Suku Chukchi: Perbedaan antara revisi
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{{Infobox ethnic group
|group=Chukchi<br>ԓыгъоравэтԓьэт, о'равэтԓьэт
|image=[[
|caption= Orang Chukchi
|poptime= 15,938 ([[Russian Census (2002)|2002 Census]])
|region1 = {{flag|Russia}}
|pop1 = 15,908
|ref1 = <ref name="пер.2010">
|region2 = {{flag|Ukraine}}
|pop2 = 30
|ref2 = <ref name="2001.ukrcensus.gov.ua">[http://2001.ukrcensus.gov.ua/results/nationality_population/nationality_popul1/select_5/?botton=cens_db&box=5.1W&k_t=00&p=125&rz=1_1&rz_b=2_1%20%20&n_page=6 State statistics committee of Ukraine – National composition of population, 2001 census] (Ukrainian)</ref>
|popplace=[[Chukotka
|rels=[[
|langs=[[
|related-c=
}}
[[
'''Chukchi'''<ref>{{Cite book|last=Chisholm|first=Hugh Ed|date=1911|url=https://en.m.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Chukchi|title=Chukchi|publisher=Cambridge University Press|pages=323|url-status=live}}</ref>, atau '''Chukchee''' ([[Rusia]]: чукчи (jamak), чукча (Tunggal) [[Bahasa Chukchi|Chukot]]: Ԓыгъоравэтԓьэт, О'равэтԓьэт, Ḷygʺoravètḷʹèt, O'ravètḷʹèt)) adalah penduduk asli yang mendiami [[Semenanjung Chukchi
== Sejarah budaya ==
Mayoritas Chukchi
Para Chukchi secara tradisional dibagi ke dalam ''Maritime Chukchi'', yang tempat tinggal nya menetap di pantai dan terutama hidup dari berburu [[mamalia laut]], dan ''Reindeer Chukchi'', yang hidup secara nomaden di pedalaman wilayah [[tundra]], bermigrasi secara musiman dengan kawanan rusa milik mereka. Nama Rusia "Chukchi" berasal dari kata Chukchi yaitu ''Chauchu'' ("kaya akan rusa"), yang digunakan oleh 'Reindeer Chukchi' untuk membedakan diri mereka dari 'Maritime Chukchi,' yang disebut sebagai ''Anqallyt'' ("orang-orang laut"). Nama untuk seorang anggota dari kelompok etnis Chukchi secara keseluruhan adalah ''Luoravetlan'' (Harfiah 'orang yang asli'). Di agama Chukchi, setiap benda, baik hidup maupun mati, diberikan roh. Roh ini bisa bersifat berbahaya ataupun baik hati. Beberapa mitos-mitos Chukchi mengungkapkan [[kosmologi dualistik]]. Praktik keagamaan Chukchi dilarang oleh [[Uni Soviet]] di 1920. Setelah runtuhnya Uni Soviet, tanah pertanian milik pemerintah ditata kembali dan diprivatisasi secara nominal. Proses ini pada akhirnya merusak desa-ekonomi yang berbasis di [[Chukotka]]. Wilayah ini masih belum sepenuhnya pulih. Banyak pedesaan Chukchi, serta Rusia di desa-desa [[Chukotka]], selamat dalam beberapa tahun terakhir hanya dengan bantuan-bantuan langsung kemanusiaan. Beberapa Chukchi ada yang telah mencapai gelar universitas, menjadi penyair, penulis, politisi, guru, dan dokter.
== Referensi ==
Baris 31 ⟶ 29:
== Pustaka ==
* Forsyth, James, 'A History of the Peoples of Siberia', 1992.
* {{cite book|last=Anyiszimov|first=A. F.|title=Az ősközösségi társadalom szellemi élete|publisher=Kossuth Könyvkiadó|location=Budapest|year=1981|language=Hungarian|isbn=963-09-1843-9}} Title means: "The spiritual life of primitive society". The book is composed out of the translations of the following two originals: {{cite book|last=Анисимов|first=Ф. А.|script-title=ru:Духовная жизнь первобытново общества|publisher=Наука|location=Москва • Ленинград|year=1966|language=Russian}} The other one: {{cite book|last=Анисимов|first=Ф. А.|script-title=ru:Исторические особенности первобытново мышления|publisher=Наука|location=Москва • Ленинград|year=1971|language=Russian}}
* {{cite book|author=Patty A. Gray|year=2005|title=The Predicament of Chukotka's Indigenous Movement: Post-Soviet Activism in the Russian Far North|url=https://archive.org/details/predicamentofchu0000gray|publisher=Cambridge|isbn=0-521-82346-3}}
* C. Michael Hogan (2008) [http://globaltwitcher.auderis.se/artspec_information.asp?thingid=36084 ''Polar Bear: Ursus maritimus'', Globaltwitcher.com, ed. Nicklas Stromberg] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081224205716/http://globaltwitcher.auderis.se/artspec_information.asp?thingid=36084 |date=2008-12-24 }}
* {{cite book|author=Anna Kerttula|year=2000|title=Antler on the Sea|url=https://archive.org/details/antleronseayupik00kert|publisher=Cornell University Press|isbn=0-8014-3681-8}}
* {{cite web |title=The Chukchis |url=http://www.eki.ee/books/redbook/chukchis.shtml |work=The Red Book of the Peoples of the Russian Empire}}
* {{cite web |url=http://www.allthingsarctic.com/people/chukchi.aspx |title=All Things Arctic
* {{cite book|last=Zolotarjov|first=A.M.|chapter=Társadalomszervezet és dualisztikus teremtésmítoszok Szibériában|editor=Hoppál, Mihály|title=A Tejút fiai. Tanulmányok a finnugor népek hitvilágáról|pages=29–58|publisher=Európa Könyvkiadó|location=Budapest|year=1980|language=Hungarian|isbn= 963-07-2187-2}} Chapter means: "Social structure and dualistic creation myths in Siberia"; title means: "The sons of Milky Way. Studies on the belief systems of Finno-Ugric peoples".
* {{cite AV media |title=Ĉukĉ, Even, Jukaghir. Kolyma: Chants de nature et d'animaux. Sibérie 3 |publisher=Musique du monde}}
== Pranala luar ==
{{Commons category|Chukchi people}}
* [http://www.holyebooks.org/?p=258 Chukchee Mythology by Waldemar Bogoras]
* {{cite book|last=Bogoraz|first=Waldemar|authorlink=Vladimir Bogoraz|title=The Chukchee. Vol. 11 Part 1: Material culture|series=Memoirs of the American Museum of Natural History|year=1904|location=Leiden • New York|publisher=E. J. Brill ltd • G. E. Stechert & Co|url=http://digitallibrary.amnh.org/dspace/bitstream/2246/5745/6/M11Pt01.pdf|format=pdf|access-date=2015-06-09|archive-date=2011-03-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110313184924/http://digitallibrary.amnh.org/dspace/bitstream/2246/5745/6/M11Pt01.pdf|dead-url=yes}}
* {{cite book|last=Bogoraz|first=Waldemar|authorlink=Vladimir Bogoraz|title=The Chukchee. Vol. 11 Part 2: Religion|series=Memoirs of the American Museum of Natural History|year=1907|location=Leiden • New York|publisher=E. J. Brill ltd • G. E. Stechert & Co|url=http://digitallibrary.amnh.org/dspace/bitstream/2246/5745/5/M11Pt02.pdf|format=pdf|access-date=2015-06-09|archive-date=2011-03-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110313190947/http://digitallibrary.amnh.org/dspace/bitstream/2246/5745/5/M11Pt02.pdf|dead-url=yes}}
* {{cite book|last=Bogoraz|first=Waldemar|authorlink=Vladimir Bogoraz|title=The Chukchee. Vol. 11 Part 3: Social organization|series=Memoirs of the American Museum of Natural History|year=1909|location=Leiden • New York|publisher=E. J. Brill ltd • G. E. Stechert & Co|url=http://digitallibrary.amnh.org/dspace/bitstream/2246/5745/4/M11Pt03.pdf|format=pdf|access-date=2015-06-09|archive-date=2011-03-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110313191117/http://digitallibrary.amnh.org/dspace/bitstream/2246/5745/4/M11Pt03.pdf|dead-url=yes}}
* {{cite book|last=Bogoraz|first=Waldemar|authorlink=Vladimir Bogoraz|title=Chukchee Mythology|series=Memoirs of the American Museum of Natural History|year=1910|location=Leiden • New York|publisher=E. J. Brill ltd • G. E. Stechert & Co|url=http://digitallibrary.amnh.org/dspace/bitstream/2246/28/1/M12Pt01.pdf|format=pdf|access-date=2015-06-09|archive-date=2011-03-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110313191238/http://digitallibrary.amnh.org/dspace/bitstream/2246/28/1/M12Pt01.pdf|dead-url=yes}}
* {{cite journal |last=Siimets |first=Ülo |title=The Sun, the Moon and Firmament in Chukchi Mythology and on the Relations of Celestial Bodies and Sacrifices |journal=Electronic Journal of Folklore |publisher=Estonian Folklore |volume=32 |year=2006 |pages=129–156 |url=http://www.folklore.ee/folklore/vol32/siimets.pdf |format=pdf |doi=10.7592/fejf2006.32.siimets}}
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[[Kategori:Rusia]]
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