Suporter West Ham United F.C.: Perbedaan antara revisi

'''Suporter West Ham United F.C.''' adalah pengikut klub sepak bola [[Inggris]] yang berasal dari [[London|London Barat]], [[West Ham United F.C.|West Ham United Football Club]], yang didirikan sebagai Ironworks Thames pada tahun 1895. Ada 670.000 suporter yang terdata oleh klub dan lebih dari 250.000 orang menyukai halaman klub di [[Facebook]].<ref name=Olympic>{{cite web|title=West Ham: We'll provide lasting legacy for the whole country|url=http://www.thisislondon.co.uk/standard-sport/football/article-23916284-west-ham-well-provide-lasting-legacy-for-the-whole-country.do|publisher=www.thisislondon.co.uk|accessdate=20 June 2011}}</ref> Situs resmi klub berada dalam daftar sepuluh besar situs klub sepak bola Inggris yang paling sering dikunjungi oleh orang-orang di [[Amerika Serikat]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Top 10 Most Visited English Soccer Club Websites By U.S. Visitors|url=http://www.epltalk.com/top-10-most-visited-english-soccer-club-websites-by-us-visitors-2180|publisher=www.epltalk.com|accessdate=20 June 2011|archive-date=2012-09-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120911131126/http://www.epltalk.com/top-10-most-visited-english-soccer-club-websites-by-us-visitors-2180|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Suporter mereka juga terkait dengan elemen [[hooliganisme sepak bola]],<ref name=Columbus>{{cite news|last=Leonard|first=Tim|title=West Ham fans brawl with Columbus Crew as football hooliganism hits the US|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/northamerica/usa/2439908/West-Ham-fans-brawl-with-Columbus-Crew-as-football-hooliganism-hits-the-US.html|accessdate=24 June 2011|newspaper=Daily Telegraph|date=21 June 2008|location=London}}</ref> dan memiliki rivalitas keras dengan beberapa klub lain, terutama [[Millwall F.C.|Millwall]].

Mayoritas suporter West Ham adalah laki-laki.<ref name=FanSurvey>{{cite web|title=National Fan Survey|url=http://www.premierleague.com/staticFiles/2f/6d/0,,12306~93487,00.pdf|publisher=www.premierleague.com|accessdate=30 June 2011|archive-date=2010-01-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100107034222/http://www.premierleague.com/staticFiles/2f/6d/0,,12306~93487,00.pdf|dead-url=yes}}</ref>

West Ham adalah satu-satunya klub di ''[[borough]]'' [[Newham]] dan mayoritas orang di ''borough'' tersebut mendukung West Ham.<ref name=Olympic/> Kehadiran rata-rata di [[Boleyn Ground]], kandang mereka, selama enam musim terakhir adalah lebih dari 33.000 orang per musim,<ref name=Premstats>{{cite web|title=English Clubs in the Past|url=http://www.european-football-statistics.co.uk/attnclub/whu.htm|publisher=www.european-football-statistics.co.uk|accessdate=23 June 2011|archive-date=2013-10-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131015231110/http://www.european-football-statistics.co.uk/attnclub/whu.htm|dead-url=yes}}</ref> dan meskipun terdegradasi sebagai juru kunci [[Liga Utama Inggris 2010-11]], kehadiran di kandang mereka rata-rata 33.426, tertinggi kesebelas dari semua klub Liga Utama.<ref name=Premstats201011>{{cite web|title=Barclays Premier League Stats: Team Attendance - 2010-11 |url=http://soccernet.espn.go.com/stats/attendance/_/league/eng.1/year/2010/barclays-premier-league?cc=5739|publisher=ESPN|accessdate=23 June 2011}}</ref> Secara tradisional, penggemar West Ham berasal dari [[London]] (di London Timur khususnya), dan [[Britania Raya|''home counties'']], namun penggemar klub ini juga merata di seluruh dunia terutama di [[Barcelona]],<ref name="Barca Hammers">{{cite web|title=Inici|url=http://www.barcelonahammerassociation.com/|publisher=www.barcelonahammersassociation.com|accessdate=25 June 2011|archive-date=2012-12-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121230051420/http://www.barcelonahammerassociation.com/|dead-url=yes}}</ref> [[Tenerife]],<ref name=Tenerife>{{cite web|title=Tenerife Hammers|url=http://www.tenerifehammers.com/hammerslinks.htm|publisher=www.tenerifehammers.com|accessdate=25 June 2011|archive-date=2013-04-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130417132732/http://www.tenerifehammers.com/hammerslinks.htm|dead-url=yes}}</ref> [[Serbia]],<ref name=Serbia>{{cite web|title=The Official West Ham United Fan Club Serbia|url=http://www.hammers-serbia.com/|publisher=www.hammers-serbia.com|accessdate=25 June 2011|archive-date=2012-11-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121103140426/http://www.hammers-serbia.com/|dead-url=yes}}</ref> [[Australia]],,<ref name=OZ>{{cite web|title=The Official Australian Hammers Supporters site.

|url=http://www.ozhammers.com/|publisher=www.ozhammers.com|accessdate=28 June 2011}}</ref> dan [[Skandinavia]] yang memiliki lebih dari 800 anggota.<ref name=Scan>{{cite web|title=Fans welcome Denmark visit|url=http://www.whufc.com/articles/20110701/fans-welcome-denmark-visit_2236884_2383698|publisher=www.whufc.com|accessdate=1 July 2011|archive-date=2011-07-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110704035759/http://www.whufc.com/articles/20110701/fans-welcome-denmark-visit_2236884_2383698|dead-url=yes}}</ref>

Lagu pujian juga telah diciptakan dan dinyanyikan untuk pemain, terutama [[Paolo Di Canio]],<ref name=DIcaniosong>{{cite news|last=Dart|first=Tom|title=West Ham in final act|url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/sport/football/article883240.ece|accessdate=21 June 2011|newspaper=Times|date=8 May 2003|location=London}}</ref> [[Christian Dailly]],<ref name=Daillysong>{{cite news|last=Brand|first=Russell|title=It is time to face facts - we are all doomed|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/football/2007/mar/03/sport.comment3|accessdate=21 June 2011|newspaper=Guardian|date=3 March 2007|location=London}}</ref> [[Bobby Zamora]],<ref name=Songs>{{cite web|title=West Ham Songs|url=http://www.barbelhammer.co.uk/west_ham_songs.htm|accessdate=21 June 2011|archive-date=2012-11-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121105020631/http://www.barbelhammer.co.uk/west_ham_songs.htm|dead-url=yes}}</ref> [[Frank Lampard Sr.|Frank Lampard]]<ref name=Songs/> [[Pop Robson]] dan [[Luděk Mikloško]]<ref name=Songs2>{{cite web|title=WestOi Hambig Songsboy!|url=http://fanchants.com/football-songs/west_ham-chants/oi-big-boy/|accessdate=30 June 2011|titlearchive-date=Oi 2011-06-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110612125333/http://fanchants.com/football-songs/west_ham-chants/oi-big -boy!/|dead-url=yes}}</ref>

Suporter juga metampilkan semangat untuk menyalahkan mantan pemain yang dianggap tidak memedulikan klub, atau merugikan klub. [[Paul Ince]],<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/2387800/Fans-refuse-to-forgive-Jud as-Ince.html|title=Fans refuse to forg ive 'Judas' Ince|author=Graham Slater|publisher=Daily Telgraph|date=04-10-2004}}{{Pranala mati|date=Juli 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Dimitri Payet [[Frank Lampard]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://soccernet.espn.go.com/news/story?id=641023&cc=5739|title=JT: Hammers abuse of Lampard went too far|date=26-04-2009}}</ref> [[Jermain Defoe]],<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/main.jhtml?xml=/sport/2007/03/05/sfgwes05.xml|title=West Ham stunned by Stalteri strike|publisher=The Telegraph|location=London|first=Henry|last=Winter|date=5 March 2007|accessdate=6 April 2010|archive-date=2008-05-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080501192538/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/main.jhtml?xml=%2Fsport%2F2007%2F03%2F05%2Fsfgwes05.xml|dead-url=yes}}</ref> [[Craig Bellamy]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://i44.tinypic.com/14cemnr.jpg |title=Bellamy Watch |date= |accessdate=29 April 2010}}</ref> dan [[Nigel Reo-Coker]]<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/pages/live/articles/sport/football.html?in_article_id=565473&in_page_id=1779|title=Reo-Coker: West Ham fans didn't want me at the club|work=The Daily Mail|date=10 May 2008|accessdate=29 April 2010|location=London}}</ref> telah mendapat kekerasan verbal dan dimusuhi publik Upton Park. Namun, pemain seperti [[Joe Cole]], [[Michael Carrick]], [[Rio Ferdinand]],<ref name=RioHero>{{cite news|last=Wright|first=Duncan|title=Football: RIO'S GRAND; Hammers fans cheer Leeds goal hero Ferdinand|url=http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qn4161/is_20010422/ai_n14526889/|publisher=Sunday Mirror|accessdate=23 June 2011|date=2001-04-22}}</ref> [[Bobby Zamora]] dan Carlos Tévez<ref name=TevezHero>{{cite news|last=Smith|first=Alan|title=Carlos Tevez has West Ham fans applauding|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/columnists/alansmith/2299471/Carlos-Tevez-has-West-Ham-fans-applauding.html|accessdate=23 June 2011|newspaper=Daily Telegraph|location=London|date=2008-05-05}}</ref> menerima tepuk tangan dan bahkan tepuk tangan berdiri untuk menghormati kontribusi mereka bagi klub.

Pada pertandingan [[Piala Liga Inggris]] pada 25 Agustus 2009, bentrokan terjadi antara kedua belah pihak di luar Upton Park. Polisi memperkirakan ratusan penggemar terlibat. Pendukung Millwall, Alan Baker ditikam<ref name="Calvin1">{{Cite book|last=Calvin|page=1 }}</ref> dan ditinggalkan berjuang untuk bertahan hidup.<ref name="Calvin10">{{Cite book|last=Calvin|page=10 }}</ref><ref name="MetPolice">{{cite news|url=http://cms.met.police.uk/news/appeals/appeal_re_stabbing_at_football_match|title=Appeal re stabbing at football match|date=28 October 2009|work=Metropolitan Police|accessdate=2010-10-23|archive-date=2013-01-14|archive-url=https://archive.istoday/20130114064046/http://cms.met.police.uk/news/appeals/appeal_re_stabbing_at_football_match|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Lapangan permainan diserang tiga kali oleh para pendukung West Ham, menyebabkan laga ditunda.<ref name="League cup">{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/london/8221451.stm|title=Violence erupts at London derby|date=25 August 2009|work=BBC News|accessdate=2009-08-25}}</ref> [[Football Association]] menyelidiki kedua klub, dan akhirnya West Ham didenda £115.000. Mereka didakwa telah gagal untuk memastikan fans mereka menahan diri dari kekerasan, perilaku mengancam, cabul dan provokatif dan memasuki lapangan permainan. Millwall dibersihkan dari semua tuduhan.<ref name=BBCAug09>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/league_cup/8443013.stm|title=West Ham fined £115,000 over violence against Millwall|work=[[BBC News]]|publisher=[[BBC|British Broadcasting Corporation]]|date=15 January 2010|accessdate=2 February 2010}}</ref>

Pertandingan melawan tim London lainnya, seperti [[Chelsea F.C.|Chelsea]] dan [[Tottenham Hotspur F.C.|Tottenham]] juga dianggapderby dan kekerasan telah terjadi antara penggemar, meskipun persaingan tidak intens seperti antara West Ham dan Millwall.<ref name=DestroytheCockerel>{{cite news|title=Arrests over football violence|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/london/3227015.stm|publisher=BBC News|accessdate=28 June 2011|date=30 October 2003}}</ref><ref name=Bridge>{{cite web|title=FA TO PROBE CUP TIE VIOLENCE|url=http://www.sportinglife.com/football/news/story_get.dor?STORY_NAME=soccer/04/10/28/SOCCER_Chelsea_Trouble.html&TEAMHD=soccer|publisher=Sporting Life|accessdate=28 June 2011}}{{Pranala mati|date=Oktober 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

Suporter West Ham memiliki tradisi kekerasan dan [[hooliganisme]].<ref name=Boleyn/> Kandang mereka, [[Boleyn Ground]], juga telah menyaksikan rasisme di antara penggemar dan di sini, hooliganisme sepak bola berasal dari para ''[[bovver boy]]'' pada tahun 1960.<ref name=Aggro>{{cite book|last=Pennant|first=Cass|title=Want Some Aggro?|url=https://archive.org/details/wantsomeaggro0000cass|year=2002|publisher=John Blake Publishing Ltd|location=London|isbn=1-904034-57-8|pages=[https://archive.org/details/wantsomeaggro0000cass/page/14 14]}}</ref> Simpatisan [[Front Nasional (Britania Raya)|Front Nasional]] telah membagikan selebaran merka di luar Upton Park, terutama setelah peluncuran surat kabar pemuda 'Bulldog' pada tahun 1977, dan telah berhasil menjual memorabilia klub yang membawa slogan dan motif 'NF'.<ref name=Leicester>{{cite web|title=Fact Sheet 6: Racism and Football|url=http://www.le.ac.uk/snccfr/resources/factsheets/fs6.html|publisher=University of Leicester|accessdate=20 June 2011|archive-date=2011-06-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110606125841/http://www.le.ac.uk/snccfr/resources/factsheets/fs6.html|dead-url=yes}}</ref>

Film tahun 2005, [[Green Street|Green Street Hooligans]] (jalan di mana Boleyn Ground berdiri) digambarkan seorang mahasiswa Amerika, diperankan oleh [[Elijah Wood]], terlibat dengan sebuah firma fiksi yang berhubungan dengan West Ham, dengan penekanan pada rivalitas dengan Millwall.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/teams/w/west_ham_utd/4186838.stm|title=Hammer blow|publisher=[[BBC Sport]]|date=26 August 2005|last=Keogh|first=Francis|accessdate=3 July 2011}}</ref><ref name="GreenSt Film">{{cite web|title=Green Street Hooligans (2005)Trivia|url=http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0385002/trivia|publisher=IMDB|accessdate=22 June 2011}}</ref> Meskipun mereka awalnya memperbolehkan syuting di dalam stadinon West Ham, direksi West Ham menarik izin mereka setelah mereka sadar akan isi kekerasan dari film tersebut.<ref name="GreenSt Film" /> ''Hooliganisme'' di West Ham lagi-lagi disorot dalam [[Cass]], sebuah film 2008, berdasarkan pada kehidupan seorang mantan hooligan yang terkenal, [[Cass Pennant]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cassmovie.co.uk/|title=The Film|publisher=''CASS'' - The Official Site|accessdate=3 July 2011|archive-date=2011-08-31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110831094247/http://www.cassmovie.co.uk/|dead-url=yes}}</ref>