Hawthorne, California: Perbedaan antara revisi
Konten dihapus Konten ditambahkan
Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.8 |
Mengganti Hawthorne_CA_seal.jpg dengan Seals_of_Hawthorne,_California.jpg (berkas dipindahkan oleh CommonsDelinker; alasan: File renamed: [[:c:COM:FR#FR4|Criterion |
||
| (3 revisi perantara oleh 2 pengguna tidak ditampilkan) | |||
Baris 12:
|image_flag =
|flag_size =
|image_seal =
|image_blank_emblem = Hawthorne CA logo.png
|nickname =
Baris 46:
|government_type =
|leader_title = [[Dewan kota]]
|leader_name = [[Wali kota]] [[Alex Vargas (politikus California)|Alex Vargas]]<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.cityofhawthorne.org/chris-brown/ | title = City of Hawthorne, CA – Mayor | accessdate = 2014-09-06 | archive-date = 2014-08-26 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140826041136/http://www.cityofhawthorne.org/chris-brown/ | dead-url = yes }}</ref> <br/> Haidar Awad<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.cityofhawthorne.org/olivia-valentine/ | title = City of Hawthorne, CA – Mayor Pro-Tem | accessdate = 2007-01-18 | archive-date = 2014-08-11 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140811170131/http://www.cityofhawthorne.org/olivia-valentine | dead-url = yes }}</ref> <br/> Angie English<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.cityofhawthorne.org/alex-vargas/ | title = Council Member Alex Vargas | accessdate = February 27, 2015 | archive-date = 2020-04-05 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200405075700/http://www.cityofhawthorne.org/alex-vargas | dead-url = yes }}</ref> <br/> Nilo Michelin<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.cityofhawthorne.org/council-member-nilo-michelin/ | title = Council Member Nilo Michelin | accessdate = February 27, 2015 | archive-date = 2017-05-04 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170504030203/http://www.cityofhawthorne.org/council-member-nilo-michelin | dead-url = yes }}</ref> <br/>
|unit_pref = US
|area_footnotes = <ref>{{Cite US Gazetteer|2010|places|CA}}</ref>
Baris 72:
|pop_est_footnotes = <ref name=quif/>
|postal_code_type = [[ZIP code]]s
|postal_code = 90250 and 90251<ref>{{cite web | url = http://zip4.usps.com/zip4/zcl_1_results.jsp?visited=1&pagenumber=0&state=ca&city=Hawthorne | title = USPS – ZIP Code Lookup – Find a ZIP+ 4 Code By City Results | accessdate = 2007-01-18 | archive-date = 2011-08-06 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110806185708/http://zip4.usps.com/zip4/zcl_1_results.jsp?visited=1&pagenumber=0&state=ca&city=Hawthorne | dead-url = no }}</ref>
|area_code = [[Kode wilayah 310 dan 424|310/424]],<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.nanpa.com/nas/public/npa_city_query_step2.do?method=displayData&cityToNpaModel.stateAbbr=CA&cityToNpaModel.city=Hawthorne | title = Number Administration System – NPA and City/Town Search Results | accessdate = 2007-01-18 | archive-date = 2007-09-29 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070929090148/http://www.nanpa.com/nas/public/npa_city_query_step2.do?method=displayData&cityToNpaModel.stateAbbr=CA&cityToNpaModel.city=Hawthorne | dead-url = yes }}</ref> [[Kode wilayah 323|323]]
|area_code_type = [[Rencana Penomoran Amerika Utara|Kode wilayah]]
Baris 79:
<!-- Location ------------->
|leader_title2 = [[Manajer kota]] interim
|leader_name2 = Arnold Shadbehr<ref name=mgr>{{cite web | url = http://www.cityofhawthorne.org/home-citymanager/ | title = City of Hawthorne, CA – City Manager | accessdate = June 1, 2015 | archive-date = 2017-02-27 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170227105340/http://www.cityofhawthorne.org/home-citymanager | dead-url = yes }}</ref>
|leader_title3 = [[Bendahara kota]]
|leader_name3 = L. David Patterson<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.cityofhawthorne.org/david-patterson/ | title = City of Hawthorne, CA - City Treasurer | accessdate = 2015-01-13 | archive-date = 2014-10-29 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20141029211301/http://www.cityofhawthorne.org/david-patterson/ | dead-url = yes }}</ref>
Baris 104:
Kota tersebut didirikan pada 1905 sebagai "Hawthorne Improvement Company" oleh B.L. Harding dan H.D. Lombard. Putri Harding berbagi hari ulang tahunnya—4 Juli, Hari Kemerdekaan Amerika—dengan pengarang New England [[Nathaniel Hawthorne]], dan memutuskan untuk membuat nama yang mengambil nama darinya.<ref>{{cite book | last1 = Dixon | first1 = Walt | last2 = Roberts | first2 = Jerry | title = Hawthorne | publisher = Arcadia | year = 2005 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=qaCZmC905agC&lpg=PP1&pg=PP1#v=onepage&q&f=false | pages = 10}}</ref>
Hawthorne sempat menjadi pemukiman "khusus orang kulit putih", umumnya disebut [[kota matahari tenggelam]]. Pada 1930an, tanda peringatan Afrika Amerika dicopot dari Hawthorne.<ref>{{cite news |last=Wexler |first=Laura |date=October 23, 2005 |title=Book Review: Darkness on the Edge of Town (A review of ''SUNDOWN TOWNS: A Hidden Dimension of American Racism'' by James W. Loewen) |work=The Washington Post |page=BW03 |url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/10/20/AR2005102001715.html |accessdate=January 2016 |archive-date=2021-02-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210201210514/https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/10/20/AR2005102001715.html |dead-url=no }}</ref>
== Lihat pula ==
| |||
