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{{infobox Aircraft
|name= Tornado IDS/ECR
|type= Pesawat tempur multiperan, Pesawat tempur serang
|manufacturer= [[Panavia Aircraft GmbH]]
|image=
|caption= Panavia Tornado
|designer=
|first flight= 14 Agustus 1974
|introduced= 1979
|retired=
|produced=
|primary user= [[
|more users=
|number built= 992
|status= Operasional
Baris 19:
}}
'''Panavia Tornado''' adalah pesawat tempur [[pesawat terbang supersonik|supersonik]] dua mesin bersayap variabel yang dibuat bersama oleh Inggris, Jerman Barat dan Italia. Ada 3 varian utama dari pesawat ini Tornado IDS (serang darat), Tornado ECR (Perang Elektronika/intai) dan [[Panavia Tornado ADV|Tornado ADV]] (Varian pertahanan udara/Air Defence Variant atau pesawat buru sergap).
== Varian ==
=== Tornado IDS ===
;Tornado GR1
Varian RAF IDS awalnya ditunjuk Tornado GR1 dengan pesawat kemudian dimodifikasi ditunjuk Tornado GR1A, Tornado GR1B, Tornado GR4 dan Tornado GR4A. Yang pertama dari 228 GR1 disampaikan pada tanggal 5 Juni 1979, dan jenis mulai beroperasi pada awal 1980-an. Sebanyak 142 pesawat upgrade ke GR4 standar pada 1997-2003.
;Tornado GR1B
Tornado GR1B adalah varian khusus anti-shiping dari GR1. Sebanyak 26 dikonversi, berbasis di RAF Lossiemouth, Skotlandia, menggantikan Blackburn Buccaneer.
;Tornado GR4
Pada tahun 1984, Kementerian Pertahanan Inggris mulai studi untuk GR1 Mid-Life Update (MLU). Update standar GR4, disetujui pada tahun 1994, akan meningkatkan kemampuan dalam peran media-ketinggian berdasarkan pelajaran dari kinerja GR1 dalam Perang Teluk 1991. British Aerospace (BAE Systems kemudian) upgrade 142 Tornado GR4 ke GR1 standar, dimulai pada tahun 1996 dan selesai pada tahun 2003.
;Tornado GR1A/GR4A
GR1A adalah varian pengintai yang digunakan oleh RAF dan RSAF, dilengkapi dengan TIRRS (Tornado Infra-Red Reconnaissance System), menggantikan meriam.
=== Tornado ECR ===
Dioperasikan oleh Jerman dan Italia, ECR adalah varian Tornado dikhususkan untuk misi Pemberantasan Pertahanan Udara Musuh (SEAD). Ini pertama kali disampaikan pada 21 Mei 1990. ECR memiliki sensor untuk mendeteksi penggunaan radar dan dilengkapi dengan rudal anti radiasi AGM-88 HARM.
=== Tornado ADV ===
Tornado ADV adalah varian pencegat dari Tornado, dikembangkan untuk RAF (ditunjuk Tornado F2 atau F3) dan juga dioperasikan oleh Arab Saudi dan Italia. ADV memiliki kelincahan yang tak sebaik pesawat tempur seperti McDonnell Douglas F-15 Eagle. Hal tersebut dikarenakan memang bukan tugasnya untuk bertarung, melainkan untuk melakukan pencegatan jarak jauh terhadap pembom-pembom era perang dingin.
== Spesifikasi (Tornado GR4) ==
[[Berkas:Panavia Tornado IDS.svg|400px]]
{{Aircraft specifications
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<!-- please answer the following questions -->
|plane or copter?=plane
|jet or prop?=jet
<!-- Now, fill out the specs. Please include units where appropriate (main comes first, alt in parentheses).
If an item doesn't apply, like capacity, leave it blank. For additional lines, end your alt units with )</li> and start a new, fully-formatted line with <li> -->
|ref={{Citation needed|date=May 2008}}
|crew=2
|span main=13.91 m at 25° wing sweep, 8.60 m at 67° wing sweep
|span alt=45.6 ft / 28.2 ft
|area main=26.6 m²
|area alt=286 ft²
|length main=16.72 m
|length alt=54 ft 10 in
|height main=5.95 m
|height alt=19.5 ft
|empty weight main= 13,890 kg
|empty weight alt=31,620 lb
|loaded weight main=
|loaded weight alt=
|max takeoff weight main=28,000 kg
|max takeoff weight alt=61,700 lb
|engine (jet)=[[Turbo-Union RB199]]-34R Mk 103
|type of jet=[[afterburner|afterburning]] [[turbofan]]s
|number of jets=2
|thrust main=43.8 kN
|thrust alt=9,850 lbf
|afterburning thrust main=76.8 kN
|afterburning thrust alt=17,270 lbf
|thrust more=
|max speed main=800kts IAS [[Mach number|Mach 2.34]]
|max speed alt=2,417.6 km/h, 1,511 mph
|ceiling main=15,240 m
|ceiling alt=50,000 ft
|range main=1,390 km
|range alt=870 mi
|range more=typical combat
|ferry range main=3,890 km
|ferry range alt=2,417 mi
|ferry range more=with four external drop tanks
|climb rate main=76.7 m/s
|climb rate alt=15,100 ft/min
|loading main=
|loading alt=
|thrust/weight=0.55
|guns=2× 27 mm [[Mauser BK-27]] cannon with 180 rounds per gun (versus 1× BK-27 mounted on [[Panavia Tornado ADV]])
|hardpoints=4× light duty + 3× heavy duty under-fuselage and 4× swivelling under-wing pylon stations holding up to 9000 kg (19,800 lb) of payload, the two inner wing pylons have shoulder launch rails for 2× Short-Range AAM (SRAAM) each
|rockets=None
|missiles=<br />
** [[Air-to-air missile]]s:
*** [[AIM-9 Sidewinder]] ''atau'' [[IRIS-T]] ''atau'' [[AIM-132 ASRAAM]] untuk pertahanan
** [[Air-to-surface missile]]s:
*** 6× [[AGM-65 Maverick]]; ''atau''
*** 12× [[Brimstone missile]] (maksimum 12 missile untuk Tornado GR4 milik RAF); ''atau''
*** 4× [[Storm Shadow]] ''atau'' [[Taurus KEPD 350]] [[cruise missile]]
** [[Anti-ship missile]]s:
*** 2× [[AS.34 Kormoran]]; ''atau''
*** 2× [[Sea Eagle missile|BAe Sea Eagle]]; ''atau''
** [[Anti-radiation missile]]s:
*** 4× [[AGM-88 HARM]]; ''atau''
*** 9× [[ALARM missile]]
|bombs=<br />
** [[BL755]] [[cluster bomb]]s; ''atau''
** [[HOPE/HOSBO]] GPS/electro-optically guided [[glide bomb]]s; ''atau''
** [[Joint Direct Attack Munition]]; ''atau''
** [[Paveway]] series of [[Laser-guided bomb]] (LGB); ''atau''
** Up to 2× [[JP233]] ''atau'' [[MW-1|MW-1 munitions dispensers]] (untuk membuat lubang di runway)
** Up to 4× [[B61 nuclear bomb|B61]] ''atau'' [[WE.177]] [[tactical nuclear weapon]]s
* '''Others''':
* Up to 4× [[drop tank]]s untuk penerbangan ferry/penambahan jarak tempur/waktu penyerangan
|avionics=
* [[RAPTOR]] [[aerial reconnaissance]] pod
* [[Rafael Advanced Defense Systems|RAFAEL]] [[LITENING targeting pod]]; ''atau''
* [[TIALD]] [[laser designator]] pod
* [[BAE Systems Sky Shadow]] pod
}}
== Lihat pula ==
{{Aircontent
|related=
* [[Panavia Tornado ADV]]
|similar aircraft=
* [[F-15E Strike Eagle]]
* [[General Dynamics F-111|F-111 Aardvark]]
* [[Mikoyan MiG-27]]
* [[Sukhoi Su-24]]
* [[F-14 Tomcat]]
|lists=
* [[List of active United Kingdom military aircraft]]
* [[List of military aircraft of Germany]]
|see also=
* [[Future Offensive Air System]]
}}
== Album ==
<center><gallery widths="180px" heights="120px" perrow="3" caption="Panavia Tornado">
File:Panavia Tornado 4503.ogv
File:RAF GR4 Tornado flares apr 2004 140 hires.jpg
File:US Navy 030617-N-4374S-016 A German fighter jet Panavia Tornado GR.Mk 1, flies over the Aegis class, guided missile cruiser USS Vella Gulf (CG 72) during the annual maritime exercise Baltic Operations 2003 (BALTOPS).jpg
File:Tornado variable sweep wing Manching.JPG
File:Tornado.ze342.arp.jpg
File:Tornado GR4s, 617 Squadron 2006.jpg
File:Panavia Tornado Luftwaffe.jpg
</gallery></center>
== Referensi ==
=== Catatan ===
{{reflist|2}}
=== Bibliografi ===
* {{cite book|first = Jerry|last = Scutts|title = Postwar Aircraft|publisher = Osprey Publishing|year = 2000|isbn = 9781841761596}}
* {{cite book|last=Taylor|first=Michael J.H.|title=Flight International World Aircraft & Systems Directory|edition=3rd Edition|year=2001|publisher=Reed Business Information|location=United Kingdom|isbn=061701289X}}
== Pranala luar ==
{{Commons|Panavia Tornado}}
* [http://www.raf.mod.uk/structure/squadrons.cfm RAF Squadrons] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140219044631/http://www.raf.mod.uk/structure/squadrons.cfm |date=2014-02-19 }}
* [http://www.airforce-technology.com/projects/tornado/ Airforce Fact Files]
* [http://www.fas.org/man/dod-101/sys/ac/row/tornado.htm FAS - BAe Tornado]
* [http://www.aerospaceweb.org/aircraft/bomber/tornado_ids/ Aerospace Web - Tornado IDS]
* [http://www.tornado-data.com/ Unofficial Panavia Tornado site]
* [http://callsigns.de/search.php?do=search&searchstring=tornado&pages=0 List of all active German Tornados] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081220054301/http://callsigns.de/search.php?do=search&searchstring=tornado&pages=0 |date=2008-12-20 }}
{{British Aircraft Corporation aircraft}}
{{Transportasi supersonik}}
[[Kategori:Pesawat militer]]
[[Kategori:Pesawat jet]]
[[Kategori:Pesawat serang darat internasional 1970-1979]]
[[Kategori:Pesawat Udara Angkatan Laut Jerman]]
[[Kategori:Pesawat terbang Messerschmitt-Bölkow-Blohm|Panavia Tornado]]
[[Kategori:Pesawat terbang Alenia|Panavia Tornado]]
[[Kategori:Pesawat jet supersonik|Panavia Tornado]]
[[Kategori:Pesawat Tempur Multifungsi]]
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