Kritik teks: Perbedaan antara revisi

Di lain pihak, satu teks asli yang diteorikan ada oleh seorang ilmuwan disebut [[urteks (kajian Alkitab)|urteks]] (dalam konteks [[pendalaman Alkitab]]), [[purwarupa]], maupun autograf. Meskipun demikian, bukan berarti harus ada satu teks asli untuk setiap kelompok teks. Sebagai contoh, jika sebuah cerita disebarluaskan melalui [[tradisi lisan]] dan baru kemudian hari dituangkan ke dalam bentuk tulisan oleh berbagai pihak di berbagai tempat, maka akan ada lebih dari satu teks asli yang mungkin saja sangat berlainan satu sama lain.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Sejumlah bidang, misalnya bidang penyuntingan teks keagamaan dan klasik, mengenal istilah "kritik rendah" yang dimaknai sebagai kritik teks, dan istilah "[[kritik tinggi]]" yang dimaknai sebagai usaha untuk memastikan jati diri penulis, waktu penulisan, dan tempat penulisan [[teks (teori sastra)|teks]] asli.

=== Greg–Bowers–Tanselle ===

 

 

In his 1964 essay, "Some Principles for Scholarly Editions of Nineteenth-Century American Authors", Bowers said that "the theory of copy-text proposed by Sir Walter Greg rules supreme".<ref>Bowers 1964, p. 224</ref> Bowers's assertion of "supremacy" was in contrast to Greg's more modest claim that "My desire is rather to provoke discussion than to lay down the law".<ref>Greg 1950, p. 36</ref>

 

 

{{quotation|When an author's manuscript is preserved, this has paramount authority, of course. Yet the fallacy is still maintained that since the first edition was proofread by the author, it must represent his final intentions and hence should be chosen as copy-text. Practical experience shows the contrary. When one collates the manuscript of ''[[The House of the Seven Gables]]'' against the first printed edition, one finds an average of ten to fifteen differences per page between the manuscript and the print, many of them consistent alterations from the manuscript system of punctuation, capitalization, spelling, and word-division. It would be ridiculous to argue that Hawthorne made approximately three to four thousand small changes in proof, and then wrote the manuscript of ''[[The Blithedale Romance]]'' according to the same system as the manuscript of the ''Seven Gables'', a system that he had rejected in proof.<ref name="Bowers 1964, p. 226">Bowers 1964, p. 226</ref>}}

Sejumlah program dan standar komputer sudah ada untuk mendukung para penyunting edisi-edisi kritis. Ini termasuk:

* [[Text Encoding Initiative]]. The Guidelines of the TEI provide much detailed analysis of the procedures of critical editing, including recommendations about how to mark up a computer file containing a text with critical apparatus. See especially the following chapters of the Guidelines: [http://www.tei-c.org/release/doc/tei-p5-doc/en/html/MS.html 10. Manuscript Description], [http://www.tei-c.org/release/doc/tei-p5-doc/en/html/PH.html 11. Representation of Primary Sources], and [http://www.tei-c.org/release/doc/tei-p5-doc/en/html/TC.html 12. Critical Apparatus].

* The [http://tug.org/edmac EDMAC] macro package for Plain [[TeX]] is a set of macros originally developed by John Lavagnino and Dominik Wujastyk for typesetting critical editions. "EDMAC" stands for "EDition" "MACros." EDMAC is in [[maintenance mode]].

* The [http://www.ctan.org/pkg/ledmac ledmac] package is a development of EDMAC by Peter R. Wilson for typesetting critical editions with [[LaTeX]]. [[ledmac]] is in [[maintenance mode]].<ref>See further the useful guidelines offered by {{cite web|last=Dekker|first=D-J.|title=Typesetting Critical Editions with LaTeX: ledmac, ledpar and ledarab|url=http://www.djdekker.net/ledmac/|accessdate=14 May 2014|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140905044748/http://www.djdekker.net/ledmac/|archivedate=5 September 2014|df=}}</ref>

* ''[[Editio Critica Maior]]''&nbsp;– German Bible Society edition

;Critical Translations

* ''The Dead Sea Scrolls Bible''&nbsp;– dengan peta tektual kepada varian-varian [[Teks Masoret]], Dead Sea Scrolls, and Septuaginta

* ''[[New English Translation of the Septuagint]]'', suatu terjemahan kritis dari bagian-bagian yang lengkap dari "Göttingen Septuagint", sisanya dari "Rahlf's manual edition"

* {{Cite journal|last=Bowers|first=Fredson|year=1972|title=Multiple Authority: New Problems and Concepts of Copy-Text|journal=Library, Fifth Series|volume=XXVII|issue=2|pages=81–115}}

* Bradley, Sculley, ''Leaves of Grass: A Textual Variorum of the Printed Poems'', (1980), NYU Press, {{ISBN|0-8147-9444-0}}

* {{Cite journal|last=Davis|first=Tom|year=1977|title=The CEAA and Modern Textual Editing|journal=Library, Fifth Series|volume=XXXII|issue=32|pages=61–74}}

* {{Cite book |title=[[Misquoting Jesus]]: The Story Behind Who Changed the Bible and Why |author=Ehrman, Bart D. |year=2005 |publisher=Harper Collins |isbn=978-0-06-073817-4 |authorlink=Bart D. Ehrman}}

* {{Cite book |author=Greetham, D. C. |title=Theories of the text |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=Oxford [Oxfordshire] |year=1999 |isbn=0-19-811993-3}}

* {{Cite journal|last=Greg|first=W. W.|authorlink=Walter Wilson Greg|year=1950|title=The Rationale of Copy-Text|journal=Studies in Bibliography|volume=3|pages=19–36|url=http://etext.virginia.edu/etcbin/toccer-sb?id=sibv003&images=bsuva/sb/images&data=/texts/english/bibliog/SB&tag=public&part=2&division=div|accessdate=2006-06-04|archive-date=2013-09-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130912121346/http://etext.virginia.edu/etcbin/toccer-sb?id=sibv003&images=bsuva%2Fsb%2Fimages&data=%2Ftexts%2Fenglish%2Fbibliog%2FSB&tag=public&part=2&division=div|dead-url=yes}}

* Hartin, Patrick J., Petzer J. H., Manning, Bruce. ''Text and Interpretation: New Approaches in the Criticism of the New Testament''. (1991), BRILL, {{ISBN|90-04-09401-6}}

* Jarvis, Simon, ''Scholars and Gentlemen: Shakespearian Textual Criticism and Representations of Scholarly Labour, 1725–1765'', Oxford University Press, 1995, {{ISBN|0-19-818295-3}}

* Klijn, Albertus Frederik Johannes, ''An Introduction to the New Testament'' (1980), p.&nbsp;14, BRILL, {{ISBN|90-04-06263-7}}

* {{Cite book |author= McCarter, Peter Kyle Jr |title=Textual criticism: recovering the text of the Hebrew Bible |url= https://archive.org/details/textualcriticism00mcca |publisher=Fortress Press |location=Philadelphia, PA |year=1986 |isbn=0-8006-0471-7}}

* {{Cite book |author=McGann, Jerome J. |title=A critique of modern textual criticism |url=https://archive.org/details/critiqueofmodern00mcga |publisher=University Press of Virginia |location=Charlottesville |year=1992 |isbn=0-8139-1418-3}}

* {{Cite book|last=McKerrow|first=R. B.|authorlink=Ronald B. McKerrow|year=1939|title=Prolegomena for the Oxford Shakespeare|url=https://archive.org/details/prolegomenaforox0000mcke|location=Oxford|publisher=Clarendon Press}}

* {{Cite book |author1=Montgomery, William Rhadamanthus |author2=Wells, Stanley W. |author3=Taylor, Gary |author4=Jowett, John |title=William Shakespeare: A Textual Companion |publisher=W. W. Norton & Company |location=New York |year=1997 |isbn=0-393-31667-X}}

* {{Cite book |author=Rosemann, Philipp |title=Understanding scholastic thought with Foucault |publisher=St. Martin's Press |location=New York |year=1999 |pages=73 |isbn=0-312-21713-7}}

* {{Cite book |author= Schuh, Randall T. |title=Biological systematics: principles and applications |url= https://archive.org/details/biologicalsystem0000schu |publisher=Cornell University Press |location=Ithaca, N.Y |year=2000 |isbn=0-8014-3675-3}}

* {{Cite book |author=Tenney, Merrill C. |authorlink=Merrill C. Tenney |editor=Dunnett, Walter M. |title=New Testament survey |publisher=W.B. Eerdmans Pub. Co |location=Grand Rapids, MI |year=1985 |isbn=0-8028-3611-9}}

* {{Cite book |author=Tov, Emanuel |title=Textual criticism of the Hebrew Bible |publisher=Fortress |location=Minneapolis |year=2001 |isbn=90-232-3715-3}}

* {{Cite book| last=Vincent|first=Marvin Richardson|title= A History of the Textual Criticism of the New Testament| url=https://archive.org/details/textualcriticism00vincuoft|year=1899|publisher= Macmillan. Original from Harvard University| isbn=0-8370-5641-1}}

* {{Cite book| last=Wegner|first=Paul|title= A Student's Guide to Textual Criticism of the Bible |year=2006|publisher= InterVarsity Press| isbn=0-8308-2731-5}}