Vita Hludovici: Perbedaan antara revisi

Karya ini ditulis dalam bahasa Latin pada atau segera setelah 840 M oleh penulis anonim yang secara konvensional disebut Astronomus, Astronomer atau kadang-kadang '''Astronomer Limousin'''. Hal ini disebabkan oleh banyak komentar rinci tentang hal-hal [[astronomi]] dalam karya di atasnya ia menggambarkan dirinya sebagai "orang yang memiliki pengetahuan tentang hal ini."<ref>{{Cite book|title=Vita Hludovici|last=The Astronomer|pages=58.1}}</ref>  Dia memegang jabatan di istana Louis yang saleh, dan budaya dan agamanya. referensi menunjukkan bahwa dia bukan seorang gerejawan.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Vita Hludovici|last=The Astronomer|pages=Prologue 1}}</ref>  Telah diduga, berdasarkan bukti dalam teks, bahwa penulis lahir sekitar 800 M dan bahwa kewarganegaraannya bukan [[Goth]] atau [[Suku Franka|Franka]].<ref>{{Cite book|title=Son of Charlemagne. A Contemporary Life of Louis the Pious|url=https://archive.org/details/sonofcharlemagne0000unse_x8z7|last=Cabaniss|first=A.|publisher=Syracuse University Press|year=1961|isbn=978-0-8156-2031-0|location=Syracuse|pages=1–2[https://archive.org/details/sonofcharlemagne0000unse_x8z7/page/n16 1]–2}}</ref>

Sikap penulis terhadap subjeknya jelas merupakan bawahan dan suatu kekaguman, namun ia tidak mengidealisasi Ludwig dengan cara yang sama seperti, misalnya, Einhard dalam bukunya Kehidupan Charlemagne. Telah disarankan bahwa penulis menunjukkan tingkat ketidaksetujuan terhadap [[rohaniwan]]  dan cara kerja Gereja Franka, memberikan bobot pada pandangan bahwa dia tidak secara resmi terhubung dengan Gereja.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Son of Charlemagne. A Contemporary Life of Louis the Pious|url=https://archive.org/details/sonofcharlemagne0000unse_x8z7|last=Cabaniss|first=A.|publisher=Syracuse University Press|year=1961|isbn=978-0-8156-2031-0|location=Syracuse|page=[https://archive.org/details/sonofcharlemagne0000unse_x8z7/page/n19 4]}}</ref>  Namun demikian, ide-ide terbaru yang paling populer (lihat di bawah) mengidentifikasi dirinya sebagai seorang ulama.

[[Berkas:Denier_Louis_le_Pieux.jpg|ka|jmpl|250x250px|Denarius Ludwig (20mm, 1.65 g, 1h). Mint tidak pasti. Di cetak 822-840 M. <br />

'''Depan''': HLVDOVVICVS IMP, salib; pelet di setiap kuartal. <br />

Berbagai upaya telah dilakukan untuk mengidentifikasi penulis dengan individu tertentu. Pada tahun 1729, Von Eckhart mengira dia adalah notaris yang melekat pada istana Ludwig antara tahun 816 dan 839. Von Simson pada tahun 1909 berusaha untuk mengidentifikasi dia sebagai Diaken Agung Gerolt, seorang rohaniwan di istana.<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Uses of the Past in the Early Middle Ages|url=https://archive.org/details/usesofpastinearl00heny|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2000|isbn=0-521-63998-0|editor-last=Yitzak Hen and Matthew Innes|location=Cambridge}}</ref>  Max Buchner, penulis salah satu studi modern paling berpengaruh dari karya Astronom pada tahun 1940, mengidentifikasi dia sebagai Hilduin, kanselir [[Pippin II]] dan [[Karl yang Botak]].<ref name="Ganz 1997 208">{{Cite journal|last=Ganz|first=David|year=1997|title=Review: Ernst Tremp "Thegan, Die Taten Kaiser Ludwigs (Gesta Hludowici imeratoris). Astronomus, Das Leben Kaiser Ludwigs (Vita Hludowici imperatoris) "|url=http://francia.digitale-sammlungen.de/Blatt_bsb00016301,00218.html|journal=Francia|volume=24|issue=1|page=208|access-date=2009-03-27}}</ref>

Ernst Tremp mendukung pandangan ini dalam penelitiannya yang penting pada tahun 1995, meskipun Buchner dan Tremp berbeda sekitar satu dekade dalam penanggalan pekerjaan mereka.<ref>{{Cite journal|lastname="Ganz|first=David|year= 1997|title=Review: Ernst Tremp 208"Thegan, Die Taten Kaiser Ludwigs (Gesta Hludowici imeratoris). Astronomus, Das Leben Kaiser Ludwigs (Vita Hludowici imperatoris) "|url=http://francia.digitale-sammlungen.de/Blatt_bsb00016301,00218.html|journal=Francia|volume=24|issue=1|page=208|access-date=2009-03-27}}</ref> Tischler baru-baru ini mencoba membuat kasus bahwa Astronomer adalah Jonas d'Orléans tetapi teori Hilduin tetap lebih populer di kalangan sejarahwan.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Ganz|first=David|year=2003|title=Review: M. Tischler "Einharts 'Vita Karoli'. Studien zur Entstehung"|url=http://francia.digitale-sammlungen.de/Blatt_bsb00016307,00325.html|journal=Francia|volume=30|issue=1|page=314|access-date=2009-03-27}}</ref> Baru-baru ini, Courtney Booker menyarankan Walafrid Strabo adalah Astronomer.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Past Convictions: The Penance of Louis the Pious and the Decline of the Carolingians|url=https://archive.org/details/pastconvictionsp0000book|last=Booker|first=C.|publisher=University of Pennsylvania Press|year=2009|isbn=978-0-8122-4168-6|location=Philadelphia|page=[https://archive.org/details/pastconvictionsp0000book/page/293 293], n. 129}}</ref>

* {{Cite book|title=Past Convictions: The Penance of Louis the Pious and the Decline of the Carolingians|url=https://archive.org/details/pastconvictionsp0000book|last=Booker|first=C.|publisher=University of Pennsylvania Press|year=2009|isbn=978-0-8122-4168-6|location=Philadelphia}}

* {{Cite book|title=Son of Charlemagne. A Contemporary Life of Louis the Pious|url=https://archive.org/details/sonofcharlemagne0000unse_x8z7|last=Cabaniss|first=A.|publisher=Syracuse University Press|year=1961|isbn=978-0-8156-2031-0|location=Syracuse}}

* {{Cite book|title=Einharts Vita Karoli. Studien zur Entstehung, U¨ berlieferung und Rezeption|url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_377525448|last=Tischler|first=M.|publisher=Hahnsche Buchhandlung|year=2001|isbn=978-3-7752-5448-9|location=Hanover|language=German}} CS1 maint: Unrecognized language ([[:Kategori:CS1 maint: Unrecognized language|link]]) <div class="cx-template-editor-source-container" dir="ltr" style="display: none;" lang="en"><div class="cx-template-editor-source"><div class="cx-template-editor-title" title="This template formats a citation to a book using the provided bibliographic information (such as author and title) as well as various formatting options.">Cite book</div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="title" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Title</span><span data-key="title" title="The title of the book; displays in italics" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="title" style="position: relative;">Einharts Vita Karoli. Studien zur Entstehung, U¨ berlieferung und Rezeption</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="last" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Last name</span><span data-key="last" title="The surname of the author; don't wikilink, use 'authorlink'; can suffix with a numeral to add additional authors" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="last" style="position: relative;">Tischler</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="first" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">First name</span><span data-key="first" title="Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the author; don't wikilink, use 'authorlink'; can suffix with a numeral to add additional authors" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="first" style="position: relative;">M.</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="publisher" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Publisher</span><span data-key="publisher" title="Name of the publisher; displays after title" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="publisher" style="position: relative;">Hahnsche Buchhandlung</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="year" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Year of publication</span><span data-key="year" title="Year of the source being referenced; use 'date' instead, if month and day are also known" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="year" style="position: relative;">2001</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="isbn" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">ISBN</span><span data-key="isbn" title="International Standard Book Number; use the 13-digit ISBN where possible" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="isbn" style="position: relative;">978-3-7752-5448-9</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="location" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Location of publication</span><span data-key="location" title="Geographical place of publication; usually not wikilinked; omit when the publication name includes place" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="location" style="position: relative;">Hanover</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="language" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Language</span><span data-key="language" title="The language in which the source is written, if not English; use the full language name; do not use icons or templates" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="language" style="position: relative;">German</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="authors" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Authors list</span><span data-key="authors" title="List of authors as a free form list. Use of this parameter is discouraged, "lastn" to "firstn" are preferable. Warning: do not use if last or any of its aliases are used." class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="authors" style="position: relative;">Tischler</div></div></div></div>

* {{Cite book|url=http://daten.digitale-sammlungen.de/~db/bsb00000712/images/index.html?seite=2|title=Thegan, Die Taten Kaiser Ludwigs/Astronomus, Das Leben Kaiser Ludwigs|last=Tremp|first=Ernst|publisher=Hahnsche Buchhandlung|year=1995|location=Hannover|language=German|access-date=2009-03-26}} CS1 maint: Unrecognized language ([[:Kategori:CS1 maint: Unrecognized language|link]]) <div class="cx-template-editor-source-container" dir="ltr" style="display: none;" lang="en"><div class="cx-template-editor-source"><div class="cx-template-editor-title" title="This template formats a citation to a book using the provided bibliographic information (such as author and title) as well as various formatting options.">Cite book</div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="url" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">URL</span><span data-key="url" title="The URL of the online location where the text of the publication can be found. Requires schemes of the type "http://..." or maybe even the  protocol relative scheme "//..."" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="url" style="position: relative;">http://daten.digitale-sammlungen.de/~db/bsb00000712/images/index.html?seite=2</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="title" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Title</span><span data-key="title" title="The title of the book; displays in italics" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="title" style="position: relative;">Thegan, Die Taten Kaiser Ludwigs/Astronomus, Das Leben Kaiser Ludwigs</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="last" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Last name</span><span data-key="last" title="The surname of the author; don't wikilink, use 'authorlink'; can suffix with a numeral to add additional authors" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="last" style="position: relative;">Tremp</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="first" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">First name</span><span data-key="first" title="Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the author; don't wikilink, use 'authorlink'; can suffix with a numeral to add additional authors" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="first" style="position: relative;">Ernst</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="publisher" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Publisher</span><span data-key="publisher" title="Name of the publisher; displays after title" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="publisher" style="position: relative;">Hahnsche Buchhandlung</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="year" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Year of publication</span><span data-key="year" title="Year of the source being referenced; use 'date' instead, if month and day are also known" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="year" style="position: relative;">1995</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="location" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Location of publication</span><span data-key="location" title="Geographical place of publication; usually not wikilinked; omit when the publication name includes place" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="location" style="position: relative;">Hannover</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="language" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Language</span><span data-key="language" title="The language in which the source is written, if not English; use the full language name; do not use icons or templates" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="language" style="position: relative;">German</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="access-date" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">URL access date</span><span data-key="access-date" title="The full date when the original URL was accessed; do not wikilink" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="access-date" style="position: relative;">2009-03-26</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="authors" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Authors list</span><span data-key="authors" title="List of authors as a free form list. 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