Hawthorne, California: Perbedaan antara revisi
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Baris 12:
|image_flag =
|flag_size =
|image_seal =
|image_blank_emblem = Hawthorne CA logo.png
|nickname =
Baris 30:
|subdivision_type2 = [[Daftar county di California|County]]
|subdivision_name1 = {{flag|California}}
|subdivision_name2 = {{flagicon image|Flag of Los Angeles County, California.
<!-- History -------------->
|established_title3 = [[korporasi munisipal|Terinkorporasi]]
Baris 38:
| format = Word
| publisher = California Association of [[Local Agency Formation Commission]]s
| accessdate = August 25, 2014
| archive-date = 2014-11-03
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20141103002921/http://www.calafco.org/docs/Cities_by_incorp_date.doc
| dead-url = yes
}}</ref>
<!-- Government ----------->
|government_type =
|leader_title = [[Dewan kota]]
|leader_name = [[
|unit_pref = US
|area_footnotes = <ref>{{Cite US Gazetteer|2010|places|CA}}</ref>
Baris 61 ⟶ 65:
|population_total = 84293
|population_as_of = [[Sensus Amerika Serikat 2010|1 April 2010]]
|population_footnotes = <ref name=quif>{{Cite web|url=http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/06/0632548.html|title=Hawthorne (city) QuickFacts|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|accessdate=November 16, 2016|archive-date=2016-02-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160207111156/http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/06/0632548.html|dead-url=yes}}</ref>
|population_density_km2 = auto
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Baris 68 ⟶ 72:
|pop_est_footnotes = <ref name=quif/>
|postal_code_type = [[ZIP code]]s
|postal_code = 90250 and 90251<ref>{{cite web | url = http://zip4.usps.com/zip4/zcl_1_results.jsp?visited=1&pagenumber=0&state=ca&city=Hawthorne | title = USPS – ZIP Code Lookup – Find a ZIP+ 4 Code By City Results | accessdate = 2007-01-18 | archive-date = 2011-08-06 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110806185708/http://zip4.usps.com/zip4/zcl_1_results.jsp?visited=1&pagenumber=0&state=ca&city=Hawthorne | dead-url = no }}</ref>
|area_code = [[Kode wilayah 310 dan 424|310/424]],<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.nanpa.com/nas/public/npa_city_query_step2.do?method=displayData&cityToNpaModel.stateAbbr=CA&cityToNpaModel.city=Hawthorne | title = Number Administration System – NPA and City/Town Search Results | accessdate = 2007-01-18 | archive-date = 2007-09-29 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070929090148/http://www.nanpa.com/nas/public/npa_city_query_step2.do?method=displayData&cityToNpaModel.stateAbbr=CA&cityToNpaModel.city=Hawthorne | dead-url = yes }}</ref> [[Kode wilayah 323|323]]
|area_code_type = [[Rencana Penomoran Amerika Utara|Kode wilayah]]
|website = {{URL|www.cityofhawthorne.org}}
Baris 75 ⟶ 79:
<!-- Location ------------->
|leader_title2 = [[Manajer kota]] interim
|leader_name2 = Arnold Shadbehr<ref name=mgr>{{cite web | url = http://www.cityofhawthorne.org/home-citymanager/ | title = City of Hawthorne, CA – City Manager | accessdate = June 1, 2015 | archive-date = 2017-02-27 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170227105340/http://www.cityofhawthorne.org/home-citymanager | dead-url = yes }}</ref>
|leader_title3 = [[Bendahara kota]]
|leader_name3 = L. David Patterson<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.cityofhawthorne.org/david-patterson/ | title = City of Hawthorne, CA - City Treasurer | accessdate = 2015-01-13 | archive-date = 2014-10-29 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20141029211301/http://www.cityofhawthorne.org/david-patterson/ | dead-url = yes }}</ref>
|leader_title4 = [[Clerk kota]]
|leader_name4 = Norb Huber<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.cityofhawthorne.org/city-clerk-home/ | title = City of Hawthorne, CA – City Clerk | accessdate = 2014-09-06 | archive-date = 2014-08-26 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140826041131/http://www.cityofhawthorne.org/city-clerk-home/ | dead-url = yes }}</ref>
|leader_title5 = Kepala Polisi
|leader_name5 = Robert Fager<ref>{{cite web | url = http://hawthornepolice.com/about-us/ | title = City of Hawthorne, CA – Police Chief | accessdate = 2014-09-06 | archive-date = 2014-09-07 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140907010349/http://hawthornepolice.com/about-us/ | dead-url = yes }}</ref>
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|timezone = [[Zona Waktu Pasifik]]
Baris 100 ⟶ 104:
Kota tersebut didirikan pada 1905 sebagai "Hawthorne Improvement Company" oleh B.L. Harding dan H.D. Lombard. Putri Harding berbagi hari ulang tahunnya—4 Juli, Hari Kemerdekaan Amerika—dengan pengarang New England [[Nathaniel Hawthorne]], dan memutuskan untuk membuat nama yang mengambil nama darinya.<ref>{{cite book | last1 = Dixon | first1 = Walt | last2 = Roberts | first2 = Jerry | title = Hawthorne | publisher = Arcadia | year = 2005 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=qaCZmC905agC&lpg=PP1&pg=PP1#v=onepage&q&f=false | pages = 10}}</ref>
Hawthorne sempat menjadi pemukiman "khusus orang kulit putih", umumnya disebut [[kota matahari tenggelam]]. Pada 1930an, tanda peringatan Afrika Amerika dicopot dari Hawthorne.<ref>{{cite news |last=Wexler |first=Laura |date=October 23, 2005 |title=Book Review: Darkness on the Edge of Town (A review of ''SUNDOWN TOWNS: A Hidden Dimension of American Racism'' by James W. Loewen) |work=The Washington Post |page=BW03 |url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/10/20/AR2005102001715.html |accessdate=January 2016 |archive-date=2021-02-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210201210514/https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/10/20/AR2005102001715.html |dead-url=no }}</ref>
== Lihat pula ==
Baris 109 ⟶ 113:
== Bacaan tambahan ==
* Dixon, Walt, and Jerry Roberts (2005). [https://books.google.com/books?id=qaCZmC905agC ''Hawthorne'']. Images of America. Charleston, SC: Arcadia Publishing. ISBN
== Pranala luar ==
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