Eugenika di Amerika Serikat: Perbedaan antara revisi
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[[Eugenika]] merupakan seperangkat keyakinan dan praktik yang bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kualitas [[genetika]] suatu [[populasi penduduk dunia]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/glossary=eugenics|title=Eugenics|date=26 September 2010|website=Unified Medical Language System (Psychological Index Terms)|publisher=National Library of Medicine}}</ref><ref name="Galton1904">{{Cite journal|last=Galton, Francis|author-link=Francis Galton|date=July 1904|title=Eugenics: Its Definition, Scope, and Aims|url=http://www.mugu.com/galton/essays/1900-1911/galton-1904-am-journ-soc-eugenics-scope-aims.htm|journal=The American Journal of Sociology|volume=X|issue=1|pages=82, 1st paragraph|bibcode=1904Natur..70...82.|doi=10.1038/070082a0|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071103082723/http://galton.org/essays/1900-1911/galton-1904-am-journ-soc-eugenics-scope-aims.htm|archive-date=3 November 2007|access-date=27 December 2010|quote=Eugenics is the science which deals with all influences that improve the inborn qualities of a race; also with those that develop them to the utmost advantage.}}</ref> yang memainkan peran penting dalam sejarah dan budaya [[Amerika Serikat]] sebelum keterlibatannya dalam [[Perang Dunia II]].<ref name="SusanCurrell">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/?id=WRL6MbBO024C&pg=PA86&dq=the+eugenics+industry#v=onepage&q&f=false|title=Popular eugenics: national efficiency and American mass culture in the 1930s|last=Susan Currell|publisher=Ohio University Press|year=2006|isbn=978-0-8214-1691-4|pages=2–3|access-date=18 July 2011}}</ref>
Eugenika telah dipraktikkan di Amerika Serikat selama bertahun-tahun sebelum program eugenika di Nazi Jerman,<ref>Lombardo, 2011: [https://books.google.com/books?id=FAB-6RzKAQIC&pg=PA1 p. 1].</ref> di mana sebagian besarnya terinspirasi dari karya Amerika sebelumnya.<ref name="Kuhl2">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/?id=UGYfRv3DWuQC&pg=PA70&dq=eugenics+is+a+forms+of+racism#v=onepage&q=eugenics%20is%20a%20forms%20of%20racism&f=false|title=The Nazi Connection: Eugenics, American Racism, and German National Socialism|last=Kühl, Stefan|date=14 February 2002|isbn=978-0-19-534878-1|page=86}}</ref><ref name="black2003">{{Cite web|url=http://www.sfgate.com/opinion/article/Eugenics-and-the-Nazis-the-California-2549771.php|title=Eugenics and the Nazis – the California connection|last=Edwin Black|date=9 November 2003|publisher=''San Francisco Chronicle''|access-date=2 February 2017}}</ref>
Selama [[Progresivisme|Era Progresif di]] akhir abad ke-19 dan awal abad ke-20, eugenika dianggap sebagai metode untuk melestarikan dan memperbaiki kelompok dominan dalam suatu [[populasi]]; yang kini umumnya terkait dengan elemen-elemen [[Rasisme|rasis]] dan [[Naivisme|nativis]], yang di mana gerakan tersebut pada suatu taraf tertentu merupakan reaksi terhadap perubahan [[emigrasi]] dari Eropa, serta bukan merupakan [[genetika]] secara ilmiah.<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Gene|url=https://archive.org/details/geneintimatehist0000mukh_t2d2|last=Mukherjee|first=Siddhartha|date=2016|publisher=Scribner|pages=82–83<!--<nowiki>|</nowiki>pages=608-->}}</ref>
== Lihat pula ==
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{{refbegin}}
* {{cite book|author=Bender, Daniel E.|title=American abyss: savagery and civilization in the age of industry|year=2009|publisher=[[Cornell University Press]]|isbn=978-0-8014-4598-9|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qpFA2Ea-rdkC}}
* {{cite news|author=Black, Edwin|authorlink=Edwin Black|title=Eugenics and the Nazis – the California connection
* {{cite journal|author=Boudreau, Erica Bicchieri|title='Yea, I have a Goodly Heritage': Health Versus Heredity in the Fitter Family Contests, 1920–1928|journal=[[Journal of Family History]]|volume=30|issue=4|year=2005|url=http://jfh.sagepub.com/cgi/content/short/30/4/366|doi=10.1177/0363199005276359|pages=366–87|pmid=16304739|access-date=2018-03-04|archive-date=2013-01-05|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130105090702/http://jfh.sagepub.com/cgi/content/short/30/4/366|dead-url=yes}}
* {{cite book|author=Engs, Ruth C.|authorlink=Ruth C. Engs|title=The eugenics movement: an encyclopedia|publisher=[[Greenwood Press]]|year=2005|isbn=978-0-313-32791-9|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ePEiAQAAIAAJ}}
* {{cite book|author=Kevles, Daniel J.|authorlink=Daniel Kevles|title=In the Name of Eugenics: genetics and the uses of human heredity|publisher=[[Harvard University Press]]|year=1986|isbn=978-0-520-05763-0|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8esnhRxBomMC}}
* {{cite book|author=Kühl, Stefan|title=The Nazi Connection: Eugenics, American Racism, and German National Socialism|publisher=[[Oxford University Press US]]|year=2001|isbn=978-0-19-514978-4|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UGYfRv3DWuQC}}
* {{cite book|author=Lombardo, Paul A.|authorlink=
* {{cite book|author=Lombardo, Paul A.|title=A Century of Eugenics in America: From the Indiana Experiment to the Human Genome Era|publisher=[[Indiana University Press]]|year=2011|isbn=978-0-253-22269-5|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FAB-6RzKAQIC}}
* {{cite book|author=McWhorter, Ladelle|title=Racism and sexual oppression in Anglo-America: a genealogy|year=2009|publisher=Indiana University Press|isbn=978-0-253-22063-9|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EC5pdKPXIG0C}}
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* {{cite book|author=Pernick, Martin S.|title=The Black Stork: Eugenics and the Death of "Defective" Babies in American Medicine and Motion Pictures Since 1915|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=1999|isbn=978-0-19-513539-8|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IJJVYrnImOsC}}
* {{cite journal|author=Pernick, Martin S.|title=Taking Better Baby Contests Seriously |year=2002|volume=92|issue=5|pages=707–708|pmc=1447148|pmid=11988430|journal=[[American Journal of Public Health]]|doi=10.2105/ajph.92.5.707}}
* {{cite journal|author=Selden, Steven|title=Transforming Better Babies into Fitter Families: Archival Resources and the History of the American Eugenics Movement, 1908–1930|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_proceedings-of-the-american-philosophical-society_2005-06_149_2/page/199|work=[[American Philosophical Society]]|volume=149|issue=2|year=2005|pages=199–225}}
* {{cite book|author=Stern, Alexandra|title=Eugenic nation: faults and frontiers of better breeding in modern America|publisher=University of California Press|year=2005|isbn=978-0-520-24444-3|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MB23Zoyl54UC&printsec=frontcover}}
{{refend}}
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* {{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UcR0aqi1SEMC|title=Sex, Race, and Science: Eugenics in the Deep South|last=Larson, Edward J.|publisher=JHU Press|year=1996|isbn=978-0-8018-5511-5}}
* {{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5b6i4f9Yj9AC|title=Hitler's black victims: the historical experiences of Afro-Germans, European Blacks, Africans, and African Americans in the Nazi era|last=Lusane, Clarence|publisher=Psychology Press|year=2002|isbn=978-0-415-93295-0|author-link=Clarence Lusane}}
* {{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=X99qg-eQDKcC&printsec=frontcover|title=Picture Imperfect: Photography and Eugenics, 1870–1940|last=Maxwell, Anne|publisher=Sussex Academic Press|year=2010|isbn=978-1-84519-415-4}}{{Pranala mati|date=Januari 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
* {{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=it1LHbLKVpkC&printsec=frontcover|title=Birth control politics in the United States, 1916–1945|last=McCann, Carole Ruth|publisher=Cornell University Press|year=1999|isbn=978-0-8014-8612-8}}
* {{Cite news|url=http://harvardmagazine.com/2000/03/the-eugenic-temptation.html|title=The Eugenic Temptation: When ethics lag behind technology|last=Mendelsohn, Everett|date=March–April 2000|work=Harvard Magazine}}
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* {{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DrKgIIxCHVIC|title=Preaching eugenics: religious leaders and the American eugenics movement|last=Rosen, Christine|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2004|isbn=978-0-19-515679-9}}
* {{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=N0ths5DOgGgC&pg=PA638|title=Routledge International Encyclopedia of Women: Education: Health to Hypertension|last=Ross, Loretta|publisher=Psychology Press|year=2000|isbn=978-0-415-92089-6|volume=Vol. 2|page=638|chapter=Eugenics: African-American Case Study—Eugenics and Family Planning}}
* {{Cite book|title=Choice and Coercion: Birth Control, Sterilization, and Abortion in Public Health and Welfare|url=https://archive.org/details/choicecoercionbi0000scho|last=Schoen|first=Johanna|publisher=University of North Carolina Press|year=2005|isbn=978-0807855850|location=Chapel Hill, NC}}
* {{Cite book|title=Pregnancy and Power: A Short History of Reproductive Politics in America|last=Solinger|first=Rickie|publisher=NYU Press|year=2005|isbn=978-0814798287|location=New York, NY}}
* {{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8XsohRAhoz4C|title=The Eugenic Assault on America: Scenes in Red, White and Black|last=Smith, J. David.|publisher=George Mason University Press|year=1993|isbn=978-0-913969-53-3}}
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== Pranala luar ==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110928231836/http://www.southernspaces.org/2011/color-democracy-japanese-public-health-officials-reconnaissance-trip-us-south The Color of Democracy: A Japanese Public Health Official's Reconnaissance Trip to the U.S. South] Takeuchi-Demirci, Aiko. ''Southern Spaces'' 18 Maret 2011.
* [http://bioethics.georgetown.edu/publications/scopenotes/sn28.htm "Eugenics"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100704194532/http://bioethics.georgetown.edu/publications/scopenotes/sn28.htm |date=2010-07-04 }}, ''Scope Note 28'', Bioethics Research Center, [[Universitas Georgetown|Universitas Georgetown<br>]]
* Plotz, David. "The Better Baby Business", ''Washington Post'', 13 March 2001. Web. 25 April 2010. [http://www.slate.com/id/102374].
* [http://www.uvm.edu/~lkaelber/eugenics/ Eugenics: Compulsory Sterilization in 50 American States], Kaelber, Lutz (ed.)
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* [http://embryo.asu.edu/pages/buck-v-bell-1927 "Buck v.] [http://embryo.asu.edu/pages/buck-v-bell-1927 Bell (1927)" by N. Antonios and C. Raup pada Embryo Project Encyclopedia]
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