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Baris 4:
| native_name = Mişcarea Legionară
| logo = Guardiadehierro.svg
| logo_size = 300px190px
| lang1 = Other
| name_lang1 = PergerkanPergerakan legiuner<ref>{{Cite book |first=Stanley G. |last=Payne |author-link=Stanley G. Payne |title=A History of Fascism, 1914–1945 |url=https://archive.org/details/historyoffascism00payn |url-access=registration |publisher=University of Wisconsin Press |year=1995 |page=[https://archive.org/details/historyoffascism00payn/page/394 394]|isbn=9780299148706 }}</ref><br>Legiun Malaikat Mikael<br>Partai "Semuanya untuk Negara"
| founders = {{unbulleted list|Ion I. Moța|Ilie Gârneață<ref>{{Cite book|last=Sima|first=Horia|url=http://worldcat.org/oclc/272381280|title=The history of the Legionary Movement|date=1995|publisher=Legionary Press|isbn=1-899627-01-4|pages=144|oclc=272381280}}</ref>}}
{{Collapsible list
Baris 45:
| leader2_title = Presiden
| leader2_name = Gheorghe Cantacuzino-Grănicerul
| abbreviation = '''TpȚ''' (1935–41)<ref>"Totul pentru Țară" is translated as "Everything for the Fatherland" in "[[Collier's Encyclopedia]]" material that is now incorporated into "[[Encarta]]" as a sidebar ([http://encarta.msn.com/sidebar_461500758/1938_Rumania.html 1938: Rumania] {{webarchiveWebarchive|url=https://wwwweb.webcitationarchive.org/5kwrXBk32?url=web/20090831225009/http://encarta.msn.com/sidebar_461500758/1938_Rumania.html |date=2009-1108-0131 }}) and in the "[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]" article [http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9042802 Iron Guard] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060603170752/http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9042802 |date=2006-06-03 }}; the [[International Commission on the Holocaust in Romania]] uses "Everything for the Motherland" in the English-language version of its November 11, 2004 [http://www.ushmm.org/research/center/presentations/programs/presentations/2005-03-10/pdf/english/chapter_03.pdf Final Report] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060129104944/http://www.ushmm.org/research/center/presentations/programs/presentations/2005-03-10/pdf/english/chapter_03.pdf |date=2006-01-29 }} ([[PDF]]). (All retrieved 6 Dec 2005.).</ref>
| foundation = {{start date and age|24 June 1927}}
| banned = 23 Januari 1941
| split = {{nowrap|Liga Pertahanan Kekristenan Nasional Rumania}}
| headquarters = Rumah Hijau, [[Bucharest]]<ref name="Picture of the Green House">[{{Cite web |url=http://www.miscarea.org/a/?p=677 |title=Picture of the Green House] |access-date=2022-07-16 |archive-date=2021-11-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211129094527/http://www.miscarea.org/a/?p=677 |dead-url=yes }}</ref>
| newspaper = ''[[Cuvântul]]'', ''Buna Vestire'', ''Axa''
| youth_wing = Persaudaraan Salib
Baris 55:
| wing2 = ''Corpul Muncitorilor Legionari''
| wing1_title = {{nowrap|Sayap Paramiliter}}
| wing1 = Garda Besi (''Garda de Fier'')<ref name="britannica.com">{{Cite web|url=http://www.britannica.com/topic/Iron-Guard|title=Iron Guard &#124; Romanian organization|access-date=2022-07-16|archive-date=2021-10-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211020010837/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Iron-Guard|dead-url=no}}</ref> / Kemeja Hijau
| membership = {{steady}} 272,000 (akhir tahuh 1937 {{estimation}})<ref name="Săndulescu, p. 267">Săndulescu, p. 267</ref>
| ideology = {{Tree list}}
Baris 67:
** [[fasisme|Kolaborasi kelas]]<ref name="payne"/>
** [[Antisemitisme]]{{cref|a}}<ref name="sjldict">Stephen J. Lee, ''European Dictatorships, 1918–1945'', [[Routledge]], London, 2000, p.288. {{ISBN|0-415-23046-2}}</ref><ref>Final Report, p.28-29</ref><ref>Subtelny, Orest. (1988) Ukraine: a History. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, pg. 442</ref><ref>Volovici, Nationalist Ideology, p. 98, citing N. Cainic, Ortodoxie şi etnocraţie, pp. 162–4</ref>
** [[fasisme|Fasisme klerikal]]<ref name="payne"/><ref>Iordachi, Constantin (2023). ''[https://www.routledge.com/The-Fascist-Faith-of-the-Legion-Archangel-Michael-in-Romania-192741/Iordachi/p/book/9781138624559 The Fascist Faith of the Legion "Archangel Michael" in Romania, 1927–41 Martyrdom and National Purification] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230213090854/https://www.routledge.com/The-Fascist-Faith-of-the-Legion-Archangel-Michael-in-Romania-192741/Iordachi/p/book/9781138624559 |date=2023-02-13 }}''. [[Routledge]]. {{ISBN|978-1138624559}}.</ref>
** [[Anti-komunisme]]<ref name="Volovici, p. 98">Volovici, ''Nationalist Ideology'', p. 98, citing N. Crainic, ''Ortodoxie și etnocrație'', pp. 162–164</ref>
** [[Anti-kapitalisme]]<ref name="payne">Payne, Stanley G. (1995). ''A History of Fascism 1914–1945'' Madison: University of Wisconsin Press (pp. 277–289) {{ISBN|0-299-14874-2}}</ref> {{Tree list/end}}
Baris 79:
| seats2_title = Kursi di<br>Dewan Deputi (Pemilihan umum Romania tahun 1937)
| seats2 = {{Composition bar|66|387|hex={{party color|Iron Guard}}|per=1}}
| footnotes = {{nowrap|{{cnote|a|Garda Besi / Gerakan Legiuner juga memiliki garis ideologis yang cenderung [[Anti-Freemasonry|Anti-freemasonik]]}}}}
| flag = [[File:Flag of the Iron Guard (Legion of the Archangel Michael or Legionary Movement).svg|border|200px]]
| country = Romania
}}
'''GardaGerakan BesiLegiuner''' ([[bahasa Rumania]]: GardaMişcarea de FierLegionară) atau sering disebut sebagai "Garda Besi" adalah sebuah gerakan [[fasis]] revolusioner [[Rumania]] dan partai politik yang didirikan pada tahun 1927 oleh Corneliu Zelea Codreanu sebagai Legiun Malaikat Mikael (''Legiunea Arhanghelul Mihail'') atau Pergerakan Legiuner (''Mișcarea Legionară'').<ref>{{Cite book |first=Stanley G. |last=Payne |author-link=Stanley G. Payne |title=A History of Fascism, 1914–1945 |url=https://archive.org/details/historyoffascism00payn |url-access=registration |publisher=University of Wisconsin Press |year=1995 |page=[https://archive.org/details/historyoffascism00payn/page/394 394]|isbn=9780299148706 }}</ref> Garda Besi mempunyai garis ideologis yang anti-demokratik, anti-kapitalis, anti-komunis, dan anti-Semit. gerakanGerakan ini berbeda dari gerakan-gerakan sayap kanan Eropa lainnya pada periode itu. dikarenakankarena dasar spiritualnya,spiritual Garda Besi sangat diilhami oleh mistisisme [[Gereja Ortodoks Rumania|Kristen Ortodoks Rumania]].
 
Pada bulan Maret 1930, Codreanu membentuk Garda Besi sebagai cabang paramiliter dari Legiun, yang pada tahun 1935 mengubah nama resminya menjadi partai "'''Totul pentru Țară'''", (''Semuanya untuk Negara''). ia di bentuk saat awal [[Perang Dunia Kedua]], dan pada saat itu juga ia berkuasa atas Rumania. Anggota partai ini disebut Legiunir atau "Kemeja Hijau", dikarenakan seragam hijau yang mereka kenakan.<ref>For "greenshirts" see, for example, R. G. Waldeck, ''Athene Palace'', University of Chicago Press eBook (2013), {{ISBN|022608647X}}, p. 182. Originally published 1942.</ref>
Semasa dalam kepemimpinan Codreanu yang kharismatik, legiun itu dikenal akan propagandanya yang memikat, termasuk kecakapan berpidato di depan umum. Terdapat 2 [[Daftar Perdana Menteri Rumania|Perdana Mentri Rumania]] yang menjadi korban gerakan ini, yaitu [[Ion Duca]] dan [[Armand Călinescu]]. dan Pada tahun [[1940]]. Ketika Marsekal [[Ion Antonescu]] berkuasa pada September 1940tahun itu, ia membawa Garda Besi ke dalam pemerintahan, menciptakan Negara Legiunir Nasional. Pada Januari 1941, setelah pemberontakan Legiuner, Antonescu menggunakan tentara untuk menekan gerakan itu, dan menghancurkan organisasi partai. hasilnya, komandan daripada Garda Besi: Horia Sima, bersama dengan para pemimpin lainnya, melarikan diri ke [[Nazi Jerman|Jerman]].
 
== Bibliografi ==
Baris 94:
== Pranala luar ==
* [http://hist.academic.claremontmckenna.edu/jpetropoulos/ironguard/ The Iron Guard] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080827194208/http://hist.academic.claremontmckenna.edu/jpetropoulos/ironguard/ |date=2008-08-27 }}
* [http://www.nouadreapta.org/ Iron Guard nowadays] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180831140118/http://www.nouadreapta.org/ |date=2018-08-31 }}
* [http://www.codreanu.ro/ Website dedicated to Corneliu Zelea Codreanu, founder of the Iron Guard] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220326041057/http://www.codreanu.ro/ |date=2022-03-26 }}
* [http://www.horiasima.ro/ Website dedicated to Horia Sima, former Commander of the Iron Guard] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070108011801/http://www.horiasima.ro/ |date=2007-01-08 }}
 
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[[Kategori:Partai politik di Rumania]]
 
 
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