HMS Warspite (03): Perbedaan antara revisi
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{{DISPLAYTITLE:HMS ''Warspite'' (03)}}
{{Other ships|HMS Warspite}}
{|{{Infobox ship begin}}
{{Infobox ship image
|Ship image=[[Berkas:HMS Warspite, Indian Ocean 1942.jpg|300px]]
|Ship caption=''Warspite'' berlayar di [[
}}
{{Infobox ship career
Baris 34 ⟶ 35:
*[[Perang Dunia I]]: 1
*[[Perang Dunia II]]: 14
|Ship identification=[[Nomor
|Ship fate=Dibongkar pada 1950–1957
|Ship notes=
Baris 44 ⟶ 45:
|Ship class={{sclass-|Queen Elizabeth|Kapal tempur}}
|Ship displacement=
*{{convert|32590|LT|t}}
*{{convert|33260|LT|t}} ([[muat mati]])
|Ship length={{convert|643|ft|9|in|m|abbr=on|1}}
Baris 51 ⟶ 52:
|Ship power={{convert|75000|shp|lk=in|abbr=on}}
|Ship propulsion=
*4 poros baling
*2 set [[turbin uap]]
*24 [[pendidih Yarrow]]
Baris 57 ⟶ 58:
|Ship range={{convert|5000|nmi|abbr=on|-1}} pada {{convert|12|kn}}
|Ship complement=
*1.025 orang ([[1915]])
*1.262 orang ([[1920]] sebagai kapal bendera)
|Ship armament=
*4 × meriam laras ganda [[Meriam laut BL 15 inch Mk I|{{convert|15|in|adj=on|0}}]]
*14 × meriam laras tunggal [[Meriam laut
*2 × meriam [[pertahanan udara|anti-udara]] laras tunggal [[QF 3 inch 20 cwt|{{convert|3|in|adj=on|0}} 20 cwt]]
*4 × [[
|Ship armour=
*[[Sabuk]]: {{convert|13|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}
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}}-->
|}
'''HMS ''Warspite''''' adalah sebuah kapal dari
== Konstruksi ==
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== Masa dinas ==
=== Perang Dunia 1 ===
Ia mulai bertugas ketika [[Eropa]] dilanda Perang Dunia Pertama. Setahun kemudian pada tahun 1916, ia terlibat dalam [[Pertempuran Jutlandia]]. Pada pertempuran tersebut ia berhasil mendaratkan tembakan ke battlecruiser Von der Tann. Akan tetapi ia mengalami tembakan yang banyak sekitar 13 kali. Warspite mendapatkan kerusakan sebanyak 150 lubang akibat pertempuran tersebut. Selain itu, ia juga mengalami masalah pada rangefinder dan transmission station. Krunya berhasil memperbaiki masalah tersebut akan tetapi tidak tuntas sehingga berdampak pada
Kurun waktu 1919-1939, ia mengalami rekonstruksi besar-besaran dan mengubah desainnya secara drastis. Pada tahun 1926, ia menjadi [[kapal bendera]] bagi [[Armada Mediterania Britania Raya]]. Selama waktu tersebut ia berlatih di sekitar Mediterania.<ref>[[HMS Warspite (03)#refBallantyne2013|Ballantyne, 2013]], p. 72.</ref>
Baris 111 ⟶ 112:
Saat Perang Dunia kedua meletus, ia terlibat dalam beberapa pertempuran. Pada [[Pertempuran Narvik]] kedua (1940), [[Fairey Swordfish]] yang diluncurkan dari Warspite berhasil menenggelamkan {{GS|U-64||6}}. Selain itu Warspite juga berhasil menenggelamkan Z13 dan merusak Z17 dan Z12.<ref>[[HMS Warspite (03)#refBallantyne2013|Ballantyne, 2013]], p. 98–100.</ref> Kemudian ia menuju ke Mediterania.
Di Mediterania ia terlibat dalam beberapa pertempuran. Pada [[Pertempuran Kalabria]] (1940) ia mampu mendaratkan salah satu tembakan terjauh yang tercatat dalam sejarah yaitu sejauh 24
Pada bulan Agustus 1940 ia terlibat dalam [[Pertempuran Taranto]] dimana ia dan Valiant menyerang basis suplai Utalia di Vlorë. Pada Maret 1941 ia terlibat dalam [[Pertempuran Tanjung Matapan]] dimana ia, Valiant, dan Barham berhasil menenggelamkan kapal
Pada tahun 1942, ia bertugas di kawasan [[Samudra Hindia|Samudera Hindia]]. Pada saat itu Kekaisaran Jepang melancarkan [[Serangan Samudra Hindia]], akan tetapi Warspite tidak berhasil menemukan armada Kekaisaran Jepang. Ia melanjutkan tugasnya sebagai [[kapal bendera]] bagi armada Royal Navy di kawasan [[India]] dan [[Srilanka]]. Ia juga membantu beberapa operasi pendaratan pasukan di kawasan [[Asia Tenggara]].
Pada tahun 1943, ia kembali bertugas di Mediterania dan membantu invasi Sekutu ke Italia. Setelah Italia menyerah, Warspite bertugas mengawal kapal tempur {{ship|kapal tempur Italia|Littorio||2}}, {{ship|kapal tempur Italia|Roma||2}}, dan juga Giulio Cesare menuju ke Malta agar tidak jatuh ke tangan Jerman. Naas, di tengah perjalanan, mereka diserang oleh Skuadron [[Luftwaffe]]. Skuadron tersebut menjatuhkan bom guided missile, Fritz X. Akibat serangan tersebut Littorio (Italia) dan Warspite mengalami kerusakan berat dan Roma tenggelam. Ia kemudian kembali ke Inggris untuk diperbaiki.
=== Nasib ===
Pada kurun waktu 1944-1945 ia bertugas di kawasan Atlantik dan membantu pendaratan Sekutu ke Prancis. Setelah perang usai, ia kemudian ditugaskan menuju ke Portsmouth untuk dipreteli. Saat ia menuju ke Porstmouth pada tahun 1947 ia kandas di kawasan Prussia Cove. Usaha untuk mengangkatnya gagal karena lambungnya rusak parah. Tiga tahun kemudian ia akhirnya dipreteli setelah proses pengangkatan yang dianggap sebagai proses terbesar sepanjang sejarah Inggris Raya. Proses tersebut berlangsung sampai dengan tahun 1955. Sebuah batu memorial diletakkan di kawasan tersebut untuk mengenang Warspite.
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* {{cite book|last1=Andrew|first1=Christopher M|last2=Noakes|first2=Jeremy Noakes|title=Intelligence and International Relations, 1900–1945|publisher=University of Exeter Press|location=Exeter|year=1987|isbn=978-0-85989-243-8|url=https://books.google.com/books?isbn=0859892433|ref=Andrew1987}}
* {{cite book|last1=Angolia|first1=John|last2=Bender|first2=Roger|title=On the field of honor: a history of the Knight's Cross bearers, Volume 2|publisher= R James Bender Pub|location=San Jose|year=1981|isbn=978-0-91213821-3|url=|ref=Angolia & Bender1981}}
* {{cite book|last=Ballantyne|first=Iain|title=Warspite, From Jutland Hero to Cold War Warrior|publisher=Pen & Sword Maritime|location=Barnsley, UK|year=2013|isbn=978-1-84884-350-9|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5dNX612zp1gC&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false|ref=Ballantyne2013|access-date=2017-11-27|archive-date=2023-08-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230812143546/https://books.google.com/books?id=5dNX612zp1gC&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false|dead-url=no}}
* {{cite book| last = Brooks| first = John| year = 2005| title = Dreadnought Gunnery and the Battle of Jutland| publisher = [[Routledge]]|location=London| isbn = 978-0-7146-5702-8|ref=Brooks2005}}
* {{cite book|last=Brown|first=David K.|title=Nelson to Vanguard: Warship Design and Development 1923–1945|publisher=Pen & Sword|location=Barnsley|year=2012|isbn=978-1-84832-149-6|ref=Brown2012}}
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* {{cite book |last=Campbell |first=N. J. M. |title=Jutland: An Analysis of the Fighting |year=1998 |publisher=Lyons Press |isbn=1-55821-759-2|ref=Campbell1998}}
* {{cite book|last=Churchill|first=Winston S.|title=The Gathering Storm: The Second World War Volume I|publisher=Houghton Mifflin Harcourt|year=1985|isbn=978-0-39541-055-4|ref=Churchill1948}}
* {{cite book |title=Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1922–1946|url=https://archive.org/details/conwaysallworlds1922unse|editor1-last=Chesneau|editor1-first=Roger|publisher=Conway Maritime Press|location=Greenwich, UK|year=1980|isbn=0-85177-146-7|ref=Chesneau1980}}
* {{cite book|last=Churchill|first=Winston S.|title=The Grand Alliance: The Second World War Volume III|publisher=Rosetta Books|location=New York|year=2010|isbn=978-0-79530-612-9|ref=Churchill1950}}
* {{cite book|last=Director of Naval Construction
* {{cite book |editor1-last=Gardiner|editor1-first=Robert|editor2-last=Gray|editor2-first=Randal|title=Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships: 1906–1921|year=1984|location=Annapolis|publisher=Naval Institute Press|isbn=0-87021-907-3|last-author-amp=yes|ref=Gardiner&Gray1984}}
* {{cite book |last1=Garzke|first1=William H.|last2=Dulin|first2=Robert O.|title=Battleships: Axis and Neutral Battleships in World War II|url=https://archive.org/details/battleshipsaxisn0000garz|year=1985|location=Annapolis, Maryland|publisher=Naval Institute Press|isbn=978-0-87021-101-0|last-author-amp=yes|ref=GarzkeDulin1985}}
* {{cite book|last=Gordon|first=Andrew|title=The Rules of the Game: Jutland and British Naval Command|date=2012|publisher=Naval Institute Press|location=Annapolis, Maryland|isbn=978-1-59114-336-9|ref=Gordon2012}}
* {{cite book|last=Hoyt|first=Edwin Palmer|title=Backwater War: The Allied Campaign in Italy, 1943–45|url=https://archive.org/details/backwaterwaralli0000hoyt|publisher=Stackpole Books|year=2006|isbn=978-0-81173-382-3|ref=Hoyt2006}}
* {{cite book |last=Jellicoe|first=John|authorlink=John Jellicoe, 1st Earl Jellicoe|title=The Grand Fleet, 1914–1916: Its Creation, Development, and Work|url=https://archive.org/details/grandfleetitscr00eargoog|year=1919|location=New York|publisher=George H. Doran Company|oclc=13614571|ref=nameJellicoe1919}}
* {{cite book|last=Konstam|first=Angus|title=British Battleships, 1939–45 (I): Queen Elizabeth and Royal Sovereign Classes|publisher=Osprey Publishing|year=2009|isbn=978-1-84603-388-9|ref=Konstam2009}}
* {{cite book |title=From the Dreadnought to Scapa Flow, The Royal Navy in the Fisher Era, 1904–1919 |edition=Second |volume=III: Jutland and After, May 1916 – December 1916 |last=Marder |first=Arthur J. |year=1978 | publisher=Oxford University Press |location=London |isbn=0-19-215841-4|ref=Marder1978}}
* {{cite book|title=[[Castles of Steel: Britain, Germany, and the Winning of the Great War at Sea]] |last=Massie|first=Robert K.|authorlink=Robert K. Massie|publisher=Random House|year=2003|location= New York|isbn=0-679-45671-6|ref=Massie2003}}
* {{cite book |title=War at Sea: A Naval History of World War II |url=https://archive.org/details/waratseanavalhis0000mill_r7s9 |last=Miller |first=Nathan |year=1997 | publisher=Oxford University Press |location=London |isbn=978-0-19511-038-8|ref=Miller1997}}
* {{cite book|last=O'Hara|first=Vincent P.|title=The German Fleet at War, 1939–1945|publisher=Naval Institute Press|year=2013|isbn=978-1-61251-397-3|ref=OHara2013}}
* {{cite book|last=Parkes|first=Oscar|title=British Battleships|url=https://archive.org/details/britishbattleshi0000park|publisher=Naval Institute Press|location=Annapolis, Maryland|year=1990|edition=reprint of the 1957|isbn=1-55750-075-4|ref=Parkes1990}}
* {{cite book|last=Plevy|first=Harry|title=Battleship Sailors: The Fighting Career of HMS Warspite Recalled by Her Men|publisher=Chatham Publishing|location=|year=2001|isbn=978-1-86176-151-4|ref=Plevy2001}}
* {{cite book |last1=Raven|first1=Alan|last2=Roberts|first2=John A.|title=British Battleships of World War Two: The Development and Technical History of the Royal Navy's Battleship and Battlecruisers from 1911 to 1946|url=https://archive.org/details/britishbattleshi0000rave|year=1976|publisher=Naval Institute Press|isbn=0-87021-817-4|ref=RavenRoberts1976|last-author-amp=yes}}
* {{cite book|last=Rohwer|first=Jürgen|title=Chronology of the War at Sea 1939–1945: The Naval History of World War Two|url=https://archive.org/details/chronologyofwara0000rohw_v7p9|publisher=Naval Institute Press|location=Annapolis, Maryland|year=2005|edition=Third Revised|isbn=1-59114-119-2|authorlink=Jürgen Rohwer|ref=Rohwer2005}}
* {{cite book|last=Roskill|first=Stephen W.|title=HMS Warspite: The Story of a Famous Battleship|url=https://archive.org/details/hmswarspitestory0000rosk|publisher=Naval Institute Press|location=|year=1997|isbn=978-1-55750-719-8|ref=Roskill1957}}
* {{cite book|last=Sandler|first=Stanley|title=World War II in the Pacific: An Encyclopedia|url=https://archive.org/details/worldwariiinpaci0000unse|publisher=Taylor & Francis |year=2001 |isbn=978-0-81531-883-5 |ref=Sandler2001}}
* {{cite book|last1=Shores|first1=Christopher|last2=Cull|first2=Brian|last3= Malizia |first3=Nicola|title=Air War for Yugoslavia, Greece, and Crete |publisher=Grub Street|location=London|year=1987|isbn=0-948817-07-0|last-author-amp=yes|ref=Shores1987}}
* {{cite book|last=Silverstone|first=Paul H.|title=Directory of the World's Capital Ships|url=https://archive.org/details/directoryofworld0000silv|year=1984|publisher=Hippocrene Books|location=New York|isbn=0-88254-979-0|ref=Silverstone1984}}
* {{cite book |last1=Sutherland|first1=Johnathan|last2=Canwell|first2=Diane|title=The Battle of Jutland|url=https://archive.org/details/battleofjutland0000suth|year=2010|location=|publisher=Pen & Sword Maritime|isbn=978-1-84415-529-3|ref=SutherCan2010}}
* {{cite book|last=Tarrant|first=V. E.|title=Jutland: The German Perspective: A New View of the Great Battle, 31 May 1916|publisher=Brockhampton Press|location=London|year=1999|edition=reprint of the 1995|isbn=1-86019-917-8|ref=Tarrant1995}}
* {{cite book|last=Watton|first=Ross|title=The Battleship Warspite|url=https://archive.org/details/battleshipwarspi0000watt|publisher=Conway Maritime Press |location=London |year=1986 |isbn=1-59114-039-0 |ref=Watton1996}}
* {{cite book |last=Whitley|first=M. J. |title=Battleships of World War Two: An International Encyclopedia |publisher=Naval Institute Press |location=Annapolis, Maryland |year=1999 |isbn=1-55750-184-X|ref=Whitley1999}}
{{Kapal tempur kelas Queen Elizabeth}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Warspite}}
[[Kategori:Kapal tahun 1913]]
[[Kategori:Insiden maritim tahun 1943]]
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