Sejarah ilmu: Perbedaan antara revisi
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{{Sejarah sains kotak sisi}}
'''Sejarah
(sejarah seni dan humaniora disebut sebagai sejarah filologi) Dari abad ke-18 sampai akhir abad ke-20, sejarah sains, khususnya ilmu fisika dan biologi, sering disajikan dalam narasi progresif yang mana teori yang benar menggantikan keyakinan yang salah.
<ref>{{cite book
Baris 104:
|author-link = Clive Ruggles
|title = Astronomy in Prehistoric Britain and Ireland
|url = https://archive.org/details/astronomyinprehi0000rugg
|place = New Haven
|publisher = Yale University Press
Baris 325 ⟶ 326:
|first=Ronald
|title=A Contextual History of Mathematics
|url=https://archive.org/details/contextualhistor0000cali
|year=1999
|publisher=Prentice-Hall
|isbn=0-02-318285-7
|pages=[https://archive.org/details/contextualhistor0000cali/page/150 150]
|quote=Setelah Euclid, penulis dari buku panduan definitif, datang Archimedes dari Syracuse (sekitar 287-212 SM.), matematikawan yang paling orisinil dan mendalam dari era kuno
}}</ref>
Baris 361 ⟶ 363:
'''Matematika:''' Jejak awal pengetahuan matematika di anak benua India muncul dengan [[Peradaban Lembah Indus]] (sekitar milenium ke-4 SM - sekitar milenium ke-3 SM.).
Orang-orang peradaban ini membuat batu bata yang dimensi-nya berada dalam proporsi 4:2:1, dianggap menguntungkan bagi stabilitas struktur bata.
<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www-history.mcs.st-and.ac.uk/history/Projects/Pearce/Chapters/Ch3.html |title=Salinan arsip |access-date=2013-08-27 |archive-date=2018-05-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180510223411/http://www-history.mcs.st-and.ac.uk/history/Projects/Pearce/Chapters/Ch3.html |dead-url=yes }}</ref>
Mereka juga berusaha untuk membakukan pengukuran panjang sampai pada tingkat akurasi yang tinggi.
Mereka merancang penggaris -- ''penggaris Mohenjo-daro''—yang panjang unit-unitnya (sekitar 1,32 inci atau 3,4 cm) dibagi menjadi sepuluh bagian yang sama.
Baris 401:
, Wiley. ISBN 0-471-37568-3.
</ref>
<ref name="oconnor">O'Connor, J.J. and E.F. Robertson. 2000.
[http://www-gap.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/HistTopics/Indian_numerals.html 'Indian Numerals'] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929131009/http://www-gap.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/%7Ehistory/HistTopics/Indian_numerals.html |date=2007-09-29 }}, ''MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive''▼
▲[http://www-gap.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/HistTopics/Indian_numerals.html 'Indian Numerals'], ''MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive''
, School of Mathematics and Statistics
, University of St. Andrews, Scotland.</ref>
Selama abad ke-14 sampai abad ke-16, [[Sekolah astronomi dan matematika Kerala]] membuat kemajuan yang signifikan dalam astronomi dan terutama matematika, termasuk bidang-bidang seperti [[trigonometri]] dan [[Analisis matematika|analisis]].
Secara khusus, [[Madhava dari Sangamagrama]] dianggap sebagai "pendiri [[analisis matematika"]].
Baris 655 ⟶ 653:
|year=1994
|title=A History of Arabic Astronomy: Planetary Theories During the Golden Age of Islam
|url=https://archive.org/details/historyofarabica0000sali
|publisher=[[New York University Press]]
|isbn=0-8147-8023-7
|pages=[https://archive.org/details/historyofarabica0000sali/page/254 254]& 256–257
|ref=harv
|postscript=<!--None-->
Baris 1.670 ⟶ 1.669:
* {{Cite book|year=2003|last=Heilbron|first= John L., ed.|location=New York|publisher=Oxford University Press|title=The Oxford Companion to the History of Modern Science|url=https://archive.org/details/oxfordcompaniont0000unse_s7n3|isbn= 0-19-511229-6|ref=harv|postscript=<!--None-->}}
* Herzenberg, Caroline L. 1986. ''Women Scientists from Antiquity to the Present'' Locust Hill Press ISBN 0-933951-01-9
* {{cite book|first=Thomas S.|last=Kuhn|authorlink=Thomas S. Kuhn|year=1996|title=The Structure of Scientific Revolutions|url=https://archive.org/details/structureofscien0003kuhn_k955|publisher=University of Chicago Press|isbn=0-226-45807-5}} (3rd ed.)
* Kumar, Deepak (2006). ''Science and the Raj: A Study of British India'', 2nd edition. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-568003-0
* Lakatos, Imre ''History of Science and its Rational Reconstructions'' published in ''The Methodology of Scientific Research Programmes: Philosophical Papers Volume 1'' . Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 1978
Baris 1.685 ⟶ 1.684:
* Porter, Roy, ed. '' '' ''The Cambridge History of Science, Volume 4: The Eighteenth Century'' (2003)
* Rousseau, George and Roy Porter, eds., ''The Ferment of Knowledge: Studies in the Historiography of Science'' (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1980). ISBN 0-521-22599-X
* {{Cite book|last=Sambursky|first=Shmuel|year=1974|title=Physical Thought from the Presocratics to the Quantum Physicists: an anthology selected, introduced and edited by Shmuel Sambursky|url=https://archive.org/details/physicalthoughtf0000unse|location=New York|publisher=Pica Press|pages=[https://archive.org/details/physicalthoughtf0000unse/page/584 584]|isbn=0-87663-712-8|ref=harv|postscript=<!-- Bot inserted parameter. Either remove it; or change its value to "." for the cite to end in a ".", as necessary. -->{{inconsistent citations}}}}
* Indian Ancient Sciences: Archaeology Based, ISBN 978-3-8383-9027-7, Lap Lambert-Germany.
Baris 1.702 ⟶ 1.701:
* [http://www.dhstweb.org/ Situs resmi dari Divisi Sejarah sains dan Teknologi dari International Union Sejarah dan Filsafat Ilmu]
* [http://www.worldwideschool.org/library/catalogs/bysubject-sci-history.html A History of Science, jilid 1-4] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/19991006233503/http://www.worldwideschool.org/library/catalogs/bysubject-sci-history.html |date=1999-10-06 }}, teks online
* [http://www.hssonline.org/ Sejarah sains Masyarakat ("HSS")] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200915192429/https://hssonline.org/ |date=2020-09-15 }}
* {{fr icon}} [http://www.crhst.cnrs.fr The CNRS, Pusat Penelitian Sejarah sains dan Teknologi] di Paris (Perancis)
* [http://nobelprize.org/ Situs resmi Yayasan Nobel]. Fitur biografi dan info tentang pemenang Nobel
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