American International Group: Perbedaan antara revisi
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{{short description|Perusahaan asuransi dan keuangan multinasional asal Amerika}}
{{
{{Infobox company
| name = American International Group, Inc.
| logo =
| logo_size = 250px
| image = AIG Headquarters.jpg
| image_size = 250px
| image_caption = Kantor pusat AIG di New York
|foundation = [[Shanghai]], China (1919)<ref>{{cite news|url=http://china.blogs.time.com/2008/09/18/aig_and_china_could_a_special/|title=AIG and China: Could A "Special Relationship" Translate into Cash?|work= [[Time (magazine)|Time]]|date=September 18, 2008|accessdate=August 9, 2011}}</ref>▼
| type = [[Perusahaan publik|Publik]]
|founder = [[Cornelius Vander Starr]]▼
| traded_as = {{ubl|{{NYSE|AIG}}|Komponen [[S&P 100]]|Komponen [[S&P 500]]}}
| industry = [[Jasa keuangan]]
| foundation = {{start date and age|1919|12|19}}<ref name=loc>{{cite web|title=Cornelius Vander Starr 1892-1968|url=http://starrfoundation.org/files/2017/10/cv_starr_book.pdf|page=6|access-date=2022-09-13|archive-date=2021-04-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210414102551/http://starrfoundation.org/files/2017/10/cv_starr_book.pdf|dead-url=yes}}</ref><br>[[Shanghai]], [[Republic of China (1912–1949)|China]]
▲| founder = [[Cornelius Vander Starr]]
|area_served = Worldwide▼
| hq_location = [[New York City, New York]], Amerika Serikat
| key_people = [[Brian Duperreault]]<br>{{small|(Chairman Eksekutif)}}<br>[[Peter Zaffino]]<br>{{small|(Presiden dan CEO)}}
| products = {{ubl|[[Asuransi umum]] |[[Asuransi kesehatan]] |[[Asuransi kendaraan]] |[[Asuransi perjalanan]] |[[Asuransi rumah]] |[[Asuransi]] |[[Kredit pemilikan rumah]] |[[Manajemen investasi]] |[[Reksa dana]] }}
|
|
| net_income = {{nowrap|{{decrease}} US$-5,973 milyar (2020)}}
| assets = {{nowrap|{{increase}} US$586,48 milyar (2020)}}
| equity = {{nowrap|{{increase}} US$66,36 milyar (2020)}}
| num_employees = {{nowrap|49.600 (2020)}}
| website =
▲|
}}
'''American International Group, Inc.''', juga dikenal sebagai '''AIG''', adalah sebuah perusahaan asuransi dan keuangan multinasional asal Amerika yang beroperasi di lebih dari 80 negara dan yurisdiksi.{{cn|date=September 2022}} {{as of|2019|January|1}}, AIG mempekerjakan 49.600 orang.{{cn|date=September 2022}} Perusahaan ini beroperasi melalui tiga bisnis utama, yakni Asuransi Umum, Jiwa & Pensiun, dan anak usaha tersendiri yang memanfaatkan teknologi.<ref name="Barlyn">{{cite news|last1=Barlyn|first1=Suzanne|last2=Singh|first2=Sweta|title=AIG to restructure into three new units, marking CEO's first big move|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-aig-restructure/aig-to-restructure-into-three-new-units-marking-ceos-first-big-move-idUSKCN1C01ER|access-date=September 25, 2017|work=Reuters|date=2017}}</ref><ref name="Scism">{{cite news|last1=Scism|first1=Leslie|title=AIG Retools Operating Structure Following Pledge From CEO|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/aig-retools-operating-structure-following-pledge-from-ceo-1506342939|access-date=September 25, 2017|work=Wall Street Journal|date=September 25, 2017}}</ref><ref name="Restructure">{{cite news|title=AIG Restructures Again; Commercial Lines CEO Schimek to Leave|url=http://www.insurancejournal.com/news/national/2017/09/25/465340.htm|access-date=September 26, 2017|work=Insurance Journal|date=September 25, 2017}}</ref> Asuransi Umum meliputi Asuransi Pribadi, Komersial, serta operasional bisnis internasional dan Amerika Serikat. Jiwa & Pensiun meliputi Pensiun Kelompok, Pensiun Individual, Jiwa, dan Pasar Institusional.<ref name="Barlyn" /><ref name="Scism" /><ref name="Restructure" />
AIG adalah sponsor dari AIG Women’s Open (golf) dan New Zealand Rugby (AIG All blacks).
AIG berkantor pusat di [[New York City]] dan memiliki sejumlah kantor di seluruh dunia. AIG melayani 87% dari [[Fortune Global 500]] dan 83% dari [[Forbes 2000]].{{cn|date=September 2022}} AIG menempati peringkat ke-60 dalam daftar [[Fortune 500]] tahun 2018.<ref name="2017 Fortune 500">{{cite web|title=Fortune 500|url=http://fortune.com/fortune500/list|website=Fortune|access-date=August 1, 2018|archive-date=2019-05-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190502115903/http://fortune.com/fortune500/list/|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Berdasarkan daftar Forbes Global 2000 tahun 2016, AIG adalah perusahaan publik terbesar ke-87 di dunia.<ref name="2016 Forbes Global">{{cite web|title=The World's Biggest Public Companies|url=https://www.forbes.com/global2000/list/2/#tab:overall|website=Forbes|access-date=March 15, 2017|language=en}}</ref> Pada tanggal 31 Desember 2017, AIG memiliki ekuitas pemegang saham sebesar $65,2 milyar.<ref>{{cite web |title=SEC Filing American International Group, Inc. Annual Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15 (d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017 |url=https://aig.gcs-web.com/node/41611/html |website=aig.gcs-web.com |location=Item 6 |page=35 |language=en}}</ref>
Selama [[krisis finansial 2007–2008]], [[Federal Reserve]] mem-[[bailout]] perusahaan ini dengan dana sebesar $180 milyar dan mengambil alih kendali atas perusahaan ini, dengan [[Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission]] menghubungkan kegagalan AIG dengan [[credit default swap|penjualan massal]] terhadap asuransi yang tidak ter[[lindung nilai]].<ref name="Phil Angelides 2011 352">{{cite book|author=Phil Angelides|title=Financial Crisis Inquiry Report|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QIKfTVrhNfMC&pg=PA352|year=2011|publisher=DIANE Publishing|page=352|isbn=9781437980721}}</ref> AIG kemudian mengembalikan $205 milyar ke pemerintah Amerika Serikat pada tahun 2012.<ref name=finalsales>{{cite web|url=http://www.treasury.gov/press-center/press-releases/Pages/tg1796.aspx|title= Treasury Sells Final Shares of AIG Common Stock, Positive Return on Overall AIG Commitment Reaches $22.7 Billion|publisher=Department of Treasury|access-date=February 6, 2013}}</ref>
==Sejarah==
[[File:North China Daily News Building Shanghai Simon Fieldhouse.jpg|thumb|left|[[North China Daily News Building]] di [[the Bund (Shanghai)|the Bund]], [[Shanghai]]: kantor pusat awal AIG; kini menjadi gedung AIA.]]
[[File:AIG New York building at dusk.jpg|thumb|right|[[70 Pine Street]] dulu dikenal sebagai American International Building.]]
===1919–1945: Awal mula===
AIG memulai sejarahnya pada tanggal 19 Desember 1919<ref name=loc/> saat [[Cornelius Vander Starr]] (1892-1968) mendirikan sebuah agen asuransi umum, yakni American Asiatic Underwriters (AAU), di Shanghai, Tiongkok.<ref name="Laing">{{cite news|last=Laing|first=Jonathan R.|title=Are the Glory Years Over? – Much Slower Growth Seems in the Offing for AIG|newspaper=Barron's|date=July 8, 1991}}</ref> AAU lalu tumbuh pesat, dan dua tahun kemudian, Starr pun berekspansi ke bisnis agen asuransi jiwa.<ref name="BloomberBusinsssWeek">{{cite news|last=Tracer|first=Zachary|title=Benmosche Exits Greenberg Jewel Linked to AIG Founding.|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2010-10-22/aig-divests-greenberg-s-asian-jewel-that-thiam-failed-to-acquire-timeline|access-date=February 21, 2013|newspaper=Bloomberg Businessweek|date=December 18, 2012}}</ref> Pada akhir dekade 1920-an, AAU telah memiliki cabang di seantero [[Tiongkok]] dan Asia Tenggara, termasuk [[Filipina]], [[Indonesia]], dan [[Malaysia]].<ref name="AIG Europe – History">{{cite news|title=AIG Europe – History|newspaper=Marketline|date=February 18, 2004}}</ref> Pada tahun 1926, Starr mendirikan anak usaha pertamanya di Amerika Serikat, yakni American International Underwriters Corporation (AIU).<ref>{{cite news|last=Bandler|first=James|title=Hank's Last Stand|url=https://money.cnn.com/2008/09/26/magazines/fortune/bandler_greenberg.fortune/index.htm.|access-date=February 21, 2013|newspaper=Fortune|date=October 7, 2008}}</ref> Starr juga fokus mencari peluang di [[Amerika Latin]], sehingga pada akhir dekade 1930-an, AIU pun berekpansi ke [[Havana]], Kuba.<ref>{{cite news | title=American International Group Inc (New York Stock Exchange) | url=https://www.reuters.com/finance/stocks/companyProfile?symbol=AIG.N | publisher=[[Thomson Reuters]] | work=Company profile | location=New York| access-date=March 18, 2009| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090220123409/https://www.reuters.com/finance/stocks/companyProfile?symbol=AIG.N| archive-date=February 20, 2009 | url-status=live}}</ref> Pertumbuhan pesat dari bisnis di Amerika Latin kemudian dapat menutup penurunan yang dialami oleh bisnis di Asia akibat Perang Dunia II.<ref name="Laing"/> Pada tahun 1939, Starr memindahkan kantor pusatnya dari Shanghai, Tiongkok, ke New York City.<ref>{{cite news | title=AIG: What does this US giant do? | url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/7621574.stm | date=September 17, 2008 |work=BBC News | access-date=March 18, 2009| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090320013252/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/7621574.stm| archive-date=March 20, 2009 | url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Foreign Office Files for China, 1949–1976 |url=http://www.adam-matthew-publications.co.uk/digital_guides/fo_china_part_1/Publishers-Note.aspx |publisher=Adam Matthew Publications |work=Part 1: Complete Files for 1949: Publisher's Note |access-date=March 18, 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081013085518/http://www.adam-matthew-publications.co.uk/digital_guides/fo_china_part_1/Publishers-Note.aspx |archive-date=October 13, 2008 }}</ref>
===1945–1959: Ekspansi internasional dan domestik===
Pasca Perang Dunia II, American International Underwriters (AIU) berekspansi ke Jepang<ref name="Laing"/> dan Jerman,<ref>{{cite news|title=80 Years of Growth and Diversification; the AIG Story|newspaper=Business Insurance|date=April 12, 1999}}</ref> untuk menyediakan asuransi bagi personil militer Amerika. Selama akhir dekade 1940-an dan awal dekade 1950-an, AIU berekpansi ke Eropa, dengan membuka kantor di Prancis, Italia,<ref name="AIG Europe – History"/> dan Britania Raya.<ref>{{cite news|last=Collins|first=Stuart|title=Greenberg Hails London Role|newspaper=Insurance Day|date=May 28, 2003}}</ref> Pada tahun 1952, Starr mulai fokus pada pasar Amerika dengan mengakuisisi Globe & Rutgers Fire Insurance Company dan anak usahanya, yakni American Home Fire Assurance Company.<ref name="Fallen Giant">{{cite book|last=Ehrbar|first=Al|title=Fallen Giant The Amazing Story of Hank Greenberg and the History of AIG|year=2006|publisher=John Wiley & Sons, Inc.|location=Hoboken, New Jersey|isbn=0-471-91696-X|pages=[https://archive.org/details/fallengiantamazi00rons/page/82 82–83 and 91]|url=https://archive.org/details/fallengiantamazi00rons/page/82}}</ref> Pada akhir dekade 1950-an, bisnis asuransi jiwa dan umum milik C.V. Starr telah meliputi agen dan kantor di lebih dari 75 negara.<ref name="Fallen Giant" />
===1959–1979: Reorganisasi dan spesialisasi===
Pada tahun 1960, C.V. Starr mempekerjakan [[Maurice R. Greenberg]], yang biasa dikenal sebagai Hank, untuk mengembangkan bisnis asuransi kesehatan dan kecelakaan internasional.<ref>{{cite news|title=Greenberg Joining C.V. Starr & Co. in Development Capacity|newspaper=Insurance Advocate|date=December 17, 1960}}</ref> Dua tahun kemudian, Greenberg mereorganisasi salah satu bisnis asuransi milik C.V. Starr di Amerika Serikat menjadi penyedia berbagai macam asuransi yang sukses.<ref name="Fallen Giant" /> Greenberg fokus pada penjualan asuransi melalui pialang independen, bukan melalui agen. Dengan menggunakan pialang, AIU dapat memberi harga asuransi berdasarkan potensi pengembaliannya, sehingga jika AIU mengalami penurunan penjualan pada produk tertentu dalam jangka waktu yang lama pun, pendapatannya tidak terlalu menurun. Pada tahun 1967, American International Group, Inc. (AIG) didirikan sebagai wadah untuk sebagian besar bisnis asuransi umum dan jiwa milik C.V. Starr.<ref>{{cite news|last=Bowers|first=Barbara|title=Building a Global Platform|newspaper=Best's Review/Life-Health Edition|date=August 1998}}</ref> Pada tahun 1968, Starr menunjuk Greenberg sebagai suksesornya. Pada tahun 1969, AIG resmi melantai di bursa saham.<ref>{{cite book | title=Hoover's Handbook of American Business | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0okYAAAAIAAJ&q=%22AIG+went+public+in+1969%22 | edition=9th | year=1999 | page=134 | publisher=[[Hoover's|Hoover's Business Press]] | location=Austin, TX | isbn=978-1-57311-045-7 | access-date=March 18, 2009 }}</ref>
[[File:AIG Headquarters.jpg|thumb|Kantor pusat AIG di New York]]
Pada dekade 1970-an, bisnis AIG di Timur Tengah dan Asia Tenggara dibatasi atau dihentikan karena adanya perubahan situasi politik. Namun, AIG tetap mengembangkan bisnisnya dengan memperkenalkan asuransi energi, transportasi, dan pengapalan untuk melayani kebutuhan industri.<ref name="The AIG Story">{{cite book|last=Cunningham|first=Lawrence A|title=The AIG Story|year=2013|publisher=John Wiley & Sons, Inc.|location=Hoboken, New Jersey|isbn=978-1-118-34587-0|pages=14–15}}</ref>
===1979–2000: Arah dan peluang baru===
Selama dekade 1980-an, AIG mengembangkan pasar dan jaringan internasionalnya dengan menawarkan berbagai macam produk, termasuk liabilitas polusi<ref name="The AIG Story" /> dan resiko politik.<ref name="The AIG Story" /> Pada tahun 1984, AIG mulai memperdagangkan sahamnya di [[New York Stock Exchange]] (NYSE).<ref>{{cite news|last=Barreto|first=Elzio|title=AIG marks end of era with $6.45 billion AIA stake sale|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-aia-aig-idUSBRE8BG01020121218|access-date=March 7, 2013|newspaper=Reuters|date=December 16, 2012}}</ref> Selama dekade 1990-an, AIG mengembangkan sumber pendapatan baru melalui investasi terdiversifikasi, termasuk mengakuisisi [[International Lease Finance Corporation]] (ILFC) yang menyewakan pesawat terbang ke maskapai penerbangan.<ref name="Laing"/> Pada tahun 1992, AIG menjadi perusahaan asuransi asing pertama dalam 40 tahun yang mendapat izin untuk beroperasi di Tiongkok. Di Amerika Serikat, pada tahun 1999, AIG juga mengakuisisi SunAmerica Inc. sebuah perusahaan tabungan pensiun yang dikelola oleh [[Eli Broad]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Insurers Set $17.8 Billion Stock Deal|newspaper=The New York Times|date=August 21, 1998|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1998/08/21/business/insurers-set-17.8-billion-stock-deal.html|access-date=2019-06-25}}</ref>
==Referensi==
{{
== Bacaan lebih lanjut ==
* {{cite book|author=Angelides, Phil |title=Financial Crisis Inquiry Report|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QIKfTVrhNfMC&pg=PA352|year=2011|publisher=DIANE Publishing|isbn=978-1-4379-8072-1}}
* {{cite book|last1=Cunningham|first1=Lawrence A.|last2=Greenberg|first2=Maurice R.|title=The AIG story|url=https://archive.org/details/aigstory0000gree|date=2013|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|location=Hoboken, N.J.|isbn=978-1118345870}}
* {{cite document | last=Sjostrom, Jr. | first=William K. | title=The AIG Bailout | date=November 2009 | ssrn=1346552 }} (2009)
* {{cite news | title= An Insurance Giant, Brought Down | date= September 27, 2008 | url = https://www.nytimes.com/imagepages/2008/09/27/business/20080928_MELT_GRAPHIC.html | work=The New York Times | access-date =September 27, 2008 | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20080930071745/http://www.nytimes.com/imagepages/2008/09/27/business/20080928_MELT_GRAPHIC.html| archive-date= September 30, 2008 | url-status= live}} (Graphic)
* [http://graphics8.nytimes.com/images/2008/09/17/business/17aig-graf01.jpg "Losses in Perspective"] New York Times. September 17, 2008. (Graphic of AIG quarterly net profit & losses over five years, comparing Finance vs. Insurance activities.)
* {{cite news |first = Bill| last = Marsh | title = A Tally of Federal Rescues | url = https://www.nytimes.com/imagepages/2008/09/28/weekinreview/20080928_MARSH_GRFK.html | work=The New York Times | date = September 28, 2008 | access-date =September 28, 2008 | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20081001202707/http://www.nytimes.com/imagepages/2008/09/28/weekinreview/20080928_MARSH_GRFK.html| archive-date= October 1, 2008 | url-status= live}}
* {{cite news | first1 = R.M | last1 = Schneiderman | first2 = Philip |last2=Caulfield |first3=Celena |last3=Fang |first4=Elisabeth |last4=Goodridge |first5=Vikas |last5=Bajaj | title= How a Market Crisis Unfolded: Some of the key events in the upheaval | date= September 15, 2008 | url = https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2008/09/15/business/20080915_TURMOIL_TIMELINE.html |work=The New York Times | access-date =September 17, 2008| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20080916231720/http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2008/09/15/business/20080915_TURMOIL_TIMELINE.html| archive-date= September 16, 2008 | url-status= live}} (Graphic and interactive timeline.)
* {{cite book |title=Fatal Risk: A Cautionary Tale of AIG's Corporate Suicide |url=https://archive.org/details/nlsiu.346.086.boy.31579 |last=Boyd |first=Roddy |year=2011 |publisher=Wiley |location=Hoboken, NJ |isbn=978-0-470-88980-0 }}
* {{cite book |title=Fallen Giant: The Amazing Story of Hank Greenberg and the History of AIG |last=Shelp |first=Ron |author-link=Ronald Shelp |year=2006 |publisher=Wiley |location=Hoboken, NJ |isbn=0-471-91696-X |url=https://archive.org/details/fallengiantamazi00rons }}
* For a list of counterparties receiving U.S. taxpayer dollars, see: [https://web.archive.org/web/20100110204144/http://www.businessweek.com/the_thread/economicsunbound/archives/2009/03/german_and_fren.html#more Business Week – List of Counterparties and Payouts]
== Pranala luar ==
{{Commons category|American International Group}}
{{Finance links
| name = American International Group
| symbol = AIG
| sec_cik = AIG
| yahoo = AIG
| google = AIG
}}
{{Perusahaan asuransi besar}}
{{authority control}}
[[Kategori:Perusahaan asuransi Amerika Serikat]]
[[Kategori:Perusahaan yang didirikan tahun 1919]]
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