Vaksin Covid-19 Oxford–AstraZeneca: Perbedaan antara revisi
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{{Infobox drug
| Verifiedfields =
| verifiedrevid =
| drug_name = Vaksin Covid-19 Oxford–AstraZeneca
| type = vaccine
| image = Oxford AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine AZD1222 - 4.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Sebuah vial vaksin AstraZeneca
| target = [[COVID-19]]
| vaccine_type =
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'''Vaksin
== Kontraindikasi ==
Vaksin Oxford–AstraZeneca COVID-19 tidak boleh diberikan kepada orang yang memiliki [[sindrom kebocoran kapiler]].<ref name="EMA capillary leak syndrome">{{cite press release | title=Vaxzevria: EMA advises against use in people with history of capillary leak syndrome | website=European Medicines Agency | date=11 June 2021 | url=https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/news/vaxzevria-ema-advises-against-use-people-history-capillary-leak-syndrome | access-date=11 June 2021 | archive-date=11 June 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210611123114/https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/news/vaxzevria-ema-advises-against-use-people-history-capillary-leak-syndrome | url-status=live }}</ref>
== Efek samping ==
Efek samping yang paling umum dalam uji klinis biasanya ringan atau sedang dan membaik dalam beberapa hari setelah vaksinasi.<ref name="COVID-19 Vaccine AstraZeneca EPAR">{{cite web | title=Vaxzevria (previously COVID-19 Vaccine AstraZeneca) EPAR | website=[[European Medicines Agency]] (EMA) | url=https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/vaxzevria-previously-covid-19-vaccine-astrazeneca | access-date=27 March 2021 | archive-date=21 April 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210421004427/https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/vaxzevria-previously-covid-19-vaccine-astrazeneca | url-status=live }} Text was copied from this source which is © European Medicines Agency. Reproduction is authorized provided the source is acknowledged.</ref>
Muntah, diare, demam, bengkak, kemerahan di tempat suntikan dan rendahnya kadar trombosit darah terjadi pada kurang dari 1 dari 10 orang yang divaksin.<ref name="COVID-19 Vaccine AstraZeneca EPAR" /> Pembesaran kelenjar getah bening, nafsu makan menurun, pusing, kantuk, berkeringat, sakit perut, gatal dan ruam terjadi pada kurang dari 1 dari 100 orang.<ref name="COVID-19 Vaccine AstraZeneca EPAR" />
Peningkatan risiko yang jarang dan berpotensi fatal [[Peristiwa emboli dan trombotik setelah vaksinasi COVID-19|trombosis dengan sindrom trombositopenia (TTS)]] telah dikaitkan dengan sebagian besar penerima vaksin wanita yang lebih muda.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Cines |first1=Douglas B. |last2=Bussel |first2=James B. |title=SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine–Induced Immune Thrombotic Thrombocytopenia |journal=New England Journal of Medicine |date=16 April 2021 |volume=384 |issue=23 |pages=2254–2256 |doi=10.1056/NEJMe2106315 |pmid=33861524 |pmc=8063912 |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|first1=Chih-Cheng|last1= Lai|first2=Wen-Chien|last2= Ko|first3=Chih-Jung|last3= Chen|first4=Po-Yen|last4= Chen|first5=Yhu-Chering|last5= Huang|first6=Ping-Ing|last6=Lee|first7=Po-Ren|last7=Hsueh|title=COVID-19 vaccines and thrombosis with thrombocytopenia syndrome|journal=Expert Review of Vaccines|date= 8 July 2021|volume=20|issue=8 |pages=1027–1035|url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14760584.2021.1949294?journalCode=ierv20|publisher=Taylor and Francis Group|pmid=34176415|doi=10.1080/14760584.2021.1949294 |s2cid= 235661210|url-access=subscription |access-date=4 October 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Greinacher |first1=Andreas |last2=Thiele |first2=Thomas |last3=Warkentin |first3=Theodore E. |last4=Weisser |first4=Karin |last5=Kyrle |first5=Paul A. |last6=Eichinger |first6=Sabine |title=Thrombotic Thrombocytopenia after ChAdOx1 nCov-19 Vaccination |journal=New England Journal of Medicine |date=9 April 2021 |volume=384 |issue=22 |pages=2092–2101 |doi=10.1056/NEJMoa2104840 |pmid=33835769 |pmc=8095372 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Public Health Agency of Canada |first1=[Agence de la santé publique du Canada] |title=Use of AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine in younger adults |url=https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/news/2021/03/use-of-astrazeneca-covid-19-vaccine.html |access-date=4 October 2021 |agency=Government of Canada |date=29 March 2021 |format=Utilisation du vaccin AstraZeneca contre la COVID-19 chez les jeunes adultes}}</ref> Analisis [[VigiBase]] melaporkan [[Peristiwa emboli dan trombotik setelah vaksinasi COVID-19|peristiwa emboli dan trombotik]] setelah vaksinasi dengan Oxford–AstraZeneca, [[Vaksin COVID-19 Modern|Moderna]] dan [[Pfizer–BioNTech Vaksin COVID-19|Pfizer]], menemukan insiden terkait sementara sebesar 0,21 kasus per 1 juta hari vaksinasi<!--Yes vaccinated-days is correct, no I don't know why -->.<ref>{{cite journal| first1= David|last1=Smadja|first2=Qun-Ying|last2=Yue|first3= Richard|last3=Chocron|first4= Olivier|last4=Sanchez|first5=Agnes|last5=Lillo-Le Louet|date= 1 July 2021|title= Vaccination against COVID-19: insight from arterial and venous thrombosis occurrence using data from VigiBase|journal= European Respiratory Journal| volume= 58| issue= 1|doi= 10.1183/13993003.00956-2021|issn=1399-3003|pmid=33863748|pmc=8051185|doi-access=free}}</ref>
[[Anafilaksis]] dan reaksi alergi lainnya adalah efek samping yang diketahui dari ADZ1222 yang harus diberikan di bawah pengawasan ketat.<ref name="COVID-19 Vaccine AstraZeneca EPAR" /><ref name=":15" /> [[European Medicines Agency]] (EMA) telah menilai 41 kasus [[anafilaksis]] dari sekitar 5{{nbsp}}juta vaksinasi di Inggris.<ref name=":15">{{cite web|date=29 March 2021|title=COVID-19 vaccine safety update Vaxzevria|url=https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/documents/covid-19-vaccine-safety-update/covid-19-vaccine-safety-update-vaxzevria-previously-covid-19-vaccine-astrazeneca-29-march-2021_en.pdf|work=[[European Medicines Agency]] (EMA)|access-date=12 April 2021|archive-date=13 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210413095054/https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/documents/covid-19-vaccine-safety-update/covid-19-vaccine-safety-update-vaxzevria-previously-covid-19-vaccine-astrazeneca-29-march-2021_en.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="EMA safety update">{{cite web|date=11 May 2021|title=COVID-19 vaccine safety update Vaxzevria|url=https://www.ema.europa.eu/documents/covid-19-vaccine-safety-update/covid-19-vaccine-safety-update-vaxzevria-previously-covid-19-vaccine-astrazeneca-11-may-2021_en.pdf|work=[[European Medicines Agency]] (EMA)|access-date=15 May 2021|archive-date=26 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210726010845/https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/documents/covid-19-vaccine-safety-update/covid-19-vaccine-safety-update-vaxzevria-previously-covid-19-vaccine-astrazeneca-11-may-2021_en.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>
[[Sindrom kebocoran kapiler]] adalah kemungkinan efek samping dari vaksin ini.<ref name="EMA capillary leak syndrome" />
[[European Medicines Agency]] (EMA) mencantumkan sindrom Guillain-Barré (GBS) sebagai efek samping yang sangat langka dari ''Vaxzevria'' dan menambahkan peringatan di informasi produk.<ref>{{cite web | title=Vaxzevria: COVID-19 vaccine safety update | website=[[European Medicines Agency]] (EMA) | date=14 July 2021 | url=https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/documents/covid-19-vaccine-safety-update/covid-19-vaccine-safety-update-vaxzevria-previously-covid-19-vaccine-astrazeneca-14-july-2021_en.pdf | access-date=23 July 2021 | archive-date=20 July 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210720010215/https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/documents/covid-19-vaccine-safety-update/covid-19-vaccine-safety-update-vaxzevria-previously-covid-19-vaccine-astrazeneca-14-july-2021_en.pdf | url-status=live }}</ref>
== Tentang AZD1222 ==
Vaksin
Universitas Oxford bekerja sama dengan ''University
''European Medicines Agendy'' (EMA) menganggap AZD1222 aman.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last=Mallapaty|first=Smriti|last2=Callaway|first2=Ewen|date=2021-03-24|title=What scientists do and don’t know about the Oxford–AstraZeneca COVID vaccine|url=https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-021-00785-7|journal=Nature|language=en|doi=10.1038/d41586-021-00785-7}}</ref> Adapun ''Strategic Advisory Group of Experts on Immunization'' (SAGE) WHO telah merekomendasikan untuk sementara waktu penggunaan vaksin Oxford/ AstraZeneca COVID-19 (ADZ1222), vaksin yang disediakan memang terbatas, namun vaksin ini perlu direkomendasikan untuk petugas kesehatan yang selalu berinteraksi dengan pengidap COVID-19 sehingga
== Perkembangan AZD1222 ==
Kemuculan COVID-19 sejak Desember 2019 yang tak kunjung berakhir telah membuat
Perkembangan yang cukup pesat. Studi Tahap III vaksin dilakukan di AS, Chili dan Peru memberikan hasil terbaik, sangat aman, dan efektif.<ref name=":1" /> MHRA memulai tinjauan bergulir terhadap vaksin AZ / Oxford
== Cara kerja vaksin ==
Vaksin Oxford-Astra-Zeneca atau ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 menggunakan versi virus umum yang tidak berbahaya dan dilemahkan,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Oxford coronavirus vaccine ‘significantly reduces viral load’ in monkeys|url=https://www.sciencefocus.com/news/oxford-coronavirus-vaccine-significantly-reduces-viral-load-in-monkeys/|website=BBC Science Focus Magazine|language=en|access-date=2021-03-25}}</ref> yang menyebabkan pilek pada simpanse, ini telah dimodifikasi agar lebih mirip virus corona - meski tidak bisa menyebabkan penyakit.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2021-03-22|title=Covid: What is the Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccine?|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/health-55302595|newspaper=BBC News|language=en-GB|access-date=2021-03-25}}</ref> Para peneliti telah menggunakan teknologi ini untuk menghasilkan vaksin melawan sejumlah patogen termasuk
== Lainnya ==
AstraZeneca telah berkomitmen untuk tidak mengambil untung dari vaksin COVID-19 apa pun 'selama masa pandemi' dan dan sepakat dengan Universitas Oxford untuk menjual vaksin tersebut dengan harga tertentu
==Referensi==
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