Kapal induk Jepang Shōkaku: Perbedaan antara revisi

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{{DISPLAYTITLE:Kapal induk Jepang ''Shōkaku''}}
{|{{Infobox ship begin}}
{{Infobox ship image
Baris 12 ⟶ 13:
|Ship ordered= 25 Juni 1942
|Ship awarded=
|Ship builder= [[KureArsenal NavalAngkatan ArsenalLaut Yokosuka]]
|Ship yard number=
| Ship laid down = 12 Desember 1937
Baris 25 ⟶ 26:
|Ship out of service=
| Ship struck = 31 Agustus 1945
|Ship fate=Tenggelam oleh kapal selam AS [[{{USS |Cavalla (|SS-244)|''Cavalla'']]2}} {{br}}pada 19 Juni 1944
|Ship notes=
}}
Baris 40 ⟶ 41:
|Ship power={{convert|160000|shp|kW|abbr=on|lk=in}}
| Ship propulsion =
* [[Turbin KanponKampon]]
*4 baling-baling
|Ship speed={{convert|34,2|kn|lk=in}}
Baris 62 ⟶ 63:
| url= http://www.history.navy.mil/photos/sh-fornv/japan/japsh-s/shokaku.htm
| title= Japanese Navy Ships — ''Shokaku'' (Aircraft Carrier, 1941–1944)
| date= 4 June 2000
| work=
| publisher= [[Naval Historical Center|U.S. Naval Historical Center]]
| accessdate= 13-02-2008}} </ref>
| archive-date= 2008-02-20
| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20080220191654/http://www.history.navy.mil/photos/sh-fornv/japan/japsh-s/shokaku.htm
| dead-url= yes
}}</ref>
 
== Desain ==
[[Berkas:Shokaku launch.jpg|jmpl|kiri|Saat ''Shōkaku'' diluncurkan dari galangan kapal Yokosuka tanggal 1 Juni 1939, cuaca saat itu dalam keadaan hujan lebat dan petir.]]
''Shōkaku'' mulai dibangun di GalanganArsenal KapalAngkatan Laut [[Yokosuka]] pada 12 Desember 1937, diluncurkan pada 1 Juni 1939, dan mulai bertugas pada 8 Agustus 1941. Pembuatan kapal-kapal induk Kelas ''Shōkaku'' berada dalam program yang sama yang juga melibatkan pembuatan kapal-[[kapal tempur kelas Yamato]]. Dengan desain modern yang efisien, berat sekitar 30.000 ton{{convert|32000|LT|t|abbr=on}}, dan kecepatan maksimum {{convert|34 knot (63 |kn|km/jam)h mph|lk=in|abbr=on}}, ''Shōkaku'' dapat membawa 70 hingga 80 pesawat. Daya tahannya yang tinggi dibandingkan dengan kapal induk sekutu sekelasnya memungkinkan ''Shōkaku'' dapat bertahan dalam kerusakan serius selama Pertempuran Laut Koral dan Santa Cruz, meskipun pada akhirnya hidupnya dihentikan oleh torpedo-torpedo kapal selam.<ref name=Stille17>Stille, p.17</ref>
 
''Shōkaku'' dan kapal induk kembarannya [[Kapal induk Jepang Zuikaku|''Zuikaku'']], menyusun [[Divisi Kapal Induk Ke-5]], Jepang,dan memperoleh pesawat-pesawat terbangnya beberapa saat sebelum penyerangan Pearl Harbor dan siap tempur tepat pada waktunya. Pesawat-pesawat pelengkapnya terdiri dari 15 pesawat tempur [[Mitsubishi A6M]], 27 pengebom tukik [[Aichi D3A]], dan 27 pengebom torpedo [[Nakajima B5N]].
 
== Tugas dalam Perang Dunia II ==
Bersama dengan ''Zuikaku'', ''Shōkaku'' tergabung dalam ''[[KidoKidō Butai]]'' (gugus serang Pearl Harbor) dan ikut serta dalam serangkaian ofensif laut Jepang pada masa-masa awal perang, termasuk [[Pertempuran Rabaul (1942)|penyerangan Rabaul]] pada Januari 1942, dan [[Pertempuran Laut Koral]] di bulan Mei.
 
Dalam [[seranganSerangan LautanSamudra Hindia]] pada Maret 1942, ''Shōkaku'' bersama dengan [[{{ship|kapal induk Jepang |Akagi|''Akagi'']]|2}}, ''Zuikaku'', [[{{ship|kapal induk Jepang |Sōryū|''Sōryū'']]|2}}, dan [[{{ship|kapal induk Jepang |Hiryū|''Hiryū'']]|2}} menyerang [[Colombo]]. Di sini Laksamana [[Chuichi Nagumo]] berhasil secaralsecara luas merusakkan fasilitas-fasilitas pendukung.
 
Tugas tersebut diselesaikan dengan baik, gugus tugas berhasil menemukan dan menenggelamkan kapal induk Britania [[{{HMS |Hermes (|95)|''Hermes'']]6}}, dan dua penjelajah ([[{{HMS |Cornwall (|56)|''Cornwall'']]6}} dan [[{{HMS |Dorsetshire (|40)|''Dorsetshire'']])6}}, yang hendak bergerak ke Laut Koral. ''Shōkaku'' ikut berperan dalam penenggelamkan kapal [[{{USS |Lexington (|CV-2)|USS ''Lexington'']]6}}, namun menderita beberapa kerusakan dari serangan pesawat-pesawat kapal induk [[{{USS |Yorktown (|CV-5)|USS ''Yorktown'']]6}} dalam perjalanan pulang.<ref name="nhc-photos"/>
 
Setelah perbaikan, ''Shōkaku'' ambil bagian dalam dua pertempuran pada tahun 1942, keduanya beraksi bersama kapal kembarannya ''Zuikaku''. Di [[Pertempuran Solomon Timur]], mereka berhasil merusakkan [[{{USS |Enterprise (|CV-6)|USS ''Enterprise'']]6}}, dan di [[Pertempuran Kepulauan Santa Cruz]], mereka menenggelamkan [[{{USS |Hornet (|CV-8)|USS ''Hornet'']]6}} tetapi lagi-lagi ''Shōkaku'' menderita kerusakan serius dari pengebom-pengebom tukik Amerika.
 
Pada 1943 di bawah komando Kapten [[Matsubara Hiroshi]], ''Shōkaku'' kembali bertugas, melakukan serangan balasan terhadap [[Kepulauan AleutianAleut]], namuntetapi operasi dibatalkan setelah kemenangan sekutuSekutu di [[Pertempuran Kepulauan AleutianAleut|Attu]]. Setelah ituKemudian sepanjang sisa tahun 1943, ''Shōkaku'' berpangkalanberpangkal di [[Chuuk|Truk]].
 
== Nasib akhir ==
Baris 89 ⟶ 97:
Berkas:Japanese plane leaves Shokaku-Pearl Harbor.jpg|[[Nakajima B5N2]] "Kate" lepas landas dari ''Shōkaku'' untuk menyerang Pearl Harbor.
</gallery>
 
== Catatan kaki ==
{{reflist}}
== Daftar pustaka ==
* Bōeichō Bōei Kenshūjo (1967), ''[[Senshi Sōsho]] Hawai Sakusen''. Tokyo: Asagumo Shimbunsha.
* {{cite book|last=Brown |first=David |title=WWII Fact Files: Aircraft Carriers |publisher=Arco Publishing |year=1977 |isbn=0-668-04164-1}}
* {{cite book|last=Chesneau |first=Roger |title=Aircraft Carriers of the World, 1914 to the Present |url=https://archive.org/details/aircraftcarriers0000ches |publisher=Brockhampton Press |year=1998 |isbn=1-86019-875-9}}
* {{cite journal|last=Dickson|first=W. David|year=1977|title=Fighting Flat-tops: The Shokakus|journal=Warship International|publisher=International Naval Research Organization|location=Toledo, Ohio|volume=XIV|issue=1|pages=15–46}}
* {{cite book|last=Dull |first=Paul S. |title=A Battle History of the Imperial Japanese Navy (1941–1945) |url=https://archive.org/details/battlehistoryofi0000dull |publisher=Naval Institute Press |year=1978}}
* {{cite book|last=Hammel |first=Eric |title=Guadalcanal: The Carrier Battles |url=https://archive.org/details/guadalcanalcarri00hamm |publisher=Crown Publishers, Inc. |year=1987 |isbn=0-517-56608-7}}
* {{cite book| last = Jentschura| first = Hansgeorg| first2 = Dieter |last2=Jung|first3=Peter |last3=Mickel| year = 1977| title = Warships of the Imperial Japanese Navy, 1869–1945| publisher = United States Naval Institute| location = Annapolis, Maryland| isbn = 0-87021-893-X|last-author-amp=yes}}
* {{cite book|editor=Jordan, John|publisher=Conway|location=London|year=2014|title=Warship 2015|isbn=978-1-84486-276-4|first=Hans|last=Lengerer|chapter=The Aircraft Carriers of the Shōkaku Class|pages=90–109}}
* {{cite book | last = Lundstrom | first = John B. | author2 = | year = 2005a|edition=New | title = The First Team: Pacific Naval Air Combat from Pearl Harbor to Midway | publisher = Naval Institute Press | location = Annapolis, Maryland | isbn = 1-59114-471-X}}
* {{cite book|last=Lundstrom|first=John B.|title=The First Team and the Guadalcanal Campaign|url=https://archive.org/details/firstteampacific0000lund|year=2005b|publisher=Naval Institute Press|location=Annapolis, Maryland|isbn=1-55750-526-8}}
* {{cite book|last=Peattie |first=Mark |authorlink=Mark Peattie |title=Sunburst: The Rise of Japanese Naval Air Power 1909–1941 |url=https://archive.org/details/sunburstriseofja0000peat |publisher=Naval Institute Press|location=Annapolis, Maryland |year=2001 |isbn=1-55750-432-6}}
* {{cite book|last1=Polmar|first1=Norman|last2=Genda |first2=Minoru |authorlink2=Minoru Genda|title=Aircraft Carriers: A History of Carrier Aviation and Its Influence on World Events|publisher=Potomac Books|location=Washington, D.C.|year=2006|volume=Volume 1, 1909–1945|isbn=1-57488-663-0|last-author-amp=yes}}
* {{cite book|last=Rohwer|first=Jürgen|title=Chronology of the War at Sea 1939-1945: The Naval History of World War Two|url=https://archive.org/details/chronologyofwara0000rohw_v7p9|publisher=Naval Institute Press|location=Annapolis, Maryland|year=2005|edition=Third Revised|isbn=1-59114-119-2|authorlink=Jürgen Rohwer}}
* {{cite book|last1=Shores|first1=Christopher|last2=Cull|first2=Brian|last3=Izawa|first3=Yasuho|title=Bloody Shambles|volume=I: The Drift to War to the Fall of Singapore|year=1992|publisher=Grub Street|location=London|isbn=0-948817-50-X|last-author-amp=yes}}
* {{cite book|last1=Shores|first1=Christopher|last2=Cull|first2=Brian|last3=Izawa|first3=Yasuho|title=Bloody Shambles|volume=II: The Defence of Sumatra to the Fall of Burma|year=1993|publisher=Grub Street|location=London|isbn=0-948817-67-4|last-author-amp=yes}}
* {{cite book| last = Stille| first = Mark| series =Campaign|volume=214| year = 2009| title = The Coral Sea 1942: The First Carrier Battle| publisher = Osprey Publishing| location = Oxford, UK| isbn = 978-1-84908-106-1}}
* {{cite book| last = Stille| first = Mark| series =Raid|volume=26| year = 2011| title =Tora! Tora! Tora:! Pearl Harbor 1941| publisher = Osprey Publishing| location = Oxford, UK| isbn = 978-1-84908-509-0}}
* {{cite book| last = Stille| first = Mark| series =Duel|volume=6| year = 2007| title = USN Carriers vs IJN Carriers: The Pacific 1942| publisher = Osprey Publishing| location = Oxford, UK| isbn = 978-1-84603-248-6}}
* {{cite web| last = Tully| first = Anthony P.| date =30 July 2010| url = http://combinedfleet.com/shokaku.htm| title = IJN Shokaku: Tabular Record of Movement| work = Kido Butai| publisher = Combinedfleet.com| accessdate = 14 July 2015}}
* {{cite web|url=http://www.combinedfleet.com/shoksink.htm|title=The Sinking of Shokaku -- An Analysis|last1=Tully|first1=Anthony|last2=Parshall|first2=Jon|last3=Wolff|first3=Richard|work=Kido Butai|publisher=Combinedfleet.com|accessdate=26 July 2015|last-author-amp=yes}}
* {{cite book|last=Zimm|first=Alan D.|title=Attack on Pearl Harbor: Strategy, Combat, Myths, Deceptions|url=https://archive.org/details/attackonpearlhar0000zimm|year=2011|publisher=Casemate Publishers|location=Havertown, Pennsylvania|isbn=978-1-61200-010-7}}
 
== Pranala luar ==
* [http://www.history.navy.mil/photos/sh-fornv/japan/japsh-s/shokaku.htm Foto-foto Angkatan Laut AS mengenai ''Shokaku''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080220191654/http://www.history.navy.mil/photos/sh-fornv/japan/japsh-s/shokaku.htm |date=2008-02-20 }}
* [http://www.combinedfleet.com/shokaku.htm Tabular record of movement] dari [http://www.combinedfleet.com/ combinedfleet.com]
* Anthony Tully, Jon Parshall and Richard Wolff, [http://www.combinedfleet.com/shoksink.htm The Sinking of ''Shokaku'' — An Analysis]
 
{{Kapal induk kelas Shōkaku}}
== Catatan kaki ==
 
{{reflist}}
 
{{DEFAULTSORT:Shōkaku}}
[[Kategori:Kapal induk Jepang dalam Perang Dunia II|Shokaku]]
[[Kategori:Kapal perangtahun Jepang1939]]
[[Kategori:Insiden maritim tahun 1944]]