|
'''Peristiwa anoksik oseanik''' atau '''peristiwa anoksik''' (kondisi [[perairan anoksik|anoksia]]) merujuk kepada interval pada masa lalu Bumi dimana belahan-belahan [[samuderasamudra]] terisi dengan [[oksigen|oksigen (O<sub>2</sub>)]] di kedalaman pada sebuah wilayah geografi besar. Pada beberapa peristiwa, perairan [[euksinia]] yang terdiri dari [[hidrogen sulfida]] {{chem|H|2|S}}, dikembangkan.<ref>{{cite journal|author= Timothy W. Lyons|author2= Ariel D. Anbar|author3= Silke Severmann|author4= Clint Scott|author5= Benjamin C. Gill|last-author-amp= yes|title= Tracking Euxinia in the Ancient Ocean: A Multiproxy Perspective and Proterozoic Case Study|journal= Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences|date= January 19, 2009|volume= 37|pages= 507–53|doi= 10.1146/annurev.earth.36.031207.124233|url= http://www.annualreviews.org/doi/abs/10.1146/annurev.earth.36.031207.124233|accessdate= April 11, 2014|bibcode = 2009AREPS..37..507L|archive-date= 2020-05-15|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20200515171624/https://www.annualreviews.org/doi/abs/10.1146/annurev.earth.36.031207.124233|dead-url= yes}}</ref> Meski peristiwa ini tidak terjadi selama jutaan tahun, catatan geologis menunjukkan bahwa peristiwa anoksik telah terjadi beberapa kali di masa lalu. Peristiwa anoksik bertepatan dengan beberapa [[kepunahan massal]] dan mungkin berkontribusi kepadanya.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Wignall|first=Paul B.|author2=Richard J. Twitchett|date=24 May 1996|title=Oceanic Anoxia and the End Permian Mass Extinction|journal=Science|series=5265|volume=272|issue=5265|pages=1155–1158|bibcode=1996Sci...272.1155W|doi=10.1126/science.272.5265.1155|pmid=8662450|s2cid=35032406}}</ref> Peristiwa kepunahan massal ini mencakup beberapa yang [[Geobiologi|geobiolog]] gunakan sebagai [[GSSP|penanda waktu]] dengan penanggalan [[biostratigrafi]].<ref>{{cite book|author=Peters, Walters|author2=Modowan K.E.|year=2005|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qk8anEDZykwC&q=Anoxic+OCEAN+caused+by+greenhouse+gases&pg=PA749|title=The Biomarker Guide, Volume 2: Biomarkers and Isotopes in the Petroleum Exploration and Earth History|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-83762-0|pages=749}}</ref> Di sisi lain, ada berbagai lapisan [[serpih hitam]] yang tersebar di seluruh dunia, yang berasal dari [[Kapur (zaman)|Kapur Tengah]] yang mengindikasikan adanya peristiwa anoksik namun tidak berhubungan dengan kepunahan massal.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Ohkouchi|first1=Naohiko|last2=Kuroda|first2=Junichiro|last3=Taira|first3=Asahiko|date=2015|title=The origin of Cretaceous black shales: a change in the surface ocean ecosystem and its triggers|journal=Proceedings of the Japan Academy, Series B|volume=91|issue=7|pages=273–291|bibcode=2015PJAB...91..273O|doi=10.2183/pjab.91.273|pmc=4631894|pmid=26194853}}</ref> Banyak geolog percaya bahwa peristiwa ini terhubung erat dengan melambatya sirkulasi laut, pemanasan iklim dan naiknya [[gas rumah kaca]]. Peneliti menyarankan volkanisme berkembang (terlepasnya CO2) sebagai "pemicu pusat eksternal dari euksinia"<ref name="Kump 2008">{{cite journal|last1=Meyer|first1=Katja M.|last2=Kump|first2=Lee R.|year=2008|title=Oceanic Euxinia in Earth History: Causes and Consequences|journal=Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences|volume=36|pages=251–288|bibcode=2008AREPS..36..251M|doi=10.1146/annurev.earth.36.031207.124256}}</ref><ref name="auto">{{cite journal|last1=Jurikova|first1=Hana|last2=Gutjahr|first2=Marcus|last3=Wallmann|first3=Klaus|last4=Flögel|first4=Sascha|last5=Liebetrau|first5=Volker|last6=Posenato|first6=Renato|last7=Angiolini|first7=Lucia|last8=Garbelli|first8=Claudio|last9=Brand|first9=Uwe|date=November 2020|title=Permian–Triassic mass extinction pulses driven by major marine carbon cycle perturbations|url=https://oceanrep.geomar.de/id/eprint/50744/7/pm_2020_55_PTB.pdf|journal=Nature Geoscience|volume=13|issue=11|pages=745–750|bibcode=2020NatGe..13..745J|doi=10.1038/s41561-020-00646-4|last10=Wiedenbeck|first10=Michael|last11=Eisenhauer|first11=Anton|s2cid=224783993}}</ref>
== Referensi ==
}}
* {{cite journal |author=Kump, L.R. |author2=Pavlov, A. |author3=Arthur, M.A. |last-author-amp=yes |title=Massive release of hydrogen sulfide to the surface ocean and atmosphere during intervals of oceanic anoxia |journal=Geology |volume=33 |pages=397–400 |year=2005 |doi=10.1130/G21295.1 |bibcode=2005Geo....33..397K |issue=5}}
* {{cite book |author=Hallam, A. |authorlink = Anthony Hallam|title=Catastrophes and lesser calamities: the causes of mass extinctions |url=https://archive.org/details/catastrophesless00hall |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=Oxford [Oxfordshire] |year=2004 |pages=91–607[https://archive.org/details/catastrophesless00hall/page/91 91]–607 |isbn=0-19-852497-8 }}
* Demaison G.J. and Moore G.T., (1980),"Anoxic environments and oil source bed genesis". American Association of Petroleum Geologists (AAPG) Bulletin, Vol.54, 1179–1209.
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20051031002313/http://www.usssp-iodp.org/PDFs/Workshop_PDFs/cretaceous_climate_report.pdf Cretaceous climate-ocean dynamics]
* {{cite journal
|author1=R.D. Pancost
|author2=N. Crawford
|author3=S. Magness
|author4=A. Turner
|author5=H.C. Jenkyns
|author6=J.R. Maxwell
|title=Further evidence for photic-zone euxinic conditions during Mesozoic oceanic anoxic events
|journal=Journal of the Geological Society
|volume=161
|pages=353–364
|year=2004
|doi=10.1144/0016764903-059
|url=http://eprints.ouls.ox.ac.uk/archive/00000808/01/Jenkyns_2004.pdf
|deadurl=yes
|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20061009193925/http://eprints.ouls.ox.ac.uk/archive/00000808/01/Jenkyns_2004.pdf
|archivedate=2006-10-09
|df=
}}
* Hugh Jenkyns talking about the Bonarelli Level and OAEs [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-6pSFflZUIQ]
| 