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'''Ahmed Djemal Pasha''' ({{lang-ota|احمد جمال پاشا}}, modern {{lang-tr|Ahmet Cemal Paşa}}; 6 Mei 1872 – 21 Juli 1922), dikenal dengan julukan '''Djemal Pasha''' di Turki dan '''Jamal Basha''' di [[dunia Arab]], adalah seorang pemimpin militer yang merupakan salah satu [[triumvirat]] penguasa [[Kesultanan Utsmaniyah]] yang disebut "[[Tiga Pasha]]". Djemal pernah menjabat sebagai Menteri Angkatan Laut dan
Awalnya ia menentang persekutuan dengan Jerman, tetapi pada awal Oktober 1914 ia mengizinkan [[Laksamana Souchon]] untuk melancarkan serangan terhadap Rusia di [[Laut Hitam]] yang menyeret Utsmaniyah ke dalam [[Perang Dunia I]]. Selama perang tersebut, ia ditugaskan untuk memimpin pasukan Utsmaniyah melawan Britania di [[Mesir]], tetapi ia tidak berhasil menuntaskan misinya.
Setelah kekalahan Utsmaniyah pada Oktober 1918, Djemal melarikan diri<ref name=findley>{{cite journal |last=Findley |first=Carter Vaughn |title=Turkey, Islam, Nationalism, and Modernity |url=https://archive.org/details/turkeyislamnatio00phdc |location= |publisher=Yale University Press |year=2010 |page=[https://archive.org/details/turkeyislamnatio00phdc/page/n121 215] }}</ref> ke Jerman dan kemudian ke [[Swiss]]. Ia lalu diadili ''[[in absentia]]'' dan dijatuhi hukuman mati. Pada tahun 1920, ia pindah ke [[Asia Tengah]] dan membantu memodernisasi angkatan darat [[Afganistan]].<ref>Adamec, Ludwig W. (1974). Afghanistan's Foreign Affairs to the Mid-Twentieth Century: Relations with the USSR, Germany, and Britain. Tucson, AZ: University of Arizona Press. hlm. 70. {{ISBN|0-81650-459-8}}.</ref> Kemudian ia pergi ke [[Tbilisi]] sebagai utusan militer untuk merundingkan permasalahan Afganistan dengan [[Uni Soviet]]. Namun, ia dan sekretarisnya dibunuh pada tanggal 21 Juli 1922 oleh tiga orang Armenia yang bernama Stepan Dzaghigian, Artashes Gevorgyan, dan Petros Ter Poghosyan, sebagai pembalasan atas keterlibatannya dalam [[Genosida Armenia]].
== Catatan kaki ==
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* {{cite book|first=A.|last=Aaronson|title=With the Turks in Palestine|place=London|date=1917}}
* {{cite journal|first=A.|last=Ajay|title=Political intrigue and suppression in Lebanon during WWI|journal=International Journal of Middle East Studies|date=1974|ref=140-60}}
* {{cite book|first=Scott|last= Anderson|date=2014|title=Lawrence in Arabia: War, Deceit, Imperial Folly and the Making of the Modern Middle East|url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780307476418|publisher=Anchor Books}}
* {{cite book|first=A.|last=Benson|title=Crescent and the Iron Cross|place=London|date=1918}}
* {{cite book| author= [[Wolfgang Benz|Benz, Wolfgang]]|date=2010|title=Vorurteil und Genozid. Ideologische Prämissen des Völkermords|language=german|publisher=Böhlau Verlag}}
* {{cite book|last=Cleveland|first=William|title=A History of the Modern Middle East|url=https://archive.org/details/historyofmodernm00will|place=Boulder|publisher=Westview Press|date=2004}}
* {{Citation|first=Ahmed|last=Djemal Pasha|title=Memories of a Turkish statesman: 1913–1919|year=1922|url=https://archive.org/details/memoriesofturkis00cemarich|location=London and New York|publisher=[[George H. Doran Company]]}}
* {{cite book|first=E.J.|last=Erickson|title=Ordered to Die: A History of the Ottoman Army in the First World War|url=https://archive.org/details/orderedtodiehist0000eric|place=Westport, CT|date=2001}}
* {{cite book|last=Findley|first=Carter Vaughn|date=2010|title=Turkey, Islam, Nationalism, and Modernity|publisher=Yale University Press}}
* {{cite book|author=[[David Fromkin|Fromkin, David]]|title=A Peace to End All Peace: The Fall of the Ottoman Empire and the Creation of the Modern Middle East|url=https://archive.org/details/peacetoendallpea00from_0|place=New York|publisher=Avon Books|date=1989}}
* {{cite book|editor=G G Gilbar|title=Ottoman Palestine|place=London|date=1990}}
* {{cite book|first=W.W.|last=Haddad|first2=W.|last2=Ochsenwald|title=Nationalism in a Non-Nationalist State: The Dissolution of the Ottoman Empire|place=Columbus, OH|date=1977}}
* {{cite book|first=H.N.|last=Howard|title=The Partition of Turkey: A Diplomatic History, 1913-1923|url=https://archive.org/details/partitionofturke0000harr|place=Norman, OK|date=1966}}
* {{cite journal| author=[[Friedrich Freiherr Kress von Kressenstein|von Kressenstein, F Kress]] | title=Zwicken Kaukasus und Sinai| journal=Jahrbuch des Bundes der Aisenkampfer| language=german | date=1921}}
* {{cite book| author=[[Friedrich Freiherr Kress von Kressenstein|von Kressenstein, F Kress]] |title=Mit dem Turken zum Suezkanal|language=german|place=Berlin|date=1938}}
* {{cite book| author = [[T.E.Lawrence|Lawrence, T.E.]] | title=Seven Pillars of Wisdom: A Triumph|edition=5th | place=London| date=1976}}
* {{cite book|last=Mango|first=Andrew|date=1999|title=Atatürk: The Biography of the Founder of Modern Turkey|url=https://archive.org/details/ataturk0000mang_b0t1|place=Woodstock, NY|publisher=The Overlook Press|isbn=1-58567-011-1}}
* {{cite journal |author=[[Sean McMeekin|McMeekin, Sean]] |title=The Russian Origins of the First World War |location=Cambridge, MA | publisher=Belknap Press of the Harvard University Press |year=2011}}
* {{cite book|author=[[Irfan Orga|Orga, Irfan]]|title=Phoenix Ascendant: The Rise of Modern Turkey|place=London|date=1958}}
* {{cite book|last=Provence|first= Michael|date=2005|title=The Great Syrian Revolt and the Rise of Arab Nationalism|url=https://archive.org/details/greatsyrianrevol0000prov|publisher=University of Texas Press|isbn=0-292-70680-4}}
* {{cite book|first=E.E.|last=Ramsaur|title=The Young Turks: the Prelude to the Revolution of 1908|place=New York|date=1957}}
* {{cite book | author1= [[Barry M. Rubin|Rubin, Barry M.]] |author2= Kemal Kirişci |date=1 January 2001 |title= Turkey in World Politics: An Emerging Multiregional Power | url= https://archive.org/details/turkeyinworldpol0000unse|publisher= Lynne Rienner Publishers |isbn= 978-1-55587-954-9}}
* {{cite journal |last=Salibi |first= K. |date=1976 |title= Beirut under the Young Turks: As Depicted in the Political Memoirs of Salim Ali Salam (1868–1938) |first2=J. |last2=Berque |first3=D. |last3=Chevalier | journal= Les Arabes par leurs archives: XVIe-XXe siecles |place=Paris |publisher= Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique}}
* {{cite journal | author =[[Stanford J. Shaw|Shaw, Stanford J.]] |first2=E.K. |last2=Shaw |journal=History of the Ottoman Empire and Modern Turkey |volume=2 of 2 vols |title= Reform, Revolution and Republic: The Rise of Modern Turkey |place=Cambridge |date=1977}}
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[[Kategori:Kelahiran 1872]]
[[Kategori:Kematian 1922]]
[[Kategori:Tiga Pasha]]
[[Kategori:Kesultanan Utsmaniyah]]
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