|
| form = Uncial
| number = '''04'''
| image = codexCodex ephremi (The S.S. Teacher's Edition-The Holy Bible - Plate XXIV).jpg
| isize = 250 px
| caption= ''Codex Ephraemi Rescriptus'', di [[Bibliothèque nationale de France|Bibliothèque Nationale]], [[Paris]]
'''Codex Ephraemi Rescriptus''' (Paris, [[Bibliothèque nationale de France]], Greek 9; [[Naskah Alkitab#Gregory-Aland|Gregory-Aland]] no. '''C''' or '''04''', [[Naskah Alkitab#Von Soden|von Soden]] δ 3) adalah naskah [[Alkitab]] [[Kristen]] dalam [[bahasa Yunani]] dari abad ke-5 M,<ref name=Aland>{{Cite book
| last = Aland
| first = Kurt
| authorlink = Kurt Aland
| coauthors = [[Barbara Aland]]; Erroll F. Rhodes (trans.)
| title = The Text of the New Testament: An Introduction to the Critical Editions and to the Theory and Practice of Modern Textual Criticism
| publisher = [[William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company]]
| year = 1995
| location = Grand Rapids
|page = [https://archive.org/details/textnewtestament00kurt/page/109 109]
| page = 109
|url = https://archive.org/details/textnewtestament00kurt
| url =
| doi =
| id =
| isbn = 978-0-8028-4098-1}}</ref> yang merupakan anggota terakhir kelompok "Empat naskah uncial agung" (lihat [[Codex Sinaiticus]], [[Codex Alexandrinus|Alexandrinus]] dan [[Codex Vaticanus|Vaticanus]]). Naskah ini ditemukan tidak dalam keadaan utuh, tetapi diyakini asalnya memuat seluruh [[Alkitab]].
Naskah ini mendapat namanya dari sebuah [[codex]] yang ditulisi suatu terjemahan bahasa Yunani dari suatu makalah tulisan [[EfraimEfrem orang Siria]], yaitu berupa penulisan ulang (''"rescriptus"'') suatu naskah yang telah dihapus dari lembaran-lembaran [[vellum]], membentuk suatu [[palimpsest]].<ref name = Aland/> Teks yang kemudian ini dibuat pada abad ke-12. Penghapusan lembaran asalnya tidak sempurna, dan di bawah teks Efraim itu masih dapat dilihat suatu naskah Alkitab lengkap, memuat bagian [[Perjanjian Lama]] dan [[Perjanjian Baru]]. Menjadi salah satu codex yang mendasari bidang kritik tekstual Alkitab.
Bagian teks palimpsest bawah telah dianalisis oleh pakar Alkitab dan tulisan kuno (palaeografi) [[Constantin von Tischendorf|Tischendorf]] pada tahun 1840–1843, dan disuntingnya pada tahun 1843–1845. Saat ini disimpan di [[Bibliothèque nationale de France]] (Grec 9) di [[Paris]].<ref name = Aland/><ref name = INTF>{{Cite web|url=http://intf.uni-muenster.de/vmr/NTVMR/ListeHandschriften.php?ObjID=20004|title= Liste Handschriften|publisher=Institute for New Testament Textual Research|accessdate=9 November 2011|location=Münster}}</ref>
Hanya ada 209 lembaran yang terlestarikan, di mana 145 lembar memuat [[Perjanjian Baru]] dan 64 [[Perjanjian Lama]]. Codex itu berukuran 12¼ inci/31.4-32.5 cm kali 9 inci/25.6-26.4 cm.<ref name = Aland/> Ditulis dalam satu kolom tunggal per halaman, 40–46 baris per halaman, pada lembaran perkamen. Huruf-hurufnya bercorak [[uncial]] berukuran sedang.<ref name = Kenyon138/>
Tulisan uncial di naskah ini bersambungan, dengan tanda baca yang hanya berupa satu titik, sebagaimana di [[Codex Alexandrinus]] dan [[Codex Vaticanus]]. Huruf-huruf besar di awal bagian nampaktampak menonjol pada marjin, seperti di [[Codex Alexandrinus]] dan [[:en:Codex Basilensis A. N. III. 12|Codex Basilensis]]. Huruf-huruf [[iota]] dan [[upsilon]], yang pada Alexandrinus dan banyak naskah lain ditambah dua titik di atasnya (tanda diaeresis) ketika mereka memulai suatu suku kata – kadang kala hanya satu titik – dalam Codex Ephraemi berupa satu garis pendek di atas.<ref name = Scrivener123>{{Cite book
| last = Scrivener
| first = Frederick Henry Ambrose
| authorlink = Frederick Henry Ambrose Scrivener
| coauthors = Edward Miller
| title = [[A Plain Introduction to the Criticism of the New Testament]]
| publisher = [[George Bell & Sons]]
| edition = 4
| year = 1894
| location = London
| volume = 1
| page = 123
| url =
| isbn = }}</ref>
Tanda nafas dan aksen ditambahkan di kemudian hari oleh jurutulis yang lain.<ref name = Gregory41>{{Cite book
| last = Gregory
| first = Caspar René
| authorlink = Caspar René Gregory
| title = Textkritik des Neuen Testaments
| publisher = J.C. Hinrichs’sche Buchhandlung
| year = 1900
| location = Leipzig
| volume = 1
| page = 41
| url = http://www.archive.org/stream/textkritikdesne00greggoog#page/n53/mode/2up
| isbn = }}</ref> Istilah-istilah [[nomina sacra]] disingkat dengan cara tidak lazim: {{Nomen sacrum|ΙΗΣ}} untuk Ἰησοῦς (''Yesus''), {{Nomen sacrum|IHY}} untuk Ἰησοῦ (''dari Yesus''), {{Nomen sacrum|XPΣ}} untuk Χριστὸς (''Kristus''), {{Nomen sacrum|ΧPY}} untuk Χριστοῦ (''dari Kristus''), <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΠΑP</span> untuk Πατήρ (''Bapa''), dan <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΣTH</span> untuk Σταυρωθῇ (''menyalibkan'').<ref name = Gregory43>{{Cite book
| last = Gregory
| first = Caspar René
| authorlink = Caspar René Gregory
| title = Textkritik des Neuen Testaments
| publisher = J.C. Hinrichs’sche Buchhandlung
| year = 1900
| location = Leipzig
| volume = 1
| page = 43
| url = http://www.archive.org/stream/textkritikdesne00greggoog#page/n55/mode/2up
| isbn = }}</ref><ref group="n">Πατήρ biasanya disingkat menjadi <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΠHP</span>, Σταυρωθῇ menjadi <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΣTΘH</span>. Lihat [[Larry W. Hurtado]], ''The Earliest Christian Artifacts'', Wm. Eerdmans, 2006, p. 134.</ref>
Teks kitab-kitab Injil dibagi menurut {{lang|grc|κεφαλαια}} (''kefalaia'' atau "pasal-pasal"), tetapi τιτλοι (''titloi''; ''titel'' atau judul pasal) tidak ditempatkan di marjin atas halaman sebagaimana pada[[Codex Alexandrinus]]. Suatu daftar τιτλοι (''daftar titel'', yaitu semacam daftar isi) berada di bagian depan setiap kitab Injil.<ref name = Scrivener123/>
teks <!--TheInjil textdibagi of the Gospels is divided into smallatas [[Eusebian Canons|AmmonianPembagian SectionsAmmonius]] yang lebih kecil, whosedi numbersmana are givennomor-nomor atdicantumkan thepada marginmarjin, withdengan referencesrujukan to thekepada [[EusebianKanon CanonsEusebius]] (writtenditulis belowdi Ammonianbawah Sectionnomor numbersPembagian Ammonius). ThereTidak isada nopembagian divisiondalam in the otherkitab-kitab bookslain.<ref name = Kenyon138/>-->
Bagian [[Pericope Adulterae]] (Yohanes 7:53–8:11) termasuk ke dalam dua lembaran yang tidak ditemukan (yang seharusnya memuat Yohanes 7:3–8:34), tetapi diperkirakan memang tidak dimuat berdasarkan penghitungan jumlah baris, yaitu tidak cukup tempat sebagaimana pada Codex Alexandrinus.<ref>[[Bruce M. Metzger]], ''A Textual Commentary on the Greek New Testament'' ([[Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft]]: Stuttgart 2001), p. 187.</ref> Teks [[Markus 16#Ayat 9-20|Mark 16:9–20]] juga terdapat dalam lembaran yang hilang!, meskipun diperkirakan ada menurut penghitungan jumlah baris.<ref>[[Bruce M. Metzger]], ''A Textual Commentary on the Greek New Testament'' ([[Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft]]: Stuttgart 2001), p. 103.</ref> Teks [[Lukas 22#Ayat 43-44|Luke 22:43–44]] juga terdapat pada lembaran yang hilang, sehingga tidak diketahui dimuat atau tidaknya.<ref>''The Greek New Testament'', ed. K. Aland, A. Black, [[Carlo Maria Martini|C. M. Martini]], B. M. Metzger, and [[Allen Wikgren|A. Wikgren]], in cooperation with INTF, ''United Bible Societies'', 3rd edition, (Stuttgart 1983), p. 305. [UBS3]</ref> Ayat Markus 15:28 tidak termuatdimuat.<ref>''The Greek New Testament'', ed. K. Aland, A. Black, C. M. Martini, B. M. Metzger, and A. Wikgren, in cooperation with INTF, ''United Bible Societies'', 3rd edition, (Stuttgart 1983), p. 193.</ref>
Bagian Perjanjian Lama yang terlestarikan adalah bagian-bagian dari
* [[Kitab Kebijaksanaan]], dan
* [[Kitab Yesus bin Sirakh|Kitab Sirakh]].<ref>Würthwein Ernst (1988). ''Der Text des Alten Testaments'', Stuttgart: Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, p. 85.</ref>
[[Berkas:Codex Ephraemi Mt 1,1-18.JPG|thumbjmpl|rightka|200px|Matius 1:2–18 pada edisi faksimili Tischendorfs]]
Bagian Perjanjian Baru meliputi
* Empat [[Injil]]
* [[Injil Lukas]]: 1:1–2; 2:5–42; 3:21–4:25; 6:4–36; 7:17–8:28; 12:4–19:42; 20:28–21:20; 22:19–23:25; 24:7–45
* [[Injil Yohanes]]: 1:1–3; 1:41–3:33; 5:17–6:38; 7:3–8:34; 9:11–11:7; 11:47–13:7; 14:8–16:21; 18:36–20:25;
* [[Kisah Para Rasul]]: 1:1–2; 4:3–5:34; 6:8; 10:43–13:1; 16:37–20:10; 21:31–22:20; 323:18–24:15; 26:19–27:16; 28:5-akhir.;
* [[Surat Roma]]: 1:1–3; 2:5–3:21; 9:6–10:15; 11:31–13:10;
* [[Surat 1 Korintus]]: 1:1–2; 7:18–9:6; 13:8–15:40;
== Teks ==
[[Berkas:Codex Ephraemi Mt 26,52-69.JPG|thumbjmpl|rightka|200px|Matius 26:52–69 pada edisi faksimili Tischendorf (1843)]]
=== Jenis teks ===
Naskah Yunani ini tergolong jenis [[Teks Alexandria]], dengan sejumlah bacaan Bizantin pada kitab-kitab Injil, tetapi juga banyak bacaan jenis Alexandria. Dinyatakan sebagai saksi Bizantin lemah bagi Injil Matius, Alexandria lemah bagi Injil Markus, dan Alexandria kuat bagi Injil Yohanes. In Pada Injil. Lukas ciri tekstualnya tidak jelas.<ref name = Waltz>{{cite web |url=http://www.skypoint.com/members/waltzmn/ManuscriptsUncials.html#uC |title=An Introduction to New Testament Textual Criticism |chapter= New Testament Manuscripts Uncials |accessdate=2010-11-12 |author=Waltz, Robert |work=A Site Inspired By: The Encyclopedia of New Testament Textual Criticism}}</ref> Westcott-Hort serta [[Hermann von Soden]] menggolongkannya ke dalam jenis teks Alexandria.<ref name = Wisse/>
Menurut [[Kurt Aland]] untuk bacaan-bacaan tidak lazim, teks ini bersesuaian dengan jenis [[teks Bizantin][] umum 87 kali pada Kitab-kitab Injil, 13 kali pada Kisah para Rasul, 29 kali pada Surat-surat Paulus, dan 16 kali pada surat-surat Am. Bersesuaian dengan teks Nestle-Aland (gabungan berbagai jenis teks) 66 kali (Injil), 38 (Kisah), 104 (Paul), dan 41 (Am). Ada 50 bacaan independen atau unik pada Injil, 11 pada Kisah, 17 pada Paul, dan 14 pada surat-surat Am. Aland menempatkannya dalam [[Kategori Naskah Perjanjian Baru|Kategori II]].<ref name = Aland/> Menurut "Metode Profil Claremont" teks ini merupakan jenis campuran pada [[Lukas 1]], [[Lukas 10]], dan [[Lukas 20]].<ref name = Wisse>{{Cite book
| last = Wisse
| first = Frederik
| authorlink =
| title = The profile method for the classification and evaluation of manuscript evidence, as Applied to the Continuous Greek Text of the Gospel of Luke
| publisher = [[William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company]]
| year = 1982
| location = Grand Rapids
|page = [https://archive.org/details/profilemethodfor00wiss/page/52 52]
| page = 52
|url =https://archive.org/details/profilemethodfor00wiss
| url =
| doi =
| isbn = 0-8028-1918-4}}</ref>
Dalam kitab Wahyu, Codex Ephraemi merupakan saksi dari bentuk yang sama dengan teks Codex Alexandrinus.<ref>[[David C. Parker]], ''New Testament Manuscripts and Their Texts'', Cambridge University Press 2008, p. 235.</ref>
<!--
=== Interpolasi ===
InPada [[Matthew{{Alkitab|Matius 8:13]]}} itada hasteks additional texttambahan (seelihat Luke{{Alkitab|Lukas 7:10}}): {{Unicode|και υποστρεψας ο εκατονταρχος εις τον οικον αυτου εν αυτη τη ωρα ευρεν τον παιδα υγιαινοντα}} (''anddan whenketika theperwira centurionitu returnedkembali toke therumah housepada injam that houritu, heia foundmenemukan thehambanya slave wellsembuh'') assebagaimana wellkodeks-[[kodeks as codices (Sinaiticus]], [[Codex Petropolitanus Purpureus|N]]), [[Codex Koridethi|Θ]], [[Family 1|''f''<sup>1</sup>]], [[Minuscule 545|545]], [[Codex Sangermanensis I|g<sup>1</sup>]], syr<sup>h</sup>.<ref>Eberhard Nestle, Erwin Nestle, and [[Kurt Aland]] (eds), ''[[Novum Testamentum Graece]]'', 26th edition, (Stuttgart: ''[[Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft]]'', 1991), p. 18 [NA26]</ref>
InPada [[Matthew{{Alkitab|Matius 27:49]] codex}} containsada addedtambahan textteks: {{Unicode|ἄλλος δὲ λαβὼν λόγχην ἒνυξεν αὐτοῦ τὴν πλευράν, καὶ ἐξῆλθεν ὖδορ καὶ αἳμα}} (''theorang otheryang tooklain amengambil spearsebilah andtombak pierceddan Hismenusuk sidesisi-Nya, and immediatelydan camesegera outkeluar waterair anddan blooddarah''). ThisBacaan readingini wasditurunkan deriveddari from John{{Alkitab|Yohanes 19:34}} anddan occursjuga inditemukan otherpada manuscriptsnaskah-naskah ofjenis the[[teks AlexandrianAleksandria]] text-typelain (א, [[Codex Vaticanus|B]], [[Codex Regius (New Testament)|L]], [[Codex Tischendorfianus IV|Γ]], 1010, 1293, pc, vg<sup>mss</sup>).<ref>Bruce M. Metzger (2001). "A Textual Commentary on the Greek New Testament", ''[[Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft]]'', Stuttgart: United Bible Societies, p. 59.</ref><ref>[[Eberhard Nestle]], [[Erwin Nestle]], and [[Kurt Aland]] (eds), ''[[Novum Testamentum Graece]]'', 26th edition, (Stuttgart: ''[[Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft]]'', 1991), p. 84.</ref><ref>''The Greek New Testament'', ed. K. Aland, A. Black, C. M. Martini, B. M. Metzger, and A. Wikgren, in cooperation with INTF, ''United Bible Societies'', 3rd edition, (Stuttgart 1983), p. 113.</ref>
InPada Acts{{Alkitab|Kisah Para Rasul 14:19}} itada hasteks additional texttambahan: και διαλεγομενων αυτων παρρησια επεισαν τους οχλους αποστηναι απ' αυτων λεγοντες, οτι ουδεν αληθες λεγουσιν αλλα παντα ψευδονται for και πεισαντης τους οχλους;<ref>{{cite book | last = Aland | first = K. |last2= Black | first2 = M. | last3 = [[Carlo Maria Martini|C. M. Martini]], B. Metzger, A. Wikgren |title = The Greek New Testament | edition = 3 | publisher=United Bible Societies|place=Stuttgart|page=472|year=1983}}</ref> similaryang readingsmirip appeardengan inbacaan codicespada: [[Minuscule 6|6]], [[Minuscule 36|36]], [[Minuscule 81|81]], [[Minuscule 104|104]], [[Minuscule 326|326]], [[Minuscule 452|452]], 945, 1175, 1739.<ref>[[Eberhard Nestle]], [[Erwin Nestle]], Barbara Aland and [[Kurt Aland]] (eds), ''[[Novum Testamentum Graece]]'', 26th edition, (Stuttgart: ''[[Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft]]'', 1991), p. 363. [NA26]</ref>
-->
=== Sejumlah koreksi ===
[[Berkas:Codex Ephraemi 1 Tim 3,15-16.JPG|thumbjmpl|rightka|440px|Faksimili Scrivener dengan teks dari 1 Timotius 3:15–16]]
Dalam [[Matius 11#Ayat 2|Matius 11:2]] teks aslinya tertulis δια (''oleh'') sebagaimana kodeks א, B, [[Codex Bezae|D]], [[Codex Guelferbytanus A|P]], [[Codex Washingtonianus|W]], [[Codex Dublinensis|Z]], [[Codex Sangallensis 48|Δ]], [[Codex Koridethi|Θ]], [[Uncial 0233|0233]], ''f''<sup>13</sup>, 33, tetapi korektor ketiga C<sup>3</sup> mengubahnya menjadi δυο (''dua'') — sebagaimana pada kodeks L, ''f''<sup>1</sup>, Byz<ref>Eberhard Nestle, Erwin Nestle, Barbara Aland dan [[Kurt Aland]] (eds), ''[[Novum Testamentum Graece]]'', 26th edition, (Stuttgart: ''[[Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft]]'', 1991), p. 27. [NA26]</ref>
Wahyu 13:18
: "[[AngkaBilangan binatang]]" tertulis ''hexakosiai deka hex'' ("enam ratus enam belas");<ref>[[Herman C. Hoskier|erman C. Hoskier]], ''Concerning the Text of the Apocalypse'', vol. 2, p. 364.</ref> merupakan salah satu bacaan paling terkenal dari naskah ini, yang didukung oleh [[Papirus 115]], berbeda dengan mayoritas naskah lainnya yang memuat angka "666".<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Metzger|first1=Bruce M.|authorlink1=Bruce M. Metzger|last2=Ehrman|first2=Bart D. |authorlink2=Bart D. Ehrman|title=The Text of the New Testament: Its Transmission, Corruption and Restoration|year=2005|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=New York – Oxford|url=http://www.scribd.com/doc/32002991/Text-of-the-New-Testament-Its-Transmission-Corruption-Restoration|isbn=978-0-19-516122-9|page=61|access-date=2013-09-19|archive-date=2013-10-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131013130814/http://www.scribd.com/doc/32002991/Text-of-the-New-Testament-Its-Transmission-Corruption-Restoration|dead-url=yes}}</ref>
=== Sejumlah varian tekstual lain ===
[[Matius 22|Matius 22:10]] – γαμος ] αγαμος; beberapa naskah memuat νυμφων (codices א, B, L, [[Uncial 0138|0138]], 892, 1010);<ref>[[Eberhard Nestle]], [[Erwin Nestle]], and [[Kurt Aland]] (eds), ''[[Novum Testamentum Graece]]'', 26th edition, (Stuttgart: ''[[Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft]]'', 1991), p. 62.</ref>
{{Alkitab|Markus 10:35}} – οι υιοι Ζεβεδαιου (''putra-putra Zebedeus'') ] οι δυο υιοι Ζεβεδαιου (''kedua putra Zebedeus''); bacaan ini didukung oleh Codex Vaticanus dan versi Koptik;<ref>[[Eberhard Nestle]], [[Erwin Nestle]], and [[Kurt Aland]] (eds), ''[[Novum Testamentum Graece]]'', 26th edition, (Stuttgart: ''[[Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft]]'', 1991), p. 124.</ref>
{{Alkitab|Roma 16:15}} – Ιουλιαν, Νηρεα ] Ιουνιαν, Νηρεα; bacaan ini hanya didukung oleh [[Codex Boernerianus]] (teks bahasa Yunani).<ref>''The Greek New Testament'', ed. K. Aland, A. Black, C. M. Martini, B. M. Metzger, and A. Wikgren, in cooperation with INTF, ''United Bible Societies'', 3rd edition, (Stuttgart 1983), p. 575. [UBS3]</ref>
{{Alkitab|1 Korintus 2:1}} – μαρτυριον (''testimonykesaksian'') ] μυστηριον (''secretrahasia''); bacaan ini didukung oleh [[Papirus 46|<math>\mathfrak{P}</math><sup>46</sup>]], [[Codex Sinaiticus|א]], [[Codex Alexandrinus|Α]], [[Minuscule 88|88]], [[Minuscule 436|436]], it<sup>a,r</sup>, [[PeshittaPesyita|syr<sup>p</sup>]], cop<sup>bo</sup>; othernaskah-naskah manuscriptslain readmemuat σωτηριον (''saviorjuruselamat'').<ref>''The Greek New Testament'', ed. K. Aland, A. Black, C. M. Martini, B. M. Metzger, and A. Wikgren, in cooperation with INTF, ''United Bible Societies'', 3rd edition, (Stuttgart 1983), p. 581.</ref>
{{Alkitab|1 Korintus 7:5}} – τη νηστεια και τη προσευχη (''berpuasa dan berdoa'') ] τη προσευχη (''prayer''); bacaan ini didukung oleh [[Papirus 11|<math>\mathfrak{P}</math><sup>11</sup>]], <math>\mathfrak{P}</math><sup>46</sup>, א*, A, [[Codex Vaticanus|B]], C, D, G, P, Ψ, 33, 81, [[Minuscule 104|104]], [[Minuscule 181|181]], [[Minuscule 629|629]], [[Minuscule 630|630]], 1739, 1877, 1881, 1962, it vg, cop, arm, eth. Naskah-naskah lain memuat τη προσευχη και νηστεια (''berdoa dan berpuasa'').<ref>''The Greek New Testament'', ed. K. Aland, A. Black, C. M. Martini, B. M. Metzger, and A. Wikgren, in cooperation with INTF, ''United Bible Societies'', 3rd edition, (Stuttgart 1983), p. 591.</ref>
{{Alkitab|Yakobus 1:12}} – ο κυριος (''theSang LordTuhan'') ] κυριος (''LordTuhan''); sejumlah naskah memuat ο θεος (''God'') ([[Minuscule 4|4]], [[Minuscule 33|33]], [[Minuscule 2816|2816]]<sup>vid</sup>, [[Minuscule 323|323]], 945, 1739, vg, syr<sup>p</sup>), yang lain tidak memuat kata ini (א, A, B, Ψ, [[Minuscule 81|81]], ff, co).<ref name="NA26, p. 589">[[Eberhard Nestle]], [[Erwin Nestle]], and [[Kurt Aland]] (eds), ''[[Novum Testamentum Graece]]'', 26th edition, (Stuttgart: ''[[Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft]]'', 1991), p. 589.</ref>
{{Alkitab|2 Timotius 4:10}} – Γαλατιαν ] Γαλλιαν – bacaan ini didukung oleh Codex Sinaiticus, 81, 104, [[Minuscule 326|326]], 436.<ref>{{cite book | last = Aland | first = K. | last2 = Black | first2 = M. | last3 = [[Carlo Maria Martini|C. M. Martini]], B. Metzger, A. Wikgren |title = The Greek New Testament | edition = 3 | publisher=United Bible Societies|place=Stuttgart|page=737|year=1983}}</ref>
{{Alkitab|Wahyu 1:5}} – λουσαντι ημας εκ (''washedmenyucikan uskita fromdari'') ] λυσαντι ημας εκ (''freedmemerdekakan uskita fromdari'') — sebagaimana pada naskah-naskah: [[Papirus 18|P<sup>18</sup>]], [[Codex Sinaiticus|<big>א</big><sup>c</sup>]], [[Codex Alexandrinus|A]], [[Minuscule 2814|2814]], 2020, 2081.<ref>[[Eberhard Nestle]], [[Erwin Nestle]], and [[Kurt Aland]] (eds), ''[[Novum Testamentum Graece]]'', 26th edition, (Stuttgart: ''[[Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft]]'', 1991), p. 632.</ref>
== Sejarah ==
[[Berkas:Tischendorf um 1841.jpg|thumbjmpl|leftkiri|200px|Tischendorf pada tahun 1841]]
Naskah ini mungkin dibuat di Mesir (atau Palestina)<ref name = Gregory41/> sebelum pertengahan abad ke-5. Ditulis paling sedikit oleh dua jurutulis; menurut [[Constantin von Tischendorf|Tischendorf]], ada tiga jurutulis (A, B, C). Teksnya dikoreksi oleh tiga orang korektor, diberi kode C<sup>1</sup>, C<sup>2</sup>, dan C<sup>3</sup> (Tischendorf memberi kode C*, C**, dan C***). Kadang kala diberi kode C<sup>a</sup>, C<sup>b</sup>, dan C<sup>c</sup>.<ref name = Aland/>
Korektor pertama (C<sup>1</sup>) bekerja di suatu "scriptorium", sedangkan korektor kedua (C<sup>2</sup>) bekerja di Palestina pada abad ke-6. Koreksinya tidak banyak, hanya dalam [[Kitab Yesus bin Sirakh|Kitab Sirakh]].<ref name = Swete>{{Cite book | last = Swete | first = H. B. | title = An Introduction to the Old Testament in Greek| location = Cambridge| year = 1902 | url = http://www.archive.org/stream/anintrotooldtes00swetuoft#page/128/mode/2up| pages = 128–129}}</ref> Saat itu, naskah tersebut mungkin disimpan di perpustakaan "Theological Library of Caesarea Maritima" di kota [[Kaisarea]], suatu perpustakaan teologi yang terkenal pada zaman kuno.<ref>[[Bruce M. Metzger]], [[Bart D. Ehrman]], "The Text of the New Testament: Its Transmission, Corruption and Restoration", ''[[Oxford University Press]]'' (New York – Oxford, 2005), p. 70.</ref>
Korektor yang ketiga dan terakhir (C<sup>3</sup>) menulis pada abad ke-9, kemungkinan di kota [[Konstantinopel]]. Ia merevisi bacaan dalam codex untuk penggunaan gerejawi (''ecclesiastical''), menambahi tanda aksen, tanda nafas, dan catatan pembacaan. Ia juga menambahi petunjuk liturgis pada marjin, dan bekerja ekstensif pada codex.<ref name = Scrivener123/> It was re-written in the twelfth century.<ref>{{Cite book| last = Gregory | first = C. R. | authorlink = Caspar René Gregory | title = Canon and Text of the New Testament | publisher = Charles Scribner's Sons | year = 1907 | location = New York | page = 348 | url = http://www.archive.org/details/canontextofnewte00greg |accessdate= 2011-08-03 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Metzger |first1=Bruce M. |authorlink1=Bruce M. Metzger |last2=Ehrman |first2=Bart D. |authorlink2=Bart D. Ehrman |title=The Text of the New Testament: Its Transmission, Corruption and Restoration | edition = 4 |year=2005 |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=New York – Oxford |url= https://archive.org/details/textnewtestament00metz|isbn=978-0-19-516122-9 |page= [https://archive.org/details/textnewtestament00metz/page/70 70] }}</ref>
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After the [[fall of Constantinople]] in 1453, the ''codex'' was brought to Florence by an émigré scholar.<ref>[http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04084a.htm ''Codex Ephraemi Rescriptus'' – ''Catholic Encyclopedia'']</ref> It belonged to Niccolo Ridolpho († 1550) Cardinal of Florence. After his death it was probably bought by [[Piero Strozzi]], an Italian military leader, for [[Catherine de' Medici]]. Catherine brought it to France as part of her dowry, and from the Bourbon royal library it came to rest in the [[Bibliothèque nationale de France]], Paris. The manuscript was bound in 1602.<ref name = Gregory42>{{Cite book
| page = 121
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The first collation of the New Testament was made in 1716 by [[Johann Jakob Wettstein]] for [[Richard Bentley]], who intended to prepare a new edition of the ''Novum Testamentum Graece''. According to Bentley's correspondence, it took two hours to read one page, and Bentley paid Wettstein £50. This collation was used by Wettstein in his own Greek New Testament of 1751–1752.<ref name = Scrivener122>{{cite book
== Pustaka ==
; Teks codexkodeks
* {{Cite book | last = Tischendorf | first = C. v. | title = Codex Ephraemi Syri rescriptus, sive Fragmenta Novi Testamenti | url = http://books.google.pl/books?id=wWFAAAAAcAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=#v=onepage&q&f=false | location = Lipsiae | year = 1843 }}
* {{Cite book | last = Tischendorf | first = C. v. | title = Codex Ephraemi Syri rescriptus, sive Fragmenta Veteris Testamenti | url = http://www.archive.org/stream/Tischendorf.V.Various/01.CodexEphraemiSyriRescriptus.FragUtriusqTest.1845.#page/n9/mode/2up | location = Lipsiae | year = 1845}}
* Lyon, R. W. [http://www.biblical-data.org/ON_Codex%2004.htm ''A Re-Examination of Codex Ephraemi Rescriptus''], New Testament Studies (1959), 5, pp. 260–272.
; Deskripsi kodeks
; Pemerian codex
* {{Cite book | last = Comfort | first = Philip | title = Encountering the Manuscripts: An Introduction to New Testament Paleography and Textual Criticism|url = https://archive.org/details/encounteringmanu0000comf| publisher = Broadman & Holman Publishers | year = 2005}}
* {{Cite book | last = Fleck | first = Ferdinand Florens | title = Ueber die Handschrift des neuen Testamentes, gewoehnlich Codex Ephraemi Syri rescriptus genannt, in der koeniglichen Bibliothek zu Paris | url = http://idb.ub.uni-tuebingen.de/diglit/thstkr_1841/0128?sid=ffc7f131e362c1edaee574408f00a53c | location = Hamburg | year = 1841}}
* {{Cite book | last = Hatch | first = William Henry | authorlink = William Hatch| title = The Principal Uncial Manuscripts of the New Testament |url = https://archive.org/details/principaluncialm0000hatc_g0y5|publisher = The University of Chicago Press | location = Chicago | year = 1939}}
* {{Cite book | last = Kenyon | first = Frederic G. | authorlink = Frederic G. Kenyon | title = Our Bible and the Ancient Manuscripts|url |= https://archive.org/details/ourbibleancientm0000keny|edition = 4th | location = London | year = 1939}}
* {{Cite book | last = Metzger | first = Bruce M. | authorlink = Bruce M. Metzger | title = Manuscripts of the Greek Bible: An Introduction to Palaeography|url = https://archive.org/details/manuscriptsofgre0000metz| publisher = Oxford University Press | location = Oxford | year = 1981}}
* {{Cite book | last = Swete | first = Henry B. | authorlink = Henry Barclay Swete | title = An Introduction to the Old Testament in Greek| location = Cambridge| year = 1902 | url = http://www.archive.org/stream/anintrotooldtes00swetuoft#page/128/mode/2up| pages = 128–129}}
== Pranala luar ==
* Michael D. Marlowe, [http://www.bible-researcher.com/codex-c.html ''Codex Ephraemi Syri Rescriptus''] Bible Research
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