eberhard Nestle]], [[Erwin Nestle]], and [[Kurt Aland]] (eds), ''[[Novum Testamentum Graece]]'', 26th edition, (Stuttgart: ''[[Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft]]'', 1991), p. 632.</ref> ▼
▲Revelation 1:5 – λουσαντι ημας εκ (''washed us from'') ] λυσαντι ημας εκ (''freed us from'') — as have manuscripts: [[Papyrus 18|P<sup>18</sup>]], [[Codex Sinaiticus|<big>א</big><sup>c</sup>]], [[Codex Alexandrinus|A]], [[Minuscule 2814|2814]], 2020, 2081.<ref>[[Eberhard Nestle]], [[Erwin Nestle]], and [[Kurt Aland]] (eds), ''[[Novum Testamentum Graece]]'', 26th edition, (Stuttgart: ''[[Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft]]'', 1991), p. 632.</ref>
-->
== Sejarah ==
[[FileBerkas:Tischendorf um 1841.jpg|thumbjmpl|leftkiri|200px|Tischendorf pada tahun 1841]]
Naskah ini mungkin dibuat di Mesir (atau Palestina)<ref name = Gregory41/> sebelum pertengahan abad ke-5. Ditulis paling sedikit oleh dua jurutulis; menurut [[Constantin von Tischendorf|Tischendorf]], ada tiga jurutulis (A, B, C). Teksnya dikoreksi oleh tiga orang korektor, diberi kode C<sup>1</sup>, C<sup>2</sup>, dan C<sup>3</sup> (Tischendorf memberi kode C*, C**, dan C***). Kadang kala diberi kode C<sup>a</sup>, C<sup>b</sup>, dan C<sup>c</sup>.<ref name = Aland/>
Korektor pertama (C<sup>1</sup>) bekerja di [[suatu "scriptorium]]", sedangkan korektor kedua (C<sup>2</sup>) bekerja di Palestina pada abad ke-6. Koreksinya tidak banyak, hanya dalam [[Kitab Yesus bin Sirakh|Kitab Sirakh]].<ref name = Swete>{{Cite book | last = Swete | first = H. B. | title = An Introduction to the Old Testament in Greek| location = Cambridge| year = 1902 | url = http://www.archive.org/stream/anintrotooldtes00swetuoft#page/128/mode/2up| pages = 128–129}}</ref> Saat itu, naskah tersebut mungkin disimpan di perpustakaan "Theological Library of Caesarea Maritima" di kota [[Kaisarea]], suatu perpustakaan teologi yang terkenal pada zaman kuno.<ref>[[Bruce M. Metzger]], [[Bart D. Ehrman]], "The Text of the New Testament: Its Transmission, Corruption and Restoration", ''[[Oxford University Press]]'' (New York – Oxford, 2005), p. 70.</ref>
Korektor yang ketiga dan terakhir (C<sup>3</sup>) menulis pada abad ke-9, kemungkinan di kota [[Konstantinopel]]. Ia merevisi bacaan dalam codex untuk penggunaan gerejawi (''ecclesiastical''), menambahi tanda aksen, tanda nafas, dan catatan pembacaan. Ia juga menambahi petunjuk liturgis pada marjin, dan bekerja ekstensif pada codex.<ref name = Scrivener123/> It was re-written in the twelfth century.<ref>{{Cite book| last = Gregory | first = C. R. | authorlink = Caspar René Gregory | title = Canon and Text of the New Testament | publisher = Charles Scribner's Sons | year = 1907 | location = New York | page = 348 | url = http://www.archive.org/details/canontextofnewte00greg |accessdate= 2011-08-03 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Metzger |first1=Bruce M. |authorlink1=Bruce M. Metzger |last2=Ehrman |first2=Bart D. |authorlink2=Bart D. Ehrman |title=The Text of the New Testament: Its Transmission, Corruption and Restoration | edition = 4 |year=2005 |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=New York – Oxford |url= https://archive.org/details/textnewtestament00metz|isbn=978-0-19-516122-9 |page= [https://archive.org/details/textnewtestament00metz/page/70 70] }}</ref>
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After the [[fall of Constantinople]] in 1453, the ''codex'' was brought to Florence by an émigré scholar.<ref>[http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04084a.htm ''Codex Ephraemi Rescriptus'' – ''Catholic Encyclopedia'']</ref> It belonged to Niccolo Ridolpho († 1550) Cardinal of Florence. After his death it was probably bought by [[Piero Strozzi]], an Italian military leader, for [[Catherine de' Medici]]. Catherine brought it to France as part of her dowry, and from the Bourbon royal library it came to rest in the [[Bibliothèque nationale de France]], Paris. The manuscript was bound in 1602.<ref name = Gregory42>{{Cite book
| page = 121
| url =
| isbn = }}</ref>
The first collation of the New Testament was made in 1716 by [[Johann Jakob Wettstein]] for [[Richard Bentley]], who intended to prepare a new edition of the ''Novum Testamentum Graece''. According to Bentley's correspondence, it took two hours to read one page, and Bentley paid Wettstein £50. This collation was used by Wettstein in his own Greek New Testament of 1751–1752.<ref name = Scrivener122>{{cite book
== Lihat pula ==
* [[Daftar artefak terkait Alkitab]]
* [[Daftar uncialUncial Perjanjian Baru]]
* [[Naskah Alkitab]]
== Pustaka ==
; Teks codexkodeks
* {{Cite book | last = Tischendorf | first = C. v. | title = Codex Ephraemi Syri rescriptus, sive Fragmenta Novi Testamenti | url = http://books.google.pl/books?id=wWFAAAAAcAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=#v=onepage&q&f=false | location = Lipsiae | year = 1843 }}
* {{Cite book | last = Tischendorf | first = C. v. | title = Codex Ephraemi Syri rescriptus, sive Fragmenta Veteris Testamenti | url = http://www.archive.org/stream/Tischendorf.V.Various/01.CodexEphraemiSyriRescriptus.FragUtriusqTest.1845.#page/n9/mode/2up | location = Lipsiae | year = 1845}}
* Lyon, R. W. [http://www.biblical-data.org/ON_Codex%2004.htm ''A Re-Examination of Codex Ephraemi Rescriptus''], New Testament Studies (1959), 5, pp. 260–272.
; Deskripsi kodeks
; Pemerian codex
* {{Cite book | last = Comfort | first = Philip | title = Encountering the Manuscripts: An Introduction to New Testament Paleography and Textual Criticism|url = https://archive.org/details/encounteringmanu0000comf| publisher = Broadman & Holman Publishers | year = 2005}}
* {{Cite book | last = Fleck | first = Ferdinand Florens | title = Ueber die Handschrift des neuen Testamentes, gewoehnlich Codex Ephraemi Syri rescriptus genannt, in der koeniglichen Bibliothek zu Paris | url = http://idb.ub.uni-tuebingen.de/diglit/thstkr_1841/0128?sid=ffc7f131e362c1edaee574408f00a53c | location = Hamburg | year = 1841}}
* {{Cite book | last = Hatch | first = William Henry | authorlink = William Hatch| title = The Principal Uncial Manuscripts of the New Testament |url = https://archive.org/details/principaluncialm0000hatc_g0y5|publisher = The University of Chicago Press | location = Chicago | year = 1939}}
* {{Cite book | last = Kenyon | first = Frederic G. | authorlink = Frederic G. Kenyon | title = Our Bible and the Ancient Manuscripts|url |= https://archive.org/details/ourbibleancientm0000keny|edition = 4th | location = London | year = 1939}}
* {{Cite book | last = Metzger | first = Bruce M. | authorlink = Bruce M. Metzger | title = Manuscripts of the Greek Bible: An Introduction to Palaeography|url = https://archive.org/details/manuscriptsofgre0000metz| publisher = Oxford University Press | location = Oxford | year = 1981}}
* {{Cite book | last = Swete | first = Henry B. | authorlink = Henry Barclay Swete | title = An Introduction to the Old Testament in Greek| location = Cambridge| year = 1902 | url = http://www.archive.org/stream/anintrotooldtes00swetuoft#page/128/mode/2up| pages = 128–129}}
== Pranala luar ==
* Michael D. Marlowe, [http://www.bible-researcher.com/codex-c.html ''Codex Ephraemi Syri Rescriptus''] Bible Research
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