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Revisi per 26 Mei 2020 12.01 sunting AABot (bicara \| kontrib) Bot, Pengecualian blokir IP 913.941 suntingan k Bot: Perubahan kosmetika Tag: PAWS [1.2] ← Revisi sebelumnya		Revisi terkini sejak 22 November 2023 17.39 sunting balikkan CommonsDelinker (bicara \| kontrib) Pengguna terkonfirmasi, Pengecualian blokir IP, Peninjau 54.403 suntingan Mengganti Hawthorne_CA_seal.jpg dengan Seals_of_Hawthorne,_California.jpg (berkas dipindahkan oleh CommonsDelinker; alasan: File renamed: [[:c:COM:FR#FR4\|Criterion
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Baris 12: \|image_flag = \|flag_size = \|image_seal = ~~Hawthorne~~Seals CAof Hawthorne, ~~seal~~California.jpg \|image_blank_emblem = Hawthorne CA logo.png \|nickname = Baris 38: \| format = Word \| publisher = California Association of [[Local Agency Formation Commission]]s \| accessdate = August 25, 2014~~}}</ref>~~ \| archive-date = 2014-11-03 \| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20141103002921/http://www.calafco.org/docs/Cities_by_incorp_date.doc \| dead-url = yes }}</ref> <!-- Government -----------> \|government_type = \|leader_title = [[Dewan kota]] \|leader_name = [[Wali kota]] [[Alex Vargas (politikus California)\|Alex Vargas]]<ref>{{cite web \| url = http://www.cityofhawthorne.org/chris-brown/ \| title = City of Hawthorne, CA – Mayor \| accessdate = 2014-09-06 \| archive-date = 2014-08-26 \| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140826041136/http://www.cityofhawthorne.org/chris-brown/ \| dead-url = yes }}</ref> <br/> Haidar Awad<ref>{{cite web \| url = http://www.cityofhawthorne.org/olivia-valentine/ \| title = City of Hawthorne, CA – Mayor Pro-Tem \| accessdate = 2007-01-18 \| archive-date = 2014-08-11 \| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140811170131/http://www.cityofhawthorne.org/olivia-valentine \| dead-url = yes }}</ref> <br/> Angie English<ref>{{cite web \| url = http://www.cityofhawthorne.org/alex-vargas/ \| title = Council Member Alex Vargas \| accessdate = February 27, 2015 \| archive-date = 2020-04-05 \| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200405075700/http://www.cityofhawthorne.org/alex-vargas \| dead-url = yes }}</ref> <br/> Nilo Michelin<ref>{{cite web \| url = http://www.cityofhawthorne.org/council-member-nilo-michelin/ \| title = Council Member Nilo Michelin \| accessdate = February 27, 2015 \| archive-date = 2017-05-04 \| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170504030203/http://www.cityofhawthorne.org/council-member-nilo-michelin \| dead-url = yes }}</ref> <br/> <ref>{{cite web \| url = http://www.cityofhawthorne.org/angie-english/ \| title = City of Hawthorne, CA – Councilmember \| accessdate = 2014-09-06 \| archive-date = 2014-09-07 \| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140907030213/http://www.cityofhawthorne.org/angie-english/ \| dead-url = yes }}</ref> \|unit_pref = US \|area_footnotes = <ref>{{Cite US Gazetteer\|2010\|places\|CA}}</ref> Baris 61 ⟶ 65: \|population_total = 84293 \|population_as_of = [[Sensus Amerika Serikat 2010\|1 April 2010]] \|population_footnotes = <ref name=quif>{{Cite web\|url=http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/06/0632548.html\|title=Hawthorne (city) QuickFacts\|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]\|accessdate=November 16, 2016\|archive-date=2016-02-07\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160207111156/http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/06/0632548.html\|dead-url=yes}}</ref> \|population_density_km2 = auto <!-- Time zones -----------> Baris 68 ⟶ 72: \|pop_est_footnotes = <ref name=quif/> \|postal_code_type = [[ZIP code]]s \|postal_code = 90250 and 90251<ref>{{cite web \| url = http://zip4.usps.com/zip4/zcl_1_results.jsp?visited=1&pagenumber=0&state=ca&city=Hawthorne \| title = USPS – ZIP Code Lookup – Find a ZIP+ 4 Code By City Results \| accessdate = 2007-01-18 \| archive-date = 2011-08-06 \| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110806185708/http://zip4.usps.com/zip4/zcl_1_results.jsp?visited=1&pagenumber=0&state=ca&city=Hawthorne \| dead-url = no }}</ref> \|area_code = [[Kode wilayah 310 dan 424\|310/424]],<ref>{{cite web \| url = http://www.nanpa.com/nas/public/npa_city_query_step2.do?method=displayData&cityToNpaModel.stateAbbr=CA&cityToNpaModel.city=Hawthorne \| title = Number Administration System – NPA and City/Town Search Results \| accessdate = 2007-01-18 \| archive-date = 2007-09-29 \| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070929090148/http://www.nanpa.com/nas/public/npa_city_query_step2.do?method=displayData&cityToNpaModel.stateAbbr=CA&cityToNpaModel.city=Hawthorne \| dead-url = yes }}</ref> [[Kode wilayah 323\|323]] \|area_code_type = [[Rencana Penomoran Amerika Utara\|Kode wilayah]] \|website = {{URL\|www.cityofhawthorne.org}} Baris 75 ⟶ 79: <!-- Location -------------> \|leader_title2 = [[Manajer kota]] interim \|leader_name2 = Arnold Shadbehr<ref name=mgr>{{cite web \| url = http://www.cityofhawthorne.org/home-citymanager/ \| title = City of Hawthorne, CA – City Manager \| accessdate = June 1, 2015 \| archive-date = 2017-02-27 \| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170227105340/http://www.cityofhawthorne.org/home-citymanager \| dead-url = yes }}</ref> \|leader_title3 = [[Bendahara kota]] \|leader_name3 = L. David Patterson<ref>{{cite web \| url = http://www.cityofhawthorne.org/david-patterson/ \| title = City of Hawthorne, CA - City Treasurer \| accessdate = 2015-01-13 \| archive-date = 2014-10-29 \| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20141029211301/http://www.cityofhawthorne.org/david-patterson/ \| dead-url = yes }}</ref> \|leader_title4 = [[Clerk kota]] \|leader_name4 = Norb Huber<ref>{{cite web \| url = http://www.cityofhawthorne.org/city-clerk-home/ \| title = City of Hawthorne, CA – City Clerk \| accessdate = 2014-09-06 \| archive-date = 2014-08-26 \| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140826041131/http://www.cityofhawthorne.org/city-clerk-home/ \| dead-url = yes }}</ref> \|leader_title5 = Kepala Polisi \|leader_name5 = Robert Fager<ref>{{cite web \| url = http://hawthornepolice.com/about-us/ \| title = City of Hawthorne, CA – Police Chief \| accessdate = 2014-09-06 \| archive-date = 2014-09-07 \| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140907010349/http://hawthornepolice.com/about-us/ \| dead-url = yes }}</ref> <!-- Area -----------------> \|timezone = [[Zona Waktu Pasifik]] Baris 100 ⟶ 104: Kota tersebut didirikan pada 1905 sebagai "Hawthorne Improvement Company" oleh B.L. Harding dan H.D. Lombard. Putri Harding berbagi hari ulang tahunnya—4 Juli, Hari Kemerdekaan Amerika—dengan pengarang New England [[Nathaniel Hawthorne]], dan memutuskan untuk membuat nama yang mengambil nama darinya.<ref>{{cite book \| last1 = Dixon \| first1 = Walt \| last2 = Roberts \| first2 = Jerry \| title = Hawthorne \| publisher = Arcadia \| year = 2005 \| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=qaCZmC905agC&lpg=PP1&pg=PP1#v=onepage&q&f=false \| pages = 10}}</ref> Hawthorne sempat menjadi pemukiman "khusus orang kulit putih", umumnya disebut [[kota matahari tenggelam]]. Pada 1930an, tanda peringatan Afrika Amerika dicopot dari Hawthorne.<ref>{{cite news \|last=Wexler \|first=Laura \|date=October 23, 2005 \|title=Book Review: Darkness on the Edge of Town (A review of ''SUNDOWN TOWNS: A Hidden Dimension of American Racism'' by James W. Loewen) \|work=The Washington Post \|page=BW03 \|url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/10/20/AR2005102001715.html \|accessdate=January 2016 \|archive-date=2021-02-01 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210201210514/https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/10/20/AR2005102001715.html \|dead-url=no }}</ref> == Lihat pula ==