Taurat: Perbedaan antara revisi

 

 

Kelima kitab dalam Taurat adalah:

 

 

== Penamaan ==

 

 

 

 

== Tradisi Yahudi ==

Kelima buku pertama ini dianggap penting karena kelima buku ini memuat peraturan-peraturan yang dipercayai ditulis atau disusun oleh [[Musa]].

Dalam literatur rabbinik, kata "torah" selain menyatakan 5 kitab ini, juga mengacu kepada:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

As a part of the morning or afternoon prayer services on certain days of the week or holidays, a section of the [[Pentateuch]] is read from a Torah scroll. On [[Shabbat]] (Saturday) mornings, a weekly section ("''[[parasha]]''") is read, selected so that the entire Pentateuch is read consecutively each year.<ref>The division of ''parashot'' found in the modern-day Torah scrolls of all Jewish communities (Ashkenazic, Sephardic, and Yemenite) is based upon the systematic list provided by Maimonides in [[Mishneh Torah]], ''Laws of Tefillin, Mezuzah and Torah Scrolls'', chapter 8. Maimonides based his division of the ''parashot'' for the Torah on the [[Aleppo Codex]]. Though initially doubted by [[Umberto Cassuto]], this has become the established position in modern scholarship. (See the [[Aleppo Codex]] article for more information.)</ref><ref>[[Conservative Judaism|Conservative]] and [[Reform Judaism|Reform]] synagogues may read ''parashot'' on a triennial rather than annual schedule, [http://www.uscj.org/The_Authentic_Trienn7085.html ''The Authentic Triennial Cycle: A Better Way to Read Torah?''], [http://urj.org/worship/letuslearn/s7bechol/]{{dead link|date=September 2011}}</ref> On Saturday afternoons, Mondays, and Thursdays, the beginning of the following Saturday's portion is read. On [[Jewish holiday]]s, the beginnings of each month, and [[ta'anit|fast days]], special sections connected to the day are read.

 

Torah scrolls are often dressed with a sash, a special [[Jeanette Kuvin Oren|Torah cover]], various ornaments and a Keter (crown), although such customs vary among synagogues.

Congregants traditionally stand when the Torah is brought out of the ark to be read (although they sit during the reading itself.)

 

 

 

 

 

According to classical rabbinic texts this parallel set of material was originally transmitted to Moses at Sinai, and then from Moses to Israel. At that time it was forbidden to write and publish the oral law, as any writing would be incomplete and subject to misinterpretation and abuse.

 

 

Orthodox Jews and Conservative Jews accept these texts as the basis for all subsequent halakha and codes of Jewish law, which are held to be normative. Reform and Reconstructionist Jews deny that these texts may be used for determining normative law (laws accepted as binding) but accept them as the authentic and only Jewish version for understanding the Torah and its development throughout history.

{{See|Kabbalah}}

 

One [[Kabbalah|kabbalistic]] interpretation is that the Torah constitutes one long name of God, and that it was broken up into words so that human minds can understand it. While this is effective since it accords with our human reason, it is not the only way that the text can be broken up.

 

{{Main|Sefer Torah}}

According to Jewish law, a ''sefer Torah'' (plural: ''Sifrei Torah'') is a copy of the formal Hebrew text of hand-written on ''[[gevil]]'' or ''[[qlaf]]'' (forms of [[parchment]]) by using a [[quill]] (or other permitted writing utensil) dipped in ink. Written entirely in [[Hebrew language|Hebrew]], a ''sefer Torah'' contains 304,805 letters, all of which must be duplicated precisely by a trained ''[[sofer (scribe)|sofer]]'' (“scribe”), an effort which may take as long as approximately one and a half years. Most modern Sifrei Torah are written with forty-two lines of text per column (Yemenite Jews use fifty), and very strict rules about the position and appearance of the [[Hebrew alphabet|Hebrew letters]] are observed. See for example the [[Mishna Berura]] on the subject.<ref>[http://www.geniza.net/ritual/mb/letterforms.shtml Mishnat Soferim The forms of the letters] translated by Jen Taylor Friedman (geniza.net)</ref> Any of several Hebrew scripts may be used, most of which are fairly ornate and exacting.

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== Terjemahan bahasa Indonesia ==

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Ada pandangan yang sekarang sudah mulai ditinggalkan, bahwa Taurat memiliki empat sumber cerita, yang diberi tanda dengan huruf Y, E, D, dan P. Sumber Y ("Yahwist") merupakan sumber cerita yang besar, tetapi ditambah sumber lain, misalnya kisah penciptaan di Kitab Kejadian dianggap berasal dari P dan Y.<ref name="Wismoady">{{id}}S.Wismoady Wahono.1986, Di Sini Kutemukan, Jakarta: BPK Gunung Mulia.Hlm.57.</ref>

 

 

== Lihat pula ==

 

{{Kitab-kitab Alkitab}}

 

[[Kategori:Yahudi]]