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Baris 1:
{{Infobox Settlement
{{inuse}}
{{Redirect|Nashville}}
{{Infobox settlement
|name = Nashville
|settlement_type = [[Daftar kota di Amerika Serikat|Kota]] - [[County (Amerika Serikat)|County]]
Baris 11 ⟶ 9:
|flag_size =
|flag_link =
|pushpin_map = USA Tennessee
|pushpin_map1 = USA
|pushpin_map_caption1 = Lokasi di Amerika Serikat
Baris 28 ⟶ 26:
|established_date2 = 1806
|leader_title = [[Wali kota]]
|leader_name = [[KarlFreddie DeanO'Connell]] ([[Partai Demokrat (Amerika Serikat)|D]])
|area_magnitude = 1 E8
|area_total_km2 = 1362.5
|area_total_sq_mi = 526.1
|area_land_km2 = 1300.8
|area_land_sq_mi = 502.2
|area_water_km2 = 61.8
|area_water_sq_mi = 23.9
|population_as_of = 2008
|population_total = 626.,144 <small>(total)</small><br />596.,462 <small>(neraca)</small>
|population_footnotes = <ref name="census2">[http://www.census.gov/popest/counties/tables/CO-EST2008-07.xls U.S.Sensus CensusAmerika LargestSerikat, USCounty-County Countiesterbesar Bymenurut Populationjumlah penduduk]</ref><ref name="balance">{{cite web |url=http://www.census.gov/popest/cities/tables/SUB-EST2008-01.xls |title=TableTabel 1: AnnualTaksiran EstimatesTahunan ofJumlah thePenduduk Populationuntuk forkawasan Incorporatedgabungan Placesyang Overmelebihi 100,.000 jiwa, RankedPer by1 July 1,Juli 2008 Population: 1 April 1, 2000 to Julysampai 1, Juli 2008 |format=[[comma-separated values|CSV]] |work=2007 Population Estimates |publisher=[[UnitedBiro StatesSensus CensusAmerika BureauSerikat]], PopulationBagian DivisionKependudukan |date=2008-07-10 |accessdate=2008-07-10 }}</ref><ref name="census3">[http://www.census.gov/popest/metro/tables/2008/CBSA-EST2008-05.xls U.S.Taksiran CensusJumlah PopulationPenduduk EstimatesSensus forPenduduk Amerika Serikat tahun 2008 - Kawasan Metropolitan Areas]</ref><ref>''ConsolidatedTotal'' refersmaksudnya tojumlah thependuduk population ofCounty Davidson County; ''BalanceNeraca'' refersmaksudnya tojumlah the population ofpenduduk Nashville excludingtanpa otherkota-kota incorporatedgabungan citiesdi withindalam thebatas-batas Nashville-Davidson boundary.</ref>
|population_metro = 1.,666.,566
|population_density_km2 = 476,.3
|population_density_sq_mi = 1233.8
|timezone = [[Waktu Standar Tengah|CST]]
|utc_offsettimezone = -6[[Waktu Standar Tengah|CST]]
|timezone_DSTutc_offset = [[Waktu Standar Tengah|CDT]] = -6
|timezone_DST = [[Waktu Standar Tengah|CDT]]
|utc_offset_DST = -5
|area_code = 615
Baris 74 ⟶ 73:
'''Nashville''' adalah [[ibu kota]] dari [[Daftar negara bagian Amerika Serikat|negara bagian]] [[Tennessee]] sekaligus sebagai pusat pemerintahan County Davidson. Nashville terletak di [[Sungai Cumberland]] di [[County Davidson, Tennessee|County Davidson]], di bagian tengah-utara negara bagian ini. Kota ini adalah pusat pelayanan kesehatan, industri musik, [[penerbitan]], [[perbankan]], dan industri [[transportasi]], dan menjadi tempat bagi sejumlah besar [[universitas]] dan lembaga pendidikan tinggi lainnya.
 
Nashville memiliki pemerintahan kerjasama antara [[kota]] dan [[county (Amerika Serikat)|county]] yang mencakup tujuh munisipalitas yang lebih kecil di dalam sistem dua-ikatan. Jumlah penduduk '''County Nashville-Davidson''' sejumlah 626.144 pada 2008,<ref name="census2"/> menurut taksiran [[Biro Sensus Amerika Serikat]]. Ini membuatnya menjadi kota terbanyak penduduk kedua di negara bagian itu setelah [[Memphis, Tennessee|Memphis]]. Tetapi, jumlah penduduk tahun 2009 dari semua 13-county Kawasan Statistik Metropolitan Nashville adalah sejumlah 1.582.264,<ref name="census3"/> membuatnya menjadi kawasan metropolitan terbesar di negara bagian itu. Pada 2009, jumlah penduduk di kawasan statistik gabungan Nashville-Davidson-Murfreesboro-Columbia ditaksir sejumlah 1.666.566.
<!--
Nashville has a [[consolidated city-county]] government which includes seven smaller municipalities in a two-tier system. The population of '''Nashville-Davidson County''' stood at 626,144 as of 2008,<ref name="census2"/> according to [[United States Census Bureau]] estimates. This makes it the second most populous city in the state after [[Memphis, Tennessee|Memphis]]. However, the 2009 population of the entire 13-county [[Nashville Metropolitan Statistical Area]] was 1,582,264,<ref name="census3"/> making it the largest [[United States metropolitan area|metropolitan area]] in the state. The 2009 population of the Nashville-Davidson-Murfreesboro-Columbia [[combined statistical area]] was estimated at 1,666,566.
-->
 
== Sejarah ==
Nashville didirikan oleh James Robertson, John Donelson, dan sekelompok perkumpulan Watauga pada tahun 1779, dan pada awalnya disebut Fort Nashborough, mengikuti nama pahlawan [[Perang Revolusi Amerika]], [[Francis Nash]]. Nashville cepat berkembang karena lokasinya yang strategis, berperan sebagai dermaga sungai, dan status terakhirnya sebagai pusat perkeretaapian utama. Pada tahun 1806, Nashville berupa korporasi munisipal sebagai sebuah kota dan menjadi pusat pemerintahan County Davidson. Pada tahun 1843, kota ini dijadikan pusat pemerintahan negara bagian Tennessee.
<!--
{{Main|History of Nashville, Tennessee}}
Nashville was founded by [[James Robertson (early American)|James Robertson]], [[John Donelson]], and a party of [[Watauga Association|Wataugans]] in 1779, and was originally called [[Fort Nashborough]], after the [[American Revolutionary War]] hero [[Francis Nash]]. Nashville quickly grew because of its prime location, accessibility as a river [[port]], and its later status as a major [[railroad]] center. In 1806, Nashville was [[Municipal corporation|incorporated]] as a city and became the [[county seat]] of Davidson County, Tennessee. In 1843, the city was named the permanent [[Capital (political)|capital]] of the state of Tennessee.
 
[[ImageBerkas:Old nashville riverfront.jpg|leftkiri|250px|thumbjmpl|NashvilleTepian riverfrontsungai shortlyNashville aftersegera thesetelah [[CivilPerang War (United States)|CivilSaudara WarAmerika]]]]
 
By 1860, when the first [[American Civil War|rumblings of secession]] began to be heard across the [[Southern United States|South]], [[Nashville in the Civil War|antebellum Nashville]] was a very prosperous city. The city's significance as a shipping port made it a desirable prize as a means of controlling important river and railroad transportation routes. In February 1862, Nashville became the first state capital to fall to Union troops. The [[Battle of Nashville]] (15–16 December 1864) was a significant Union victory and perhaps the most decisive tactical victory gained by either side in the war.
 
Pada 1860, ketika [[Perang Saudara Amerika|gemuruh pemisahan pertama]] mulai terdengar melintasi [[Amerika Serikat Selatan]], [[Nashville sebelum perang]] adalah kota yang sejahtera. Kepentingan kota sebagai pelabuhan pengapalan membuatnya menjadi hadiah yang diharapkan sebagai makna pengawasan jalur transportasi rel kereta dan sungai penting. Pada Februari 1862, Nashville menjadi ibu kota pertama negara bagian yang jatuh ke tentara Uni. [[Perang Nashville]] (15–16 Desember 1864) adalah kejayaan Uni yang penting dan mungkin kejayaan taktis yang paling menentukan yang didapatkan oleh masing-masing pihak di dalam perang itu.
<!--
Though the Civil War left Nashville in dire economic straits, the city quickly rebounded.{{Citation needed|date=June 2007}} Within a few years, the city had reclaimed its important shipping and trading position and also developed a solid [[manufacturing]] base. The post-Civil War years of the late 19th century brought a newfound prosperity to Nashville. These healthy economic times left the city with a legacy of grand classical-style buildings, which can still be seen around the downtown area.
 
Baris 95 ⟶ 90:
Today the city along the [[Cumberland River]] is a crossroads of American culture, and one of the fastest-growing areas of the [[Upper South]].
-->
[[Berkas:Nashville12002.jpg|jmpl|Pemandangan Kota Nashville]]
 
== Geografi ==
<!--
[[Image:Nashville TN satellite map cropped.jpg|thumb|200px|A satellite image of Nashville]]
-->
 
=== Topografi ===
<!--
Nashville lies on the [[Cumberland River]] in the northwestern portion of the [[Nashville Basin]]. Nashville's [[topography]] ranges from {{convert|385|ft}} above sea level at the Cumberland River to {{convert|1160|ft}} above sea level at its highest point.<ref name=usgs>{{cite web
|year=2001
|url=http://erg.usgs.gov/isb/pubs/booklets/elvadist/elvadist.html
|title=Elevations and Distances in the United States
|publisher=U.S Geological Survey
|accessdate=November 7, 2006}}</ref>
 
According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], the city has a total area of {{convert|526.1|sqmi}}, of which, {{convert|502.3|sqmi}} of it is land and {{convert|23.9|sqmi}} of it (4.53%) is water.
-->
 
=== Iklim ===
Nashville memiliki iklim subtropika lembap (Koppen ''Cfa''),<ref name="nashflgts">{{cite web |url=http://www.nashvilleflights.com/destinationguide/destinationguide.aspx?guide=Weather |title=Nashville Weather |work=NashvilleFlights.com |accessdate=January 29, 2010}}</ref> dengan musim dingin yang umumnya sedang dan singkat, dan musim panas yang lembap dan terik. Pada bulan Juli, suhu rendah rata-rata di pagi hari adalah sekitar {{convert|70|°F}} dan suhu tinggi rata-rata di siang hari adalah sekitar {{convert|89|°F}}. Pada bulan Januari, suhu rendah rata-rata di pagi hari adalah sekitar {{convert|28|°F}} dan suhu tinggi rata-rata di siang hari kira-kira {{convert|46|°F}}.<ref name="twc-avgs">{{cite web |url=http://www.weather.com/outlook/homeandgarden/garden/wxclimatology/monthly/graph/USTN0357 |title=Monthly Averages for Nashville, TN |work=Weather.com |accessdate=February 5, 2010 |archive-date=2010-08-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100818110614/http://www.weather.com/outlook/homeandgarden/garden/wxclimatology/monthly/graph/USTN0357 |dead-url=yes }}</ref> Suhu terdingin yang pernah tercatat di Nashville adalah {{convert|-17|°F}}, pada 21 Januari 1985, dan tertinggi adalah {{convert|107|°F}}, pada 28 Juli 1952.<ref name="records">{{cite web |url=http://www.srh.noaa.gov/ohx/?n=calendar |title=Calendar of Significant Weather Events in Middle Tennessee |work=NOAA.gov |date=2009-08-03 |accessdate=2009-09-22}}</ref> Pada bulan-bulan musim dingin, hujan salju muncul di Nashville tetapi tidak begitu masif. Hujan salju tahunan rata-rata adalah sekitar {{convert|10|in|mm}}, jatuh sebagian besar pada bulan Januari dan Februari dan kadang-kadang Maret dan Desember.<ref name=NCDC>{{cite web |url=http://cdo.ncdc.noaa.gov/climatenormals/clim20/tn/406402.pdf |title=NCDC: U.S. Climate Normals |accessdate=April 27, 2010 }}{{Pranala mati|date=Mei 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Salju terbesar terjadi sejak 2000 adalah pada 16 Januari 2003, ketika Nashville menerima {{convert|7|in|cm|0}} salju dalam sebuah badai; yang terbesar yang tercatat adalah {{convert|17|in|cm|0}}, diterima pada 17 Maret 1892.<ref name="noaa-nash-snowst">{{cite web |url=http://www.srh.noaa.gov/ohx/?n=snowstorms |title=Snowstorms Producing at Least 6" at Nashville |work=NOAA.gov |date=November 17, 2009 |accessdate=December 30, 2009}}</ref> Hujan tahunan rata-rata adalah {{convert|48.1|in|mm|SIGFIG=3}},<ref name="twc-avgs" /> biasanya dengan musim dingin dan musim semi yang paling basah dan musim gugur yang paling kering. Musim semi dan musim gugur pada umumnya hangat dan menyenangkan tetapi cenderung terjadi [[badai petir]], yang kadang-kadang membawa [[tornado]]&nbsp;— dengan kejadian besar terbaru pada 16 April 1998; 7 April 2006; 5 Februari 2008]]; 10 April 2009]]; dan 1-2 Mei 2010. Kelembapan relatif rata-rata di Nashville adalah 83% di pagi hari dan 60% di siang hari,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cityrating.com/cityhumidity.asp?City=Nashville |title=Nashville Relative Humidity |work=Cityrating.com |accessdate=2008-08-04}}</ref> yang dianggap moderat bagi kawasan Amerika bagian Tenggara.<ref>{{cite book|title=Cities of the United States|volume=1|publisher=Thomson-Gale|year=2006|page=511}}</ref> Di beberapa dasawarsa terakhir, akibat pembangunan kawasan perkotaan, Nashville telah berkembang menjadi pulau panas perkotaan (''urban heat island'') (UHI); khususnya pada malam yang dingin dan cerah, suhu sampai 10 derajat lebih panas di jantung kota daripada di kawasan perdesaan di sekitarnya.
<!--
Nashville has a [[humid subtropical climate]] (Koppen ''Cfa''),<ref name="nashflgts">{{cite web
|url=http://www.nashvilleflights.com/destinationguide/destinationguide.aspx?guide=Weather
|title=Nashville Weather
|work=NashvilleFlights.com
|accessdate=January 29, 2010}}</ref> with short, generally mild winters, and hot and humid summers. In July, morning lows average around {{convert|70|°F}} and afternoon highs average {{convert|89|°F}}. In January, morning lows average around {{convert|28|°F}} and afternoon highs average {{convert|46|°F}}.<ref name="twc-avgs">{{cite web
|url=http://www.weather.com/outlook/homeandgarden/garden/wxclimatology/monthly/graph/USTN0357
|title=Monthly Averages for Nashville, TN
|work=Weather.com
|accessdate=February 5, 2010}}</ref> The coldest temperature ever recorded in Nashville was {{convert|-17|°F}}, on January 21, 1985, and the highest was {{convert|107|°F}}, on July 28, 1952.<ref name="records">{{cite web
|url=http://www.srh.noaa.gov/ohx/?n=calendar
|title=Calendar of Significant Weather Events in Middle Tennessee
|work=NOAA.gov
|date=2009-08-03
|accessdate=2009-09-22}}</ref> In the winter months, snowfall does occur in Nashville but is usually not heavy. Average annual snowfall is about {{convert|10|in|mm}}, falling mostly in January and February and occasionally March and December.<ref name=NCDC>{{cite web
|url=http://cdo.ncdc.noaa.gov/climatenormals/clim20/tn/406402.pdf
|title=NCDC: U.S. Climate Normals
|accessdate= April 27, 2010}}</ref>. The largest snow event since 2000 was on January 16, 2003, when Nashville received {{convert|7|in|cm|0}} of snow in a single storm; the largest on record was {{convert|17|in|cm|0}}, received on March 17, 1892.<ref name="noaa-nash-snowst">{{cite web
|url=http://www.srh.noaa.gov/ohx/?n=snowstorms
|title=Snowstorms Producing at Least 6" at Nashville
|work=NOAA.gov
|date=November 17, 2009
|accessdate=December 30, 2009}}</ref> Average annual rainfall is {{convert|48.1|in|mm|SIGFIG=3}},<ref name="twc-avgs" /> typically with winter and spring being the wettest and autumn being the driest. Spring and fall are generally pleasantly warm but prone to [[severe thunderstorm]]s, which occasionally bring [[tornado]]es&nbsp;— with recent major events on [[1998 Nashville tornado outbreak|April 16, 1998]]; [[April 6–8, 2006 tornado outbreak|April 7, 2006]]; [[2008 Super Tuesday tornado outbreak|February 5, 2008]]; [[April 2009 tornado outbreak|April 10, 2009]]; and [[May 2010 Tennessee floods|May 1–2, 2010]]. Relative humidity in Nashville averages 83% in the mornings and 60% in the afternoons,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cityrating.com/cityhumidity.asp?City=Nashville |title=Nashville Relative Humidity |work=Cityrating.com |accessdate=2008-08-04}}</ref> which is considered moderate for the [[Southeastern United States]].<ref>{{cite book |title=Cities of the United States |volume=1 |publisher=Thomson-Gale |year=2006 |page=511}}</ref> In recent decades, due to urban development, Nashville has developed an [[urban heat island]] (UHI); especially on cool, clear nights, temperatures are up to 10 degrees warmer in the heart of the city than in rural outlying areas.
 
Nashville'sMusim longsemi springsdan andmusim autumnsgugur combinedyang withpanjang adi diverseNashville arrayberpadu ofdengan treesderetan andaneka grassespepohonan candan oftenrerumputan makesering itkali uncomfortabledapat formembuatnya menjadi kurang nyaman bagi penderita [[allergyalergi]] sufferers.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://tennessean.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20070321/FEATURES04/703210425/1082/NEWS07 |title=Nashville's an allergy leader, but it's not alone |work=The Tennessean |first=Joy |last=Buchanan |date=2007-03-21 |accessdate=2007-03-21}}{{Pranala mati|date=Maret 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> InPada 2008, Nashville wasmenduduki rankedperingkat as18 theterburut 18th-worstkota springalergi allergymusim citysemi indi theAmerika U.S.Serikat bymenurut theYayasan [[AsthmaAsma anddan AllergyAlergi Foundation of America]]Amerika.<ref name="allergy08">{{cite web |url=http://aafa.org/pdfs/FINAL%20public%20LIST%20Spr2008.pdf |format=PDF |title=Spring Allergy Capitals 2008 |work=AAFA.org |accessdate=2008-04-29 |archive-date=2008-05-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080528122240/http://aafa.org/pdfs/FINAL%20public%20LIST%20Spr2008.pdf |dead-url=yes }}</ref>
{{Clear}}
 
{{Kotak cuaca Nashville, Tennessee}}
{{Infobox Weather
|single_line=Yes
|location=Nashville
|Jan_Hi_°F=45.6
|Feb_Hi_°F=51.4
|Mar_Hi_°F=60.7
|Apr_Hi_°F=69.8
|May_Hi_°F=77.5
|Jun_Hi_°F=85.1
|Jul_Hi_°F=88.7
|Aug_Hi_°F=87.8
|Sep_Hi_°F=81.5
|Oct_Hi_°F=71.1
|Nov_Hi_°F=59.0
|Dec_Hi_°F=49.4
|Year_Hi_°F=69.0
|Jan_Lo_°F=27.9
|Feb_Lo_°F=31.2
|Mar_Lo_°F=39.4
|Apr_Lo_°F=47.1
|May_Lo_°F=56.7
|Jun_Lo_°F=65.0
|Jul_Lo_°F=69.5
|Aug_Lo_°F=68.0
|Sep_Lo_°F=61.0
|Oct_Lo_°F=48.6
|Nov_Lo_°F=39.5
|Dec_Lo_°F=31.5
|Year_Lo_°F=48.8
<!--
|Jan_REC_Hi_°F = 78
|Feb_REC_Hi_°F = 84
|Mar_REC_Hi_°F = 86
|Apr_REC_Hi_°F = 91
|May_REC_Hi_°F = 95
|Jun_REC_Hi_°F = 106
|Jul_REC_Hi_°F = 107
|Aug_REC_Hi_°F = 104
|Sep_REC_Hi_°F = 105
|Oct_REC_Hi_°F = 94
|Nov_REC_Hi_°F = 84
|Dec_REC_Hi_°F = 79
|Year_REC_Hi_°F = 107
|Jan_REC_Lo_°F = -17
|Feb_REC_Lo_°F = -13
|Mar_REC_Lo_°F = 2
|Apr_REC_Lo_°F = 23
|May_REC_Lo_°F = 34
|Jun_REC_Lo_°F = 42
|Jul_REC_Lo_°F = 54
|Aug_REC_Lo_°F = 49
|Sep_REC_Lo_°F = 36
|Oct_REC_Lo_°F = 26
|Nov_REC_Lo_°F = -1
|Dec_REC_Lo_°F = -10
|Year_REC_Lo_°F = -17
-->
|scprecip = green
|Jan_Precip_inch=3.97
|Feb_Precip_inch=3.69
|Mar_Precip_inch=4.87
|Apr_Precip_inch=3.93
|May_Precip_inch=5.07
|Jun_Precip_inch=4.08
|Jul_Precip_inch=3.77
|Aug_Precip_inch=3.28
|Sep_Precip_inch=3.59
|Oct_Precip_inch=2.87
|Nov_Precip_inch=4.45
|Dec_Precip_inch=4.54
|Year_Precip_inch=48.11
|Jan_Snow_inch = 3.9
|Feb_Snow_inch = 3.4
|Mar_Snow_inch = 1.1
|Apr_Snow_inch = 0
|May_Snow_inch = 0
|Jun_Snow_inch = 0
|Jul_Snow_inch = 0
|Aug_Snow_inch = 0
|Sep_Snow_inch = 0
|Oct_Snow_inch = 0
|Nov_Snow_inch = 0.1
|Dec_Snow_inch = 0.5
|Year_Snow_inch = 9.1
|Jan_Sun=139.5
|Feb_Sun=146.9
|Mar_Sun=192.2
|Apr_Sun=231.0
|May_Sun=260.4
|Jun_Sun=279.0
|Jul_Sun=279.0
|Aug_Sun=263.5
|Sep_Sun=225.0
|Oct_Sun=217.0
|Nov_Sun=147.0
|Dec_Sun=130.2
|Year_Sun=2510.7
|Unit_Precip_days = 0.01 in
|Unit_Snow_days = 0.1 in
|Jan_Snow_days = 2.6 |Jan_Precip_days = 11.1
|Feb_Snow_days = 2.4 |Feb_Precip_days = 10.1
|Mar_Snow_days = 0.8 |Mar_Precip_days = 12.1
|Apr_Snow_days = 0 |Apr_Precip_days = 10.7
|May_Snow_days = 0 |May_Precip_days = 11.3
|Jun_Snow_days = 0 |Jun_Precip_days = 9.7
|Jul_Snow_days = 0 |Jul_Precip_days = 10.0
|Aug_Snow_days = 0 |Aug_Precip_days = 8.4
|Sep_Snow_days = 0 |Sep_Precip_days = 8.3
|Oct_Snow_days = 0 |Oct_Precip_days = 7.4
|Nov_Snow_days = 0.2 |Nov_Precip_days = 10.1
|Dec_Snow_days = 1.0 |Dec_Precip_days = 11.0
|source = NOAA<ref name=NCDC>{{cite web |url=http://cdo.ncdc.noaa.gov/climatenormals/clim20/tn/406402.pdf |title=Climatography of the United States, No. 20, 1971-2000: Nashville Int'l AP, TN |work=NOAA.gov |accessdate=2010-04-27}}</ref>
|accessdate = 2010-04-27
|source2 = Hong Kong Observatory (sun only)<ref name="HKO">{{cite web |url=http://www.hko.gov.hk/wxinfo/climat/world/eng/n_america/us/nashville_e.htm |title=Climatological Information for Nashville, United States |work=HKO.gov.hk |publisher=Hong Kong Observatory |accessdate=2010-05-13}}</ref>
|accessdate2 = 2010-05-13
}}
-->
 
== Pemandangan kota ==
<!--
[[File:Nashville Downtown.JPG|thumb|Downtown Nashville]]
{{See also|List of tallest buildings in Nashville}}
The downtown area of Nashville features a diverse assortment of entertainment, dining, cultural and architectural attractions. The Broadway and 2nd Avenue areas feature entertainment venues, night clubs and an assortment of restaurants. North of Broadway lies Nashville's [[central business district]], Legislative Plaza, Capitol Hill and the [[Bicentennial Mall State Park|Tennessee Bicentennial Mall]]. Cultural and architectural attractions can be found throughout the city.
 
The downtown area of Nashville is easily accessible. Three major interstate highways (I-40, I-65 and I-24) converge near the core area of downtown, and many regional cities are within a day's driving distance.
 
Nashville's first skyscraper, the [[Life & Casualty Tower]], was completed in 1957 and started the construction of high rises in downtown Nashville. After the construction of the [[AT&T Building (Nashville)|AT&T Building]] in 1994, the downtown area saw little construction until the mid-2000s. Many new residential developments have been constructed or are planned for the various neighborhoods of downtown and midtown. A new high rise office building, [[The Pinnacle at Symphony Place|The Pinnacle]], was recently opened in 2010.<ref>{{cite news|title=Gallery: Grand opening for Pinnacle tower|work=Nashville Business Journal|date=February 11, 2010|url=http://nashville.bizjournals.com/nashville/stories/2010/02/08/daily23.html|accessdate=2010-02-17}}</ref>
 
Many civic and infrastructure projects are either being planned, in progress, or recently completed. A new MTA bus hub was recently completed in downtown Nashville, as was the [[Music City Star]] pilot project. Several public parks have been constructed, such as the Public Square. Riverfront Park is scheduled to be extensively updated. The [[Music City Center]], a convention center project, has been approved for the downtown area and is currently under construction.
-->
 
=== Taman ===
<!--
[[Image:Parthenon.at.Nashville.Tenenssee.01.jpg|thumb|250px|[[Parthenon (Nashville)|The Parthenon]] in Nashville's [[Centennial Park (Nashville)|Centennial Park]] is a full-scale reconstruction of the original Greek [[Parthenon]].]]
Metro Board of Parks and Recreation owns and manages 10,200 acres (4,120 ha) of land and 99 parks and greenways (comprising more than 3% of the total area of the county).
 
[[Warner Parks]], situated on 2,684 acres (1,086 ha) of land, consist of a 5,000 square-foot (460 m²) learning center, 20 miles (30&nbsp;km) of scenic roads, 12 miles (19&nbsp;km) of hiking trails, and 10 miles (16&nbsp;km) of horse trails. It is also the home of the annual [[Iroquois (horse)|Iroquois]] [[Steeplechase]].
 
The [[U.S. Army Corps of Engineers]] maintains parks on [[Old Hickory Lake]] and [[Percy Priest Lake]]. These parks are used for multiple activities including [[fishing]], [[water-skiing]], [[sailing]] and [[boating]]. Percy Priest Lake is also home to the [[Vanderbilt Sailing Club]].
 
Other notable parks in Nashville include [[Centennial Park (Nashville)|Centennial Park]], [[Shelby Park (Nashville)|Shelby Park]], and [[Radnor Lake State Natural Area]].
-->
 
=== Kawasan metropolitan ===
<!--
{{Main|Nashville metropolitan area}}
Nashville has the largest [[metropolitan area]] in the state of Tennessee, spanning several counties. The Nashville Metropolitan Statistical Area encompasses the [[Middle Tennessee]] counties of [[Cannon County, Tennessee|Cannon]], [[Cheatham County, Tennessee|Cheatham]], [[Davidson County, Tennessee|Davidson]], [[Dickson County, Tennessee|Dickson]], [[Hickman County, Tennessee|Hickman]], [[Macon County, Tennessee|Macon]], [[Robertson County, Tennessee|Robertson]], [[Rutherford County, Tennessee|Rutherford]], [[Smith County, Tennessee|Smith]], [[Sumner County, Tennessee|Sumner]], [[Trousdale County, Tennessee|Trousdale]], [[Williamson County, Tennessee|Williamson]], and [[Wilson County, Tennessee|Wilson]].<ref>[http://www.census.gov/population/estimates/metro-city/List4.txt U.S. Census Bureau: Metropolitan Statistical Areas and Components, November 2004]</ref> The 2009 population of the Nashville-Davidson-Murfreesboro-Columbia [[combined statistical area]] was estimated at 1,666,566.
-->
 
== Budaya ==
<!--
Much of the city's cultural life has revolved around its large university community. Particularly significant in this respect were two groups of critics and writers who were associated with [[Vanderbilt University]] in the early twentieth century: the [[Fugitives (poets)|Fugitives]] and the [[Southern Agrarians|Agrarians]].
 
Popular destinations include [[Fort Nashborough]] and [[Fort Negley]], the former being a reconstruction of the original settlement, the latter being a semi-restored Civil War battle fort; the [[Tennessee State Museum]]; and [[Parthenon (Nashville)|The Parthenon]], a full-scale replica of the original [[Parthenon]] in [[Athens]]. The [[Tennessee State Capitol]] is one of the oldest working state capitol buildings in the nation, while [[The Hermitage (Nashville, Tennessee)|The Hermitage]] is one of the older presidential homes open to the public.
-->
 
=== Hiburan dan pertunjukan seni ===
<!--
[[Image:Rymanauditorium1.jpg|left|thumb|200px|[[Ryman Auditorium]], the "Mother Church of Country Music"]]
Nashville has a vibrant music and entertainment scene spanning a variety of genres. The [[Tennessee Performing Arts Center]] is the major performing arts center of the city. It is the home of the Tennessee Repertory Theatre, the [[Nashville Opera]], and [[Nashville Ballet]]. In September 2006, the [[Schermerhorn Symphony Center]] opened as the home of the [[Nashville Symphony Orchestra]].
 
As the city's name itself is a [[metonym]] for the country music industry, many popular tourist sites involve [[country music]], including the [[Country Music Hall of Fame and Museum]], [[Belcourt Theatre]], and [[Ryman Auditorium]]. Ryman was home to the ''[[Grand Ole Opry]]'' until 1974 when the show moved to the Grand Ole Opry House nine miles (14&nbsp;km) east of downtown. The ''Opry'' plays there several times a week, except for an annual winter run at the Ryman.
 
Numerous music clubs and [[honky tonk]] bars can be found in downtown Nashville, especially the area encompassing [[Lower Broadway]], Second Avenue, and [[Printer's Alley]], which is often referred to as "the District".<ref>{{cite book|title=Frommer's Nashville & Memphis|first=Linda|last=Romine|year=2006|edition=7th|pages=117–120}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Insiders' Guide to Nashville|first1=Cindy Stooksbury|last1=Guier|first2=Jackie Sheckler|last2=Finch|year=2007|edition=6th|pages=118–129}}</ref>
 
Each year, the [[CMA Music Festival]] (formerly known as Fan Fair) brings thousands of country fans to the city.
 
Nashville was once home of television shows such as ''[[Hee Haw]]'' and ''[[Pop! Goes the Country]]'', and to the [[Opryland USA|Opryland USA theme park]], which operated from 1972 to 1997 before being closed by its owners [[Gaylord Entertainment]], and soon after demolished to make room for the [[Opry Mills]] mega-[[shopping mall]].
 
The [[Contemporary Christian Music|Christian pop and rock music]] industry is based along Nashville's [[Music Row]], with a great influence in neighboring [[Williamson County, Tennessee|Williamson County]]. The Christian record companies include [[EMI Christian Music Group]], [[Provident Label Group]] and [[Word Records]].
 
[[Image:Kirk Whelan.jpg|right|thumb|200px|[[Kirk Whalum]] visiting the audience at a riverfront concert in 2007]]
Although Nashville was never known as a jazz town, it did have many great jazz bands including The Nashville Jazz Machine led by Dave Converse and its current version, the Nashville Jazz Orchestra, led by Jim Williamson, as well as The Establishment, led by Billy Adair. The Francis Craig Orchestra entertained Nashvillians from 1929 to 1945 from the Oak Bar and Grille Room in the Hermitage Hotel. Craig's orchestra was also the first to broadcast over local radio station WSM-AM and enjoyed phenomenal success with a 12-year show on the [[NBC Red Network|NBC Radio]] Network. In the late 1930s, he introduced a newcomer, [[Dinah Shore]], a local graduate of Hume Fogg High School and Vanderbilt University.
 
Radio station [[WMOT|WMOT-FM]] in nearby [[Murfreesboro, Tennessee|Murfreesboro]] has aided significantly in the recent revival of the city's jazz scene, as has the non-profit [http://www.nashvillejazz.org/ Nashville Jazz Workshop], which holds concerts and classes in a renovated building in the north Nashville neighborhood of Germantown. [[Fisk University]] also maintains a jazz station.
-->
 
=== Pariwisata ===
<!--
Civil War history is important to the city's tourism industry. Sites pertaining to the [[Battle of Nashville]] and the nearby [[Battle of Franklin]] and [[Battle of Stones River]] can be seen, along with several well-preserved antebellum plantation houses such as Belle Meade Plantation, Carnton plantation in Franklin, and Belmont Mansion.<ref>Davidson, Carla. "[http://americanheritage.com/articles/magazine/ah/2005/6/2005_6_31.shtml Singing City]" ''American Heritage'', November/December 2005.</ref>
 
Nashville has several arts centers and museums, including the [[Frist Center for the Visual Arts]], [[Cheekwood Botanical Garden and Museum of Art]], the [[Tennessee State Museum]], Fisk University's Van Vechten and Aaron Douglas Galleries, Vanderbilt University's Fine Art Gallery and Sarratt Gallery, and the Parthenon. The [[Nashville Zoo at Grassmere|Nashville Zoo]] is one of the city's newer attractions.
-->
 
==== Peristiwa tahunan ====
<!--
{| class="wikitable" width=100%
! style="background:LightSteelBlue; color:black;"|Event
! style="background:LightSteelBlue; color:black;"|Month Held and Location
|-
|[[Nashville Film Festival]]
|Takes place each year for a week in April. It features hundreds of independent films and is one of the biggest film festivals in the Southern United States.
|-
|[[Country Music Marathon]]
|Marathon and half marathon which normally include over 25,000 runners from around the world in April.
|-
|Iroquois Steeplechase
|Annual [[steeplechase]] horse racing event which takes place in May at [[Percy Warner Park]].
|-
|[[CMA Music Festival]]
|A four day event in June featuring performances by country music stars, autograph signings, artist/fan interaction, and other activities for country music fans.
|-
|[[Fourth of July]]
|Celebration which takes place each year at Riverfront Park.
|-
|Tomato Art Festival
|Takes place in East Nashville every August.
|-
|African Street Festival
|Takes place on the campus of Tennessee State University in September.
|-
|Tennessee State Fair
|In September at the State Fairgrounds. The State Fair lasts nine days and includes rides, exhibits, [[rodeo]]s, [[tractor pulling|tractor pulls]], and numerous other shows and attractions.
|-
|[[Country Music Association Awards]]
|Usually held in November, typically at the Grand Ole Opry (with recent exceptions), and televised nationally to millions of viewers.
|}
-->
 
=== Olah raga ===
<!--
[[File:LP Field 2009 crop.jpg|thumb|right|[[LP Field]]]]
Nashville has many professional [[sports]] teams, most notably the Nashville Predators of the National Hockey League and the Tennessee Titans of the National Football League. Several other pro sports teams also call Nashville home, as does the [[National Collegiate Athletic Association|NCAA]] [[college football]] [[Music City Bowl]]. The Vanderbilt Commodores are members of the [[Southeastern Conference]]. The football team of [[Tennessee State University]] plays its home games at LP Field.
{| class="wikitable"
|- bgcolor="#CCCCCC"
! Club !! Sport !! League !! Venue
|-
| [[Tennessee Titans]]
| [[American football|Football]]
| [[National Football League]]
| [[LP Field]]
|-
| [[Nashville Predators]]
| [[Ice hockey|Hockey]]
| [[National Hockey League]]
| [[Bridgestone Arena]]
|-
| [[Nashville Sounds]]
| [[Baseball]]
| [[Minor League Baseball]]: [[Pacific Coast League]]
| [[Herschel Greer Stadium]]
|-
| [[Music City Stars]]
| [[Basketball]]
| [[American Basketball Association (2000–)|American Basketball Association]]
| [[Nashville Municipal Auditorium]]
|-
| [[Nashville Metros]]
| [[Soccer]]
| [[USL Premier Development League|Premier Development League]]
| [[Ezell Park]]
|}
 
Sports venues in Nashville are:
*[[LP Field]]
*[[Bridgestone Arena]]
*[[Nashville Municipal Auditorium]]
*[[Herschel Greer Stadium]]
*[[Ezell Park]]
*[[Vanderbilt Stadium|Vanderbilt Stadium at Dudley Field]] at Vanderbilt University
*[[Memorial Gymnasium (Vanderbilt University)|Memorial Gymnasium]] at Vanderbilt University
*[[Hawkins Field]] at Vanderbilt University
*[[Curb Event Center]] at Belmont University
*[[Gentry Center]] at Tennessee State University
*[[Allen Arena]] at Lipscomb University
*[[Music City Motorplex]] at state fairgrounds
-->
 
=== Media ===
<!--
{{Main|Media in Nashville, Tennessee}}
[[File:Tennessean office.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Offices for ''[[The Tennessean]]'']]
The daily newspaper in Nashville is ''[[The Tennessean]]'', which, until 1998, competed fiercely with the ''[[Nashville Banner]]'', another daily paper that was housed in the same building under a joint-operating agreement. ''The Tennessean'' is the cities' most widely circulated newspaper, while a smaller free daily called ''[[The City Paper]]'' shares the Nashville market. Online news service ''[[NashvillePost.com]]'' competes with the printed dailies to break local and state news. Several weekly papers are also published in Nashville, including ''[[The Nashville Pride]]'', ''[[Nashville Business Journal]]'', ''[[Nashville Scene]]'' and ''[[The Tennessee Tribune]]''. Historically, ''The Tennessean'' was associated with a broadly liberal editorial policy, while ''The Banner'' carried staunchly conservative views in its editorial pages; ''The Banner''{{'}}s heritage is carried on these days by ''The City Paper''. The ''Nashville Scene'' is the area's [[alternative weekly]] broadsheet. ''The Nashville Pride'' is aimed towards community development and serves Nashville's entrepreneurial population.
 
Nashville is home to nearly a dozen broadcast television stations, although most households are served by direct [[Cable television|cable]] network connections. [[Comcast|Comcast Cable]] has a monopoly on terrestrial cable service in Davidson County (but not throughout the entire [[media market]]). Nashville is ranked as the 29th largest television market in the United States.<ref>[http://www.tvb.org/rcentral/markettrack/us_hh_by_dma.asp DMA Rankings - US TV Households by Market]</ref>
 
Nashville is also home to cable networks [[Country Music Television]] (CMT), [[Great American Country]] (GAC), and [[RFD-TV]], among others. CMT's [[Master Control]] facilities are located in [[New York City]] with the other [[Viacom]] properties. The Top 20 Countdown and CMT Insider are taped in their Nashville studios. Nashville is also the home and namesake of the [[NBC]] country music singing competition ''[[Nashville Star]]'', which broadcasts from the [[Gaylord Opryland Resort & Convention Center|Opryland complex]]. [[Shop at Home Network]] was once based in Nashville, but the channel signed off in 2006.
 
Several dozen [[Frequency modulation|FM]] and [[Amplitude modulation|AM]] radio stations broadcast in the Nashville area, including five [[Campus radio|college stations]] and one [[Low-power broadcasting|LPFM]] [[Community radio|community station]]. Nashville is ranked as the 44th largest radio market in the United States. Nashville is home to WSM which originally stood for "We Shield Millions". [[WSM-FM]] is owned by Cumulus Media and is 95.5 FM the Wolf. [[WSM-AM]], owned by Gaylord Entertainment Company, can be heard nationally on 650 AM or online at [http://www.wsmonline.com WSM Online] from its studios located inside the [[Gaylord Opryland Resort & Convention Center]]. [[WLAC]] is a [[Clear Channel Communications|Clear Channel]]-owned talk station which was originally sponsored by the [[Life and Casualty Insurance Company of Tennessee]], and its competitor [[WWTN]] is owned by [[Cumulus Media|Cumulus]].
 
Nashville has a small but growing film industry.{{Citation needed|date=August 2009}} Several major motion pictures have been filmed in Nashville, including ''[[The Green Mile (film)|The Green Mile]]'', ''[[The Last Castle]]'', ''[[Gummo]]'', ''[[The Thing Called Love]]'', ''[[Two Weeks]]'', ''[[Coal Miner's Daughter]]'', and [[Robert Altman]]'s ''[[Nashville (film)|Nashville]]''.<ref>[http://www.imdb.com/List?endings=on&&locations=Centennial%20Park,%20Nashville,%20Tennessee,%20USA&&heading=18;with+locations+including;Centennial%20Park,%20Nashville,%20Tennessee,%20USA IMDb.com]</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Frommer's Nashville & Memphis|first=Linda|last=Romine|year=2006|edition=7th|pages=32}}</ref>
<!--
 
== Ekonomi ==
<!--
{{See also|List of companies based in Nashville}}
As the "home of country music", Nashville has become a major music recording and production center. All of the [[World music market|Big Four record labels]], as well as numerous independent labels, have offices in Nashville, mostly in the [[Music Row]] area.<ref>[http://www.clubnashville.com/labels.htm List of Nashville-based labels] at clubnashville.com. Retrieved March 10, 2006.</ref> Since the 1960s, Nashville has been the second biggest music production center (after [[New York City|New York]]) in the U.S.<ref>{{cite news|first= |last= |pages= |title=Hoedown on a Harpsichord|date=November 14, 1960|publisher=TIME Magazine|url=http://time-proxy.yaga.com/time/archive/preview/0,10987,711961,00.html}}</ref> As of 2006, Nashville's music industry is estimated to have a total economic impact of $6.4 billion per year and to contribute 19,000 jobs to the Nashville area.<ref>{{cite news|first= |last= |pages= |title=Nashville's Music Industry Worth $6.38 Billion|date=January 11, 2006|publisher=MusicDish|url=http://www.musicdish.com/mag/?id=10794}}</ref>
 
Although Nashville is renowned as a music recording center and tourist destination, its largest [[industry]] is actually health care. Nashville is home to more than 250 health care companies, including [[Hospital Corporation of America]], the largest private operator of hospitals in the world. As of 2006, it is estimated that the health care industry contributes $18.3 billion per year and 94,000 jobs to the Nashville-area economy.<ref>{{cite news|first=Todd |last=Pack |pages= |title=Health care worth $18B here |date=February 15, 2006|publisher=The Tennessean|url=http://www.tennessean.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=2006602150432}}</ref> The automotive industry is also becoming increasingly important for the entire Middle Tennessee region. [[Nissan Motors|Nissan North America]] moved its corporate headquarters in 2006 from [[Gardena, California]] ([[Los Angeles County]]) to [[Franklin, Tennessee|Franklin]]. Nissan also has its largest North American manufacturing plant in [[Smyrna, Tennessee]]. Largely as a result of the increased development of Nissan and other Japanese economic interests in the region, Japan moved its [[New Orleans]] Consulate-general to Nashville's [[Palmer Plaza]].
 
Other major industries in Nashville include [[insurance]], [[finance]], and [[publishing]] (especially [[religious]] publishing). The city hosts headquarters operations for several [[Protestant]] denominations, including the [[United Methodist Church]], [[Southern Baptist Convention]], [[National Baptist Convention, USA, Inc.|National Baptist Convention, USA]], and the National Association of Free Will Baptists.
 
[[Fortune 500]] companies within Nashville include [[Dell]],<ref>{{cite press release |url=http://www.dell.com/content/topics/global.aspx/corp/pressoffice/en/2006/2006_06_02_nv_000?c=us&cs=19&l=en&s=dhs |title=Dell to Expand Nashville Operations; Increase Area Workforce By Up to 1,000 Employees |publisher=Dell.com |date=June 2, 2006 |accessdate=2008-12-16}}</ref> [[HCA Inc.]] (formerly, Hospital Corporation of America) and [[Dollar General Corporation]] (in [[Goodlettsville, Tennessee|Goodlettsville]]).
-->
 
== Demografi ==
<!--
{{See also|List of people from Nashville, Tennessee}}
 
{{USCensusPop
|1830= 5566
|1840= 6929
|1850= 10165
|1860= 16988
|1870= 25865
|1880= 43350
|1890= 76168
|1900= 80865
|1910= 110364
|1920= 118342
|1930= 153866
|1940= 167402
|1950= 174307
|1960= 170874
|1970= 448003
|1980= 455651
|1990= 488374
|2000= 545524
|2008= 596462
|footnote=Source: U.S. Census<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0027.html |title=U.S. Census Bureau: Population of the 100 Largest Cities and Other Urban Places In The U.S.: 1790 to 1990 |work=Census.gov |first=Campbell |last=Gibson |date=June 1998 |accessdate=December 22, 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/SAFFPopulation?_event=Search&_state=04000US47&_cityTown=Nashville |title=Population Finder: Nashville-Davidson (balance), Tennessee |work=Census.gov |year=2009 |accessdate=December 22, 2009}}</ref>
}}
 
According to the 2006-2008 [[American Community Survey]], the racial composition of Nashville-Davidson County was as follows:<ref>http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/ADPTable?_bm=y&-geo_id=05000US47037&-qr_name=ACS_2008_3YR_G00_DP3YR5&-context=adp&-ds_name=ACS_2008_3YR_G00_&-_lang=en&-redoLog=false</ref>
 
* [[White American|White]]: 65.9% ([[Non-Hispanic Whites]]: 60.9%)
* [[African American|Black or African American]]: 27.1%
* [[Native Americans in the United States|Native American]]: 0.4%
* [[Asian American|Asian]]: 3.1%
* [[Pacific Islander American|Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander]]: 0.1%
* Some other race: 2.3%
* [[Multiracial American|Two or more races]]: 1.2%
* [[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Hispanic or Latino]] (of any race): 7.5%
 
The data below is for all of Metropolitan Nashville-Davidson County, including other incorporated cities within the [[consolidated city-county]] (such as [[Belle Meade, Tennessee|Belle Meade]] and [[Berry Hill, Tennessee|Berry Hill]]). See [[Nashville-Davidson (balance), Tennessee|Nashville-Davidson (balance)]] for demographic data on Nashville-Davidson County excluding separately incorporated cities.
 
[[Image:Nashville Population Density 2000.png|200px|left|thumb|Population density map per 2000 census]]
As of the [[United States 2000 Census|census of 2000]], there were 569,891 people, 237,405 households, and 138,169 families residing in the city. The [[population density]] was 1,134.6 people per square mile (438.1/km²). There were 252,977 housing units at an average density of 503.7/sq&nbsp;mi (194.5/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 66.99% [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 25.92% [[African American (U.S. Census)|African American]], 0.29% [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 2.33% [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 0.07% [[Pacific Islander (U.S. Census)|Pacific Islander]], 2.42% from [[Race (United States Census)|other races]] and 1.97% from two or more races. [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] of any race were 4.58% of the population. Metropolitan Nashville-Davidson County's estimated population for 2007 is 626,144 people.<ref name="census2"/>
 
There were 237,405 households out of which 26.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 39.9% were [[Marriage|married couples]] living together, 14.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 41.8% were non-families. 33.4% of all households were made up of individuals and 8.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.30 and the average family size was 2.96.
 
In the city the population was spread out with 22.2% under the age of 18, 11.6% from 18 to 24, 34.0% from 25 to 44, 21.1% from 45 to 64, and 11.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females there were 93.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 90.8 males.
 
The median income for a household in the city was $39,797, and the median income for a family was $49,317. Males had a median income of $33,844 versus $27,770 for females. The [[per capita income]] for the city was $23,069. About 10.0% of families and 13.0% of the population were below the [[poverty line]], including 19.1% of those under age 18 and 10.5% of those age 65 or over.
 
Because of its relatively low cost of living and large job market, Nashville has become a popular city for [[Immigration to the United States|immigrants]].<ref name="refugees">{{cite news |first=Rachel |last=Swarns |title=U.S. a Place of Miracles for Somali Refugees |date=July 20, 2003 |work=The New York Times |url=http://www.nytimes.com/2003/07/20/national/20REFU.html?ei=5007&en=913fc8336985e647&ex=1374033600}}</ref> Nashville's foreign-born population more than tripled in size between 1990 and 2000, increasing from 12,662 to 39,596. Large groups of [[Mexican American|Mexicans]], [[Kurdish American|Kurds]],<ref>[http://www.wsmv.com/news/18664025/detail.html#- Nashville Refugee Population Grows], wsmv.com, February 7, 2009</ref> [[Vietnamese American|Vietnamese]], [[Lao American|Laotians]], [[Cambodians]], [[Arab American|Arabs]], and [[Somali Bantu|Bantus]] call Nashville home, among other groups.<ref>Cornfield, Daniel B. ''[ftp://ftp.nashville.gov/web/finance/immigrant-community-assessment-nashville.pdf Final Report of the Immigrant Community Assessment]''. August 15, 2003.</ref> Nashville has the largest [[Kurdish people|Kurdish]] community in the United States, numbering approximately 11,000.<ref name="kurdish1">{{cite news|first=Larry|last=Copeland|title=Who's the biggest fish in the South?|date=June 15, 2006|work=USA Today|url=http://www.usatoday.com/news/nation/2006-06-15-south-big-fish_x.htm}}</ref> About 60,000 [[Bhutan]]ese refugees are being admitted to the U.S. and some of them will resettle in Nashville.<ref>[http://www.tennessean.com/article/20090101/NEWS01/901010349/1001/RSS6001 Newest refugees hail from Bhutan], By Chris Echegaray, The Tennessean, January 1, 2009</ref> During the [[Iraqi legislative election, January 2005|Iraqi election of 2005]], Nashville was one of the few international locations where Iraqi expatriates could vote.<ref name="kurdish2">{{cite news|first=Leon|last=Alligood|title=Local Iraqis ready to vote but worried about process|date=January 11, 2005|work=The Tennessean|url=http://www.tennessean.com/government/archives/05/01/63956949.shtml?Element_ID=63956949}}</ref> The [[American Jew]]ish community in Nashville dates back over 150 years,<ref>[http://www.jewishnashville.org/page.aspx?id=75712 A Brief History of the Nashville Jewish Community], Jewish Federation of Nashville and Middle Tennessee</ref> and numbers about 6,500 (2001).
-->
 
== Hukum dan pemerintahan ==
<!--
{{See also|List of mayors of Nashville, Tennessee|Metropolitan Council (Nashville)}}
[[Image:Tennessee State Capitol 2009.jpg|thumb|right|The [[Tennessee State Capitol|State Capitol]] in Nashville]]
The City of Nashville and Davidson County merged in 1963 as a way for Nashville to combat the problems of [[urban sprawl]]. The combined entity is officially known as "the Metropolitan Government of Nashville and Davidson County", and is popularly known as "Metro Nashville" or simply "Metro". It offers services such as [[Metropolitan Nashville Police Department|police]], [[Nashville Fire Department|fire]], [[Nashville Electric Service|electricity]], [[Metro Water Services|water and sewage treatment]]. When the Metro government was formed in 1963, the government was split into two service districts—the "urban services district" and the "general services district." The urban services district encompasses the 1963 boundaries of the former City of Nashville, and the general services district includes the remainder of Davidson County. There are seven smaller municipalities within the consolidated city-county: [[Belle Meade, Tennessee|Belle Meade]], [[Berry Hill, Tennessee|Berry Hill]], [[Forest Hills, Tennessee|Forest Hills]], [[Lakewood, Tennessee|Lakewood]], [[Oak Hill, Tennessee|Oak Hill]], [[Goodlettsville, Tennessee|Goodlettsville]] (partially), and [[Ridgetop, Tennessee|Ridgetop]] (partially). These municipalities use a two-tier system of government, with the smaller municipality typically providing police services and the Metro Nashville government providing most other services. In 2010, Lakewood voters passed a referendum (by one vote) to dissolve its city charter and join the metropolitan government<ref>http://www.wsmv.com/news/24539792/detail.html</ref>.
 
Nashville is governed by a mayor, vice-mayor, and 40-member Metropolitan Council. It uses the strong-mayor form of the [[mayor-council government|mayor-council system]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Rein of Council redefines mayoral relationship|work=City Paper|url=http://www.nashvillecitypaper.com/news.php?viewStory=32177|date=April 9, 2004|accessdate=2008-08-04|quote=Traditionally Nashville has had a strong mayor/weak council system of government.}}</ref> The current mayor of Nashville is [[Karl Dean]]. The Metropolitan Council is the legislative body of government for Nashville and Davidson County. There are 5 council members who are elected at large and 35 council members that represent individual districts. The Metro Council has regular meetings that are presided over by the vice-mayor, who is currently [[Diane Neighbors]]. The Metro Council meets on the first and third Tuesday of each month at 6:00 p.m., according to the Metropolitan Charter.
-->
 
=== Politik ===
<!--
Nashville has been a [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] stronghold since at least the end of [[Reconstruction era of the United States|Reconstruction]]. While local elections are officially nonpartisan, nearly all of the city's elected officials are known to be Democrats. At the state level, Democrats hold all but one of the city's state house districts and all but one of the city's state senate districts.
 
Democrats are no less dominant at the federal level. Over the past 100 years, Democratic presidential candidates have carried Nashville/Davidson County in 4 out of 5 elections. Normally, Democrats carry Nashville at the presidential level with relatively little difficulty. In the 2000 presidential election, [[Al Gore]] carried Nashville with over 59% of the vote even as he narrowly lost his home state. In the 2004 election, [[John Kerry]] carried Nashville with 55% of the vote even as [[George W. Bush]] won the state by 14 points. In 2008, [[Barack Obama]] carried Nashville with 60 percent of the vote even as [[John McCain]] won Tennessee by 15 points.
 
At the federal level, Nashville is split between two [[congressional district]]s. Nearly all of the city is in the [[Tennessee's 5th congressional district|5th District]], currently represented by Democrat [[Jim Cooper]]. A Republican has not represented a significant portion of Nashville since 1874. While Republicans made a few spirited challenges in the mid-1960s and early 1970s, they have not made a serious bid for the district since 1972, when the Republican candidate gained only 38% of the vote even as Nixon carried the district in the presidential election by a large margin. The district's best-known congressman was probably [[Jo Byrns]], who represented the district from 1909 to 1936 and was [[Speaker of the United States House of Representatives|Speaker of the House]] for much of [[Franklin Roosevelt]]'s first term as President. Another nationally prominent congressman from Nashville was [[Percy Priest]], who represented the district from 1941 to 1956 and was [[House Majority Whip]] from 1949 to 1953. Former mayors [[Richard Fulton]] and [[Bill Boner]] also sat in the U.S. House before assuming the Metro mayoral office.
 
All of Nashville was located in a single district for most of the time from Reconstruction until the 2000 Census, when a small portion of southwestern Nashville was drawn into the heavily Republican [[Tennessee's 7th congressional district|7th District]]. That district is currently represented by [[Marsha Blackburn]] of neighboring Williamson County; Blackburn represented much of the Nashville share of the 7th in the state senate from 1998 to 2002.
-->
 
== Pendidikan ==
 
=== Sekolah negeri ===
<!--
The city is served by the [[Metropolitan Nashville Public Schools]].
-->
 
=== Sekolah swasta ===
<!--
*[[David Lipscomb Campus School]]
*[[Davidson Academy]]
*[[Donelson Christian Academy]]
*[[The Ensworth School|Ensworth School]]
*[[Franklin Road Academy]]
*[[Father Ryan High School|Father Ryan]]
*[[Harpeth Hall School]]
*[[Madison Academy]]
*[[Montgomery Bell Academy]]
*[[Nashville Christian School]]
*[[St. Cecilia Academy (Nashville, Tennessee)|St. Cecilia Academy]]
*[[University School of Nashville]]
-->
 
=== Pendidikan tinggi ===
<!--
[[Image:WTN EVula 100.jpg|thumb|200px|Freeman Hall at [[Belmont University]]]]
Nashville is often labeled the "Athens of the South" due to the many colleges and universities in the city and metropolitan area.<ref>[http://www.vanderbilt.edu/vupress/kreyling.htm Vanderbilt University Press]</ref> The colleges and universities in Nashville include [[American Baptist College]], [[Aquinas College (Tennessee)|Aquinas College]], [[The Art Institute of Tennessee — Nashville]], [[Belmont University]], [[Daymar Institute]], [[Fisk University]], [[Free Will Baptist Bible College]], [[Gupton College]], [[International Academy of Design and Technology]], [[Lipscomb University]], [[Meharry Medical College]], [[Nashville School of Law]], [[Lincoln Group of Schools|Nashville Auto Diesel College]]<ref>http://www.nashvilleautodiesel.net/</ref> (a [[NAFTC]] Training Center), [[Nashville State Community College]], [[Strayer University]], [[Tennessee State University]], [[Trevecca Nazarene University]], [[University of Phoenix]], [[Vanderbilt University]], and [[Watkins College of Art, Design & Film]].
 
Within {{convert|30|mi}} of Nashville in [[Murfreesboro, Tennessee|Murfreesboro]] is [[Middle Tennessee State University]] (MTSU), a full-sized public university with Tennessee's largest undergraduate population. Enrollment in post-secondary education in Nashville is around 43,000. Within the Nashville Metropolitan Statistical Area—which includes MTSU, [[Cumberland University]] ([[Lebanon, Tennessee|Lebanon]]), [[Volunteer State Community College]] ([[Gallatin, Tennessee|Gallatin]]), [[Daymar Institute]], and [[O'More College of Design]] (Franklin)—total enrollment exceeds 74,000. Within a {{convert|40|mi}} radius are [[Austin Peay State University]] ([[Clarksville, Tennessee|Clarksville]]) and [[Columbia State Community College]] ([[Columbia, Tennessee|Columbia]]), enrolling an additional 13,600.
-->
 
== Transportasi ==
<!--
[[Image:Nashville star under bridge.jpg|thumb|right|240px|A [[Music City Star]] commuter train beneath the [[Shelby Street Bridge]]]]
Nashville is centrally located at the crossroads of three [[Interstate Highway]]s: [[Interstate 40|I-40]], [[Interstate 24|I-24]], and [[Interstate 65|I-65]]. [[Interstate 440 (Tennessee)|Interstate 440]] is a bypass route connecting I-40, I-65, and I-24 south of downtown Nashville. [[Tennessee State Route 155|Briley Parkway]] connects the north side of the city and its interstates.
 
The [[Nashville Metropolitan Transit Authority|Metropolitan Transit Authority]] provides bus transit within the city, out of a newly built hub station downtown. Routes utilize a hub and spoke method. Expansion plans include use of [[Bus rapid transit]] for new routes, with the possibility for local rail service at some point in the future.
 
Nashville is considered a gateway city for rail and air traffic for the [[Piedmont Atlantic MegaRegion]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cqgrd.gatech.edu/megaregions/PAM.php|title=Georgia Tech - MegaRegions|accessdate=2009-01-01}}</ref>
 
The city is served by [[Nashville International Airport]], which was a hub for [[American Airlines]] between 1986 and 1995 and is now a mini-hub for [[Southwest Airlines]].
 
Although it is a major rail hub, with a large [[CSX Transportation]] freight rail yard, Nashville is one of the largest cities in the U.S. not served by [[Amtrak]].
 
Nashville launched a passenger commuter rail system called the [[Music City Star]] on September 18, 2006. The only currently operational leg of the system connects the city of Lebanon to downtown Nashville at the [[Nashville Riverfront railroad station|Nashville Riverfront]]. Legs to Murfreesboro and Gallatin are currently in the feasibility study stage. The system plan includes seven legs connecting Nashville to surrounding suburbs.
 
Notable bridges in the city are:
{| class="wikitable"
|- bgcolor="#CCCCCC"
! Official Name !! Other Names !! Length !! Date Opened
|-
| [[Gateway Bridge, Nashville|Gateway Bridge]]
| Korean War Veterans Memorial Bridge
| {{convert|1660|ft}}
| May 19, 2004
|-
| Kelly Miller Smith Bridge
| Jefferson Street Bridge
|
| March 2, 1994
|-
| Old Hickory Bridge
|
|
| 1929
|-
| Martin Luther King Jr. Bridge
| Bordeaux Bridge
|
| September 18, 1980
|-
| [[Shelby Street Bridge]]
| Shelby Avenue Bridge
| {{convert|3150|ft}}
| July 5, 1909
|-
| Silliman Evans Bridge
|
| {{convert|2362|ft}}
| 1963
|-
| Victory Memorial Bridge
|
|
| July 2, 1956
|-
| William Goodwin Bridge
| Hobson Pike Bridge
| {{convert|2215|ft}}
|
|-
| Woodland Street Bridge
|
| {{convert|639|ft}}
|
|}
-->
 
== Julukan ==
Nashville penuh warna, kota yang dikenal baik di beberapa bidang. Misalnya:
<!--
* '''Kota Musik''': sebuah penyiar radio WSM (AM), David Cobb pertama menggunakan nama ini pada tahun 1950 dan mengena. Kini "Kota Musik" menjadi julukan resmi yang digunakan oleh Biro Pengunjung dan Konvensi Nashville. Nashville adalah basis bagi [[Grand Ole Opry]], [[Country Music Hall of Fame]], dan banyak [[perusahaan rekaman]] besar.<ref name="bmimusiccity">{{cite web |url=http://bmi.com/library/brochures/historybook/musiccity.asp |title=Music City, U.S.A. |work=BMI.com |accessdate=2007-08-07 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20010707123558/http://www.bmi.com/library/brochures/historybook/musiccity.asp |archivedate=2001-07-07 |dead-url=yes }}</ref> Nama ini juga merujuk pada tahun 1874, di mana setelah menerima dan mendengarkan sebuah pertunjukan [[Fisk Jubilee Singers]], [[Victoria dari Britania Raya|Ratu Victoria]] dari Inggris dilaporkan mengatakan bahwa "Anak-anak muda ini pastilah berasal dari sebuah kota musik."<ref name="fisk2-1">{{cite journal |url=http://www.fisk.edu/pdfs/fiskmag/Fisk_Mag_March_07.pdf |format=PDF |title=Fisk Jubilee Singers Celebrate 135 Year Tradition with "Walk of Fame" Honors |journal=Fisk |month=March |year=2007 |volume=2 |issue=1 |pages=14 |accessdate=2007-08-07 |archive-date=2007-07-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070710015859/http://www.fisk.edu/pdfs/fiskmag/Fisk_Mag_March_07.pdf |dead-url=yes }}</ref>
Nashville is a colorful, well-known city in several different arenas. As such, it has earned various sobriquets, including:
* '''[[Athena (kota)|Athena]] di Selatan''': Basis bagi 24 lembaga pendidikan tinggi, Nashville telah lama diperbandingkan dengan kota kuno pendidikan, situs [[Sekolah Athena|Akademia]] [[Plato]]. Sejak 1897, sebuah tiruan [[Parthenon]] telah didirikan di Nashville, dan banyak contoh arsitektur klasik dan neoklasik dapat dijumpai di kota ini.<ref>[http://www.vanderbilt.edu/vupress/kreyling.htm Vanderbilt University Press - home]</ref>
* '''Music City, USA''': [[WSM-AM]] announcer David Cobb first used this name during a 1950 broadcast and it stuck. It is now the official nickname used by the Nashville Convention and Visitors Bureau. Nashville is the home of the [[Grand Ole Opry]], the [[Country Music Hall of Fame]], and many major [[record label]]s.<ref name="bmimusiccity">{{cite web |url=http://bmi.com/library/brochures/historybook/musiccity.asp |title=Music City, U.S.A. |work=BMI.com |accessdate=2007-08-07 |archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20010707123558/http://www.bmi.com/library/brochures/historybook/musiccity.asp |archivedate=2001-07-07}}</ref> This name also dates back to 1874, where after receiving and hearing a performance by the [[Fisk Jubilee Singers]], [[Queen Victoria]] of England is reported as saying that "These young people must surely come from a musical city."<ref name="fisk2-1">{{cite journal |url=http://www.fisk.edu/pdfs/fiskmag/Fisk_Mag_March_07.pdf |format=PDF|title=Fisk Jubilee Singers Celebrate 135 Year Tradition with "Walk of Fame" Honors |journal=Fisk |month=March |year=2007 |volume=2 |issue=1 |pages=14 |accessdate=2007-08-07}}</ref>
* '''[[Vatikan]] [[Protestantisme|Protestan]]''' atau '''Pengikat Sabuk Injil''': Nashville memiliki lebih dari 700 gereja,<ref name="nashcity1">{{cite web |url=http://nashcity.com/religious-institutions/christian-churches/index.shtml |title=Nashville Area Churches |work=NashCity.com |accessdate=2008-04-30}}</ref> beberapa seminari, sejumlah kelompok musik Kristen, dan menjadi pusat dari penerbitan Konvensi Baptis Selatan dan [[Gereja Metodis]]. Kota ini juga menjadi pusat bagi [[Konvensi Baptis Nasional, Amerika Serikat]], [[Asosiasi Nasional Baptis Kehendak Bebas]], [[Gideon Internasional]], [[Asosiasi Musik Injili]], dan [[Thomas Nelson (penerbit)|Thomas Nelson]], penerbit [[Injil]] terbesar di dunia.<ref name="road&travel">{{cite web |url=http://www.roadandtravel.com/travel%20directory/Tennessee/nashvillestory.htm |title=Nashville: Sophisticated Southern City with a Country Edge |work=RoadandTravel.com |first=Rachel L |last=Miller |date=2008-04-14 |accessdate=2008-04-30}}</ref>
* '''[[Athens, Greece|Athens]] of the South''': Home to twenty-four post-secondary educational institutions, Nashville has long been compared to the ancient city of learning, site of [[Plato]]'s [[Academy]]. Since 1897, a full-scale [[Parthenon (Nashville)|replica of the Athenian Parthenon]] has stood in Nashville, and many examples of classical and neoclassical architecture can be found in the city.<ref>[http://www.vanderbilt.edu/vupress/kreyling.htm Vanderbilt University Press - home<!--Bot-generated title-->]</ref>
* '''Cashville''': [[Young Buck]] asal Nashville meluncurkan album rap yang sangat sukses ''[[Straight Outta Ca$hville]]'' yang telah memopularkan julukan ini selama satu angkatan.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nashvillescene.com/Stories/News/Love_And_Hate_Mail/2005/09/29/Love_And_Hate_Mail/index.shtml |title=Nashville Scene - Love-Hate Mail |access-date=2010-08-23 |archive-date=2010-01-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100118015808/http://www.nashvillescene.com/Stories/News/Love_And_Hate_Mail/2005/09/29/Love_And_Hate_Mail/index.shtml |dead-url=yes }}</ref>
* '''The [[Protestant]] [[Vatican City|Vatican]]''' or '''The Buckle of the [[Bible Belt]]''': Nashville has over 700 churches,<ref name="nashcity1">{{cite web |url=http://nashcity.com/religious-institutions/christian-churches/index.shtml |title=Nashville Area Churches |work=NashCity.com |accessdate=2008-04-30}}</ref> several seminaries, a number of Christian music companies, and is the headquarters for the publishing arms of both the [[Southern Baptist Convention]] and the [[United Methodist Church]]. It is also the seat of the [[National Baptist Convention, USA]], the [[National Association of Free Will Baptists]], the [[Gideons International]], the [[Gospel Music Association]], and [[Thomas Nelson (publisher)|Thomas Nelson]], the world's largest producer of [[Bible]]s.<ref name="road&travel">{{cite web |url=http://www.roadandtravel.com/travel%20directory/Tennessee/nashvillestory.htm |title=Nashville: Sophisticated Southern City with a Country Edge |work=RoadandTravel.com |first=Rachel L |last=Miller |date=2008-04-14 |accessdate=2008-04-30}}</ref>
* '''Kurdistan Kecil''': Nashville memiliki jumlah [[Orang Kurdi]] terbanyak di Amerika Serikat, diduga sebanyak 11.000 jiwa.<ref name="kurdish1"/><ref name="kurdish2">{{cite news|first=Ian|last=Demsky|coauthors=Oscar Avila|title=Iraqis to cast votes in Nashville|date=December 30, 2004|work=The Tennessean}}</ref>
* '''Cashville''': Nashville native [[Young Buck]] released a very successful rap album called ''[[Straight Outta Ca$hville]]'' that has popularized the nickname among a new generation.<ref>[http://www.nashvillescene.com/Stories/News/Love_And_Hate_Mail/2005/09/29/Love_And_Hate_Mail/index.shtml Nashville Scene - Love-Hate Mail<!--Bot-generated title-->]</ref>
* '''Nash Vegas''' atau '''Nashvegas''' <ref name="nashvegas1">{{cite web|url=http://www.nytimes.com/1997/07/06/travel/true-grits-in-nashville.html?pagewanted=3|title=True Grits in Nashville|author=Eric Asimov|date=1997-07-06|work=New York Times|accessdate=2010-01-22}}</ref>
* '''Little Kurdistan''': Nashville has the United States' largest population of [[Kurdish people]], estimated to be around 11,000.<ref name="kurdish1"/><ref name="kurdish2">{{cite news|first=Ian|last=Demsky|coauthors=Oscar Avila|title=Iraqis to cast votes in Nashville|date=December 30, 2004|work=The Tennessean}}</ref>
*'''Nash Vegas''' or '''Nashvegas''' <ref name="nashvegas1">{{cite web|url=http://www.nytimes.com/1997/07/06/travel/true-grits-in-nashville.html?pagewanted=3|title=True Grits in Nashville|author=Eric Asimov|date=1997-07-06|work=New York Times|accessdate=2010-01-22}}</ref>
-->
 
== Kota persaudaraanCatatan ==
{{notelist}}
<!--
Nashville is an active participant in the [[Sister Cities]] program and has relationships with the following towns:<ref name="sistercities">{{cite web |url=http://www.scnashville.org/cities.html |title=Nashville's Sister Cities |work=SCNashville.org |accessdate=2009-02-26}}</ref>
 
*{{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Belfast]], [[Northern Ireland]] ([[United Kingdom]])
*{{flagicon|France}} [[Caen]] ([[France]])
*{{flagicon|Canada}} [[Edmonton]], [[Alberta]] ([[Canada]])
*{{flagicon|Germany}} [[Magdeburg]] ([[Germany]])
*{{flagicon|Argentina}} [[Mendoza, Argentina|Mendoza]] ([[Argentina]])
*{{flagicon|China}} [[Taiyuan]] ([[People's Republic of China]])
*{{flagicon|Spain}} [[Girona]] ([[Spain]]) currently pending agreement - negotiation started in 2006
-->
 
== Referensi ==
{{Reflist|2colwidth=30em}}
 
== Bacaan lanjutanlebih lanjut ==
* {{Cite book |title=Fortunes, Fiddles, & Fried Chicken: A Nashville Business History |publisher=Hillsboro Press |location=Franklin, TN |first=Bill |last=Carey |year=2000 |isbn=1-57736-178-4}}
<!--
* {{citeCite book |title=Fortunes,Historic Fiddles,Photos & Fried Chicken: Aof Nashville Business History|publisher=Turner |authorlocation=CareyNashville, BillTN |yearfirst=2000Jan |locationlast=Franklin, TennesseeDuke |publisheryear=Hillsboro Press2005 |isbn=978-1-5773659652-178184-41}}
* {{citeCite book |title=Nashville: The FacesOccupied of Two CenturiesCity, 1780-19801862–1863 |authorpublisher=Egerton,[[University Johnof |year=1979Tennessee Press]] |location=NashvilleKnoxville, TennesseeTN |publisherfirst=PlusMediaWalter T |idlast=LCCNDurham 79089173|year=2008 |isbn=1-57233-633-1}}
* {{citeCite book |title=NashvilleReluctant Partners: AnNashville Americanand Self-Portraitthe |author=EgertonUnion, John1863–1865 and|publisher=University E.of ThomasTennessee Wood (eds.) |year=2001Press |location=NashvilleKnoxville, TennesseeTN |publisherfirst=BeatenWalter BiscuitT Press|last=Durham |year=2008 |isbn=01-970670257233-1634-4X}}
* {{Cite book |title=Nashville: The Faces of Two Centuries, 1780–1980 |url=https://archive.org/details/nashvillefacesof0000john |publisher=PlusMedia |location=Nashville, TN |editor1-first=John |editor1-last=Egerton |year=1979 |lccn=79089173 |oclc=5875892|display-editors=etal}}
*{{cite book |title=African-American History of Nashville, Tennessee, 1780-1930: Elites and Dilemmas |author=Lovett, Bobby L. |year=1999 |publisher=[[University of Arkansas Press]] |isbn=1-55728-555-1}}
* {{citeCite book |title=Nashville: &An MemphisAmerican (Moon Handbook)Self-Portrait |authorurl=Potter, Susanna Henighanhttps://archive.org/details/nashvilleamerica0000unse |yearpublisher=2008Beaten Biscuit |location=BerkeleyNashville, CaliforniaTN |publishereditor1-first=AvalonJohn Travel Publications|editor1-last=Egerton |year=2001 |isbn=9780-9706702-1-598804|display-102-6editors=etal}}
* {{citeCite book |title=NashvilleHistoric &Photos Memphisof (FrommerNashville Guide)in |author=Rominethe 50s, Linda60s and 70s |edition=7<sup>th</sup>|yearpublisher=2006Turner |location=HobokenNashville, NewTN Jersey|first=Ashley D |publisherlast=Frommer'sHaugen |year=2009 |isbn=0978-1-47159652-77614539-9}}
* {{Cite book |title=The Nashville Way: Racial Etiquette and the Struggle for Social Justice in a Southern City |url=https://archive.org/details/nashvillewayraci0000hous |publisher=[[University of Georgia Press]] |location=Athens |first=Benjamin |last=Houston |year=2012 |isbn=978-0820343273}}
*{{cite book |title=History of Nashville, Tennessee |author=Wooldridge, John (editor) |year=1890 |location=Nashville, Tennessee |publisher=Publishing House of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South |id=LCCN 76027605}}
* {{citeCite book |title=HiddenAfrican-American History of Nashville, |author=ZeppTennessee, George1780–1930: R.Elites and Dilemmas |yearpublisher=2009[[University of Arkansas Press]] |locationfirst=Charleston,Bobby SouthL Carolina|last=Lovett |publisheryear=History Press1999 |isbn=978-1-5962955728-792555-01}}
* {{Cite book |title=Nashville & Memphis |url=https://archive.org/details/nashvillememphis0000heni |series=Moon Handbooks |publisher=Avalon Travel |location=Berkeley, CA |first=Susanna H |last=Potter |year=2008 |isbn=978-1-59880-102-6}}
-->
* {{Cite book |title=Historic Photos of the Opry: Ryman Auditorium, 1974 |url=https://archive.org/details/historicphotosof0000mcgu |publisher=Turner |location=Nashville, TN |first=Jim |last=McGuire |year=2007 |isbn=978-1-59652-373-9}}
* {{Cite book |title=Nashville & Memphis |url=https://archive.org/details/frommersnashvill0000unse |series=Frommer Guides |publisher=Frommer's |location=Hoboken, NJ |first=Linda |last=Romine |edition=7th |year=2006 |isbn=0-471-77614-9}}
* {{Cite book |title=History of Nashville, Tennessee |publisher=Methodist Episcopal Church, South |location=Nashville, TN |editor1-first=John |editor1-last=Wooldridge |year=1890 |lccn=76027605 |oclc=316211313|display-editors=etal}}
* {{Cite book |title=Hidden History of Nashville |publisher=History Press |location=Charleston, SC |first=George R |last=Zepp |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-59629-792-0}}
* Winders, Jamie. ''Nashville in the New Millennium: Immigrant Settlement, Urban Transformation, and Social Belonging'' (Russell Sage Foundation; 2013) 340 pages; a study of Hispanic immigrants
 
== Pranala luar ==
{{Sister project links|Nashville, Tennessee|voy=Nashville}}
<!--
{{Sister project links|Nashville, Tennessee}}
 
;Pemerintah
;Government
* [http://www.nashville.gov/ Metropolitan Government of Nashville and Davidson County]
 
;Lain-lain
;Other
* [http://www.visitmusiccity.com/ Nashville Convention & Visitors Bureau]
* [http://www.nashvillechamber.com/ Nashville Area Chamber of Commerce]
* [http://freepages.history.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~nashvillearchives/index.html Metropolitan Archives of Nashville and Davidson County]
*[http://www.library.nashville.org/research/res_nash_history_timeline.asp Nashville historical timeline]
* [http://www.library.nashville.org/research/res_nash_history_timeline.asp Nashville/Davidson County timeline] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150615020718/http://www.library.nashville.org/research/res_nash_history_timeline.asp |date=2015-06-15 }} from the [[Nashville Public Library]]
*[http://freepages.history.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~nashvillearchives/index.html Metropolitan Archives of Nashville and Davidson County]
*{{Wikitravel|Nashville}}
 
{{Geographic location
{{Coord|36.165|-86.784|display=title}}
|Centre = Nashville
 
|North = [[Springfield, Tennessee|Springfield]]
{{Geographic Location
|Centre = Nashville
|North = [[Springfield, Tennessee|Springfield]]
|Northeast = [[Hendersonville, Tennessee|Hendersonville]], [[Gallatin, Tennessee|Gallatin]]
|East = [[MountMt. Juliet, Tennessee|MountMt. Juliet]], [[Lebanon, Tennessee|Lebanon]]
|Southeast = [[La Vergne, Tennessee|La Vergne]], [[Smyrna, Tennessee|Smyrna]], [[Murfreesboro, Tennessee|Murfreesboro]]
|South = [[Brentwood, Tennessee|Brentwood]], [[Franklin, Tennessee|Franklin]]
|Southwest = [[Belle Meade, Tennessee|Belle Meade]], [[Bellevue, Tennessee|Bellevue]]
|West = [[Dickson, Tennessee|Dickson]]
|Northwest = [[Clarksville, Tennessee|Clarksville]]
|image =
}}
 
{{Negara bagian Tennessee}}
{{Metro Nashville}}
 
{{Davidson County, Tennessee}}
{{NashvilleAuthority Metrocontrol}}
{{Tennessee}}
{{US state capitals}}
{{USLargestCities}}
{{Tennessee cities and mayors of 100,000 population}}
-->
 
[[Kategori:Nashville, Tennessee| ]]
[[Kategori:Kota di Tennessee]]
 
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[[bat-smg:Našvėlis]]
[[zh:纳什维尔]]
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