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{{About|film|kisah sengsara Yesus Kristus|Kisah Sengsara (Kekristenan)}}
{{otheruses4|the film|the actual Christian Passion|Passion (Christianity)}}
{{Infobox Filmfilm
| name = The Passion of the Christ
| image = Thepassionposterface-1-.jpg
| image size = 220px
| alt =
| caption = Poster tayangan bioskop
| director = [[Mel Gibson]]
| producer = {{Plainlist|
* [[Bruce Davey]]<br
* />[[Mel Gibson]]<br
* />[[Stephen McEveety]]
|* eproducer = [[Enzo Sisti]]
}}
| aproducer =
| screenplay = {{Plainlist|
| writer = [[Benedict Fitzgerald]]<br />[[Mel Gibson]]
* Mel Gibson
| starring = [[James Caviezel]]<br />[[Maia Morgenstern]]<br />[[Monica Bellucci]]<br />[[Hristo Shopov|Hristo Naumov Shopov]]<br />[[Mattia Sbragia]]<br />[[Rosalinda Celentano]]
* [[Benedict Fitzgerald]]
| music = [[John Debney]]<br />[[Gingger Shankar]]
* [[William Fulco]] {{small|(terjemahan)}}
}}
| based on = [[Kisah Sengsara (Kekristenan)|Kisah Sengsara]] dalam [[Alkitab]] [[Perjanjian Baru]]
| starring = {{Plainlist|
* [[Jim Caviezel]]
* [[Monica Bellucci]]
* [[Claudia Gerini]]
* [[Maia Morgenstern]]
* [[Sergio Rubini]]
* [[Abel jafri]]
}}
| music = [[John Debney]]
| cinematography = [[Caleb Deschanel]]
| editing = [[Steve Mirkovich]]<br />[[John Wright (editor film editor)|John Wright]]
| studio = [[Icon Productions]]
| distributor = '''Theatrical''':<br> {{flagicon|United Kingdom}} {{flagicon|Australia}}<br>[[Icon Entertainment]]<br>{{flagicon|USA}}<br>[[Newmarket Films]]<br>{{flagicon|Canada}}<br>Equinox Films<br>{{flagicon|Taiwan}} {{flagicon|Argentina}} {{flagicon|Singapore}} {{flagicon|Brazil}}<br>[[20th Century Fox]]<br>{{flagicon|Malta}} KRS <br>'''DVD''':<br>{{flagicon|United Kingdom}}<br>[[MGM Home Entertainment]]<br> {{flagicon|Australia}} {{flagicon|Canada}}<br> [[Warner Home Video]]<br>{{flagicon|USA}} {{flagicon|Taiwan}} {{flagicon|Argentina}} {{flagicon|Brazil}} {{flagicon|Singapore}}<br>[[20th Century Fox Home Entertainment]]<br> {{flagicon|Iran}} Frag|
| distributor = {{Plainlist|
| released = {{flagicon|USA}} [[February 25]], [[2004]]
*[[Newmarket Films]]
| runtime = 127 minutes
*[[20th Century Fox]]
| country = {{USA}}<br>{{flag|Israel}}
}}
| awards = 3 Oscar Noms
| released = {{Film date|2004|02|25}}
| language = [[Aramaic language|Aramaic]]<br />[[Latin language|Latin]]<br />[[Hebrew language|Hebrew]]<br/>[[Assyrian Neo-Aramaic]]
| budget runtime = $30 million [[United States dollar{{Plainlist|USD]]
* 126 menit<ref>{{cite web|title=''The Passion of the Christ'' (18)|url=http://www.bbfc.co.uk/releases/passion-christ-2004-4|work=[[British Board of Film Classification]]|date=February 18, 2004|accessdate=June 2, 2013}}</ref>
| gross = '''Domestic''': $370,782,930<br>'''Worldwide''': $611,899,420
* 122 menit {{small|(recut)}}<ref>{{cite web|title=''The Passion – Recut'' (15)|url=http://www.bbfc.co.uk/releases/passion-recut-2005-0|work=[[British Board of Film Classification]]|date=February 25, 2005|accessdate=June 2, 2013}}</ref>
| preceded_by =
}}
| followed_by =
| amg_id country = 1:290960Amerika Serikat
| imdb_id language = 0335345{{Plainlist|
* [[bahasa Aram|Aram]]
* [[bahasa Latin|Latin]]
* [[bahasa Ibrani|Ibrani]]
}}
| budget = $30 juta<ref name="BOM"/>
| gross = $612 juta<ref name="BOM"/>
}}
'''''The Passion of the Christ''''' (terjemahan bebas: "Penderitaan Kristus") adalah sebuah film tahun 2004 yang ditulis bersama, diproduksi bersama dan disutradarii oleh [[Mel Gibson]]. Film ini didasari atas kisah-kisah Kitab Suci mengenai penangkapan, pengadilan, penyaliban dan kebangkitan [[Yesus Kristus]] - peristiwa-peristiwa yang secara umum dikenal sebagai masa penderitaan Yesus. Film ini memperoleh rating "R" (''Restricted'' atau ada batasan bagi yang ingin menontonnya) oleh badan ''Motion Picture Association of America'' karena "rentetan gambaran kekerasan". Dialog film ini diucapkan dalam Bahasa Aramaic, Bahasa Latin dan Bahasa Ibrani, yang disertai dengan teks terjemahannya. Proses pembuatan film ini dilakukan di [[Italia]], khususnya di kota Matera dan Craco Basilicata serta Studio Cinecittà di [[Roma]]. Film ini adalah film bukan berbahasa Inggris yang paling sukses di [[Amerika Serikat]].
<!--
==Plot==
[[Image:Medium passion du christ1.jpg|left|thumb|200px|The Devil peering in on Jesus' shoulder.]]
 
'''''The Passion of the Christ''''' (terkadang disebut '''''The Passion'''''<ref name=noonan />) adalah suatu film drama [[film epik|epik]] buatan Amerika Serikat, disutradarai oleh [[Mel Gibson]] dan dibintangi oleh [[Jim Caviezel]] yang berperan sebagai [[Yesus Kristus]]. Film ini menggambarkan [[Kisah Sengsara (Kekristenan)|Penderitaan Yesus]] yang utamanya berdasarkan pada [[Injil Matius]], [[Injil Markus|Markus]], [[Injil Lukas|Lukas]], dan [[Injil Yohanes|Yohanes]]. Film ini juga mengacu pada praktik keimanan seperti [[Jumat Dukacita]] beserta karya tulis devosional yang lain, contohnya [[penampakan Maria|penampakan-penampakan terkenal Maria]] yang dikaitkan dengan [[Beata]] [[Anna Katharina Emmerick]].<ref name=America >Father John O'Malley ''A Movie, a Mystic, a Spiritual Tradition'' ''[[America (majalah Yesuit)|America]]'', March 15, 2004 [http://americamagazine.org/content/article.cfm?article_id=3481&comments=1]</ref><ref name="Corl">''Jesus and Mel Gibson's The Passion of the Christ'' by Kathleen E. Corley, Robert Leslie Webb. 2004. ISBN 0-8264-7781-X. pages 160–161.</ref><ref name="Garcia">''Mel Gibson's Passion and philosophy'' by Jorge J. E. Gracia. 2004. ISBN 0-8126-9571-2. page 145.</ref><ref name="Dimare">''Movies in American History: An Encyclopedia'' edited by Philip C. Dimare. 2011. ISBN 1-59884-296-X. page 909.</ref>
Jesus is tempted in the garden by a personified [[Satan]], who appears as an [[wikt:androgynous|androgynous]] [[albinism|albino]]. [[Mary (mother of Jesus)|Mary, mother of Jesus]], awakes from a dream with feelings of foreboding and quotes from the [[Passover Seder]], ''Why is this night different than other nights'', and [[Mary Magdalene]] replies with a traditional response: ''Because once we were slaves and we are slaves no longer''. When questioned by [[Caiaphas]], Jesus pronounces the ineffable [[Name of God]] in his response, which justifies Caiaphas' subsequent charge of blasphemy before witnesses. The people in the crowd that demand the freedom of [[Barabbas]] rather than Jesus have been paid to do so by Caiaphas.
 
Film ini secara khusus menceritakan 12 jam terakhir kehidupan Yesus di dunia, dimulai dengan [[Penderitaan di Taman Getsemani]], [[insomnia]] dan kedukaan [[Santa Perawan Maria]], serta berakhir dengan suatu penggambaran singkat kebangkitan Yesus. Kilas balik sosok Yesus sebagai seorang anak kecil dan sebagai seorang pemuda dengan [[Maria]] ibu-Nya, memberikan [[Khotbah di Bukit]], mengajar [[Kedua Belas Rasul]], dan saat [[Perjamuan Terakhir]], merupakan beberapa penggambaran yang paling penting. Pengambilan gambar film ini dilakukan di [[Italia]], semua percakapan menggunakan [[bahasa Aram]], [[bahasa Ibrani|Ibrani]] [[vernakular]], dan [[bahasa Latin|Latin]], beserta dengan [[sub judul]].<ref>{{cite web|title = The Jesuit Scholar Who Translated 'The Passion'|url = http://www.rense.com/general50/trans.htm|website = www.rense.com|accessdate = 2015-12-12}}</ref>
An event similar to the story of [[Saint Veronica]] is in this account, but the woman is named "Seraphia" in the cast list. Although it is one of the [[Stations of the Cross]], the story of Veronica wiping Jesus' brow with her veil on the [[Via Dolorosa]] is not present in the canonical gospels.
 
''The Passion of the Christ'' telah menjadi kontroversi dan mendapat berbagai ulasan beragam hingga yang positif, dengan beberapa kritikus mengklaim bahwa kekerasan ekstrem dalam film ini "mengaburkan pesannya".<ref name=EW /><ref name=tomatoes >{{cite web|url=http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/passion_of_the_christ/|title=The Passion of the Christ Movie Reviews, Pictures – Rotten Tomatoes|accessdate=2008-07-16|publisher=[[Rotten Tomatoes]]}}</ref><ref name=metacritic >{{cite web|url=http://www.metacritic.com/video/titles/passionofthechrist|title=Passion of the Christ, The (2004): Reviews|accessdate=2008-07-16|publisher=[[Metacritic]]}}</ref><ref name=Roger /> Film ini mengalami kesuksesan besar, memperoleh pendapatan kotor sebesar $612 juta selama penayangannya di bioskop.<ref name="BOM (alltime-world)">{{cite web|url=http://www.boxofficemojo.com/alltime/world/ |title=All Time Worldwide Box Office Grosses |publisher=[[Box Office Mojo]] |accessdate=2011-02-02}}</ref> ''The Passion of the Christ'' menjadi film keagamaan dengan pendapatan kotor tertinggi dan film bukan berbahasa Inggris dengan pendapatan kotor tertinggi sepanjang sejarah.<ref name="ncr">{{cite web |last=O'Neill |first=Eddie |title='The Passion of the Christ', a Decade Later |publisher=National Catholic Register |date=February 2, 2014 |url=http://www.ncregister.com/daily-news/the-passion-of-the-christ-a-decade-later/ |accessdate=July 31, 2014 |archive-date=2016-03-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303235124/http://www.ncregister.com/daily-news/the-passion-of-the-christ-a-decade-later/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref> Film ini juga mendapat tiga nominasi di [[Academy Awards ke-77]].
The movie ends with Jesus' resurrection and exit from the tomb, the holes in his hands from the nails visible as he walks.
-->
== Para pemeran dan kru ==
===Para pemeran===
{| class="wikitable"
! Aktor/Aktris
! Peran
|-
| [[Jim Caviezel]] || [[Yesus]]
|-
| [[Maia Morgenstern]] || [[Maria]]
|-
| [[Monica Bellucci]] || [[Maria Magdalena]]
|-
| [[Hristo Shopov]] || [[Pontius Pilatus]]
|-
| [[Mattia Sbragia]] || [[Kaifas]]
|-
| [[Rosalinda Celentano]] || [[Setan]]
|-
| Hristo Jivkov || [[Yohanes Rasul]]
|-
| Francesco DeVito || [[Santo Petrus]]
|-
| [[Luca Lionello]] || [[Yudas Iskariot]]
|-
| [[Claudia Gerini]] || [[Santa Prokula]]
|-
| Pietro "Pedro" Sarubbi || [[Barabas]]
|-
| [[Sergio Rubini]] || [[Santo Dismas]]
|-
| [[Francesco Cabras]] || [[Gestas]]
|-
| Toni Bertorelli || [[Annas ben Seth]]
|-
| Roberto Bestazoni || [[Malkus]]
|-
| Giovanni Capalbo || [[Kassius]]
|-
| Emilio De Marchi || Orang Romawi yang menghina
|-
|Roberto Visconti || Orang Romawi yang menghina
|-
|Lello Giulivo || Orang Romawi yang kasar
|-
|Abel Jafry || Pegawai Kuil kedua
|-
|Jarreth Merz || [[Simon dari Kirene]]
|-
|Matt Patresi || Janus
|-
|Fabio Sartor || [[Abenader]]
|-
|[[Luca De Dominicis]] || [[Herodes Antipas]]
|-
|Sabrina Impacciatore || [[Santa Veronika]]
|}
 
=== NotablePemeran crew ===
{{Div col}}
*[[Mel Gibson]] - sutradar, produser bersama, penulis skenario bersama
* [[Jim Caviezel]] sebagai [[Yesus Kristus]]
*[[Benedict Fitzgerald]] - penulis skenario bersama
* [[Maia Morgenstern]] sebagai [[Maria]]
*[[Caleb Deschanel]] - pengambilan gambar
* [[Hristo Zhivkov]] sebagai [[Yohanes]]
*[[Francesco Frigeri]] - perancang produksi
* [[Monica Bellucci]] sebagai [[Maria Magdalena]]
*[[John Debney]] - komposer
* [[Francesco De Vito]] sebagai [[Santo Petrus|Petrus]]
*Fr. [[William Fulco]] S.J. - menerjemahkan naskah ke dalam Bahasa Latin dan Bahasa Aramaic yang direka ulang.
* [[Mattia Sbragia]] sebagai [[Kayafas]]
* Fr. [[Jonathan Morris]] - Penasehat teologi selama masa produksi dan pemasaran film.
* [[Toni Bertorelli]] sebagai [[Hanas|Hanas bin Set]]
* [[Luca Lionello]] sebagai [[Yudas Iskariot]]
* [[Hristo Shopov]] sebagai [[Pontius Pilatus]]
* [[Rosalinda Celentano]] sebagai [[Setan]]
* [[Claudia Gerini]] sebagai [[Istri Pontius Pilatus|Claudia Procula]]
* Fabio Sartor sebagai Abenader
* [[Luca De Dominicis]] sebagai [[Herodes Antipas|Herodes Ántipas]]
* Chokri Ben Zagden sebagai [[Yakobus]]
* Jarreth Merz sebagai [[Simon dari Kirene]]
* [[Sergio Rubini]] sebagai [[Dismas]]
* [[Francesco Cabras]] sebagai [[Penyamun yang tidak bertobat|Gesmas]]
* Giovanni Capalbo sebagai [[Santo Longinus|Cassius]]
* Roberto Bestazoni sebagai [[Malkhus]]
* [[Sabrina Impacciatore]] sebagai [[Veronika|Serafia]]
* Pietro Sarubbi sebagai [[Barabas]]
* Matt Patresi sebagai [[Yanus]]
* Emilio De Marchi sebagai Prajurit Romawi 1 yang mencemooh
* Roberto Visconti sebagai Prajurit Romawi 2 yang mencemooh
* Lello Giulivo sebagai Prajurit Romawi yang brutal
* [[Ted Rusoff]] sebagai Kepala Tua-tua
{{Div col end}}
 
* Abel Jafri sebagai pegawai kuil
<!--
== Mel Gibson's role ==
To produce ''The Passion of the Christ'', [[Mel Gibson]] spent some forty to fifty million dollars of his money to finance and advertise it{{Fact|date=May 2008}}. Aside from being its co-producer and director, he is the co-screenplay writer with [[Benedict Fitzgerald]]. Given the strong Christian message, the very explicit violence, and the polyglot soundtrack (Aramaic, Latin, Hebrew), it was difficult to find an American distribution company; the film was completed before [[Newmarket Films]] agreed to release it in the U.S. Equinox Films was the Canadian distributor, and Icon Films the British and Australian distributor.
 
== Tema ==
In ''The Passion: Photography from the Movie "The Passion of the Christ"'', Gibson says:
Dalam ''The Passion: Photography from the Movie "The Passion of the Christ"'', [[Mel Gibson]] sebagai sutradara film ini mengatakan: "Ini adalah suatu film tentang [[kasih (kebajikan)|kasih]], [[harapan (kebajikan)|pengharapan]], [[Iman dalam Kekristenan|iman]], dan pengampunan. Ia [Yesus] wafat untuk semua umat manusia, menderita bagi kita semua. Sekarang saatnya untuk kembali ke pesan dasar tersebut. Dunia ini sudah gila. Kita semua dapat menggunakan sedikit lebih banyak cinta, iman, harapan, dan pemberian maaf."
 
== Materi sumber ==
<blockquote>This is a movie about love, hope, faith, and forgiveness. He [Jesus] died for all mankind, suffered for all of us. It's time to get back to that basic message. The world has gone nuts. We could all use a little more love, faith, hope, and forgiveness.</blockquote> -->
<!-- Are these part of one continuous quote or what? Someone clarify? -->
<!--<blockquote>It was me that put him on the cross. It was my sins [that put him there].</blockquote>
 
=== Perjanjian Baru ===
Gibson makes an appearance in the film, in close-up only: his hands nail Jesus to the cross.{{Fact|date=March 2008}}. He also appears as Jesus' feet and hands when he helps up Mary during the attempted stoning sequence.-->
Menurut Mel Gibson, sumber bahan utama untuk ''The Passion of the Christ'' adalah [[Kisah Sengsara (Kekristenan)|kisah sengsara Kristus]] dalam keempat [[Injil kanonik]]. Film ini mencakup peristiwa [[Yesus di Pengadilan Herodes|pengadilan Yesus di istana Herodes]], yang hanya ditemukan dalam [[Injil Lukas]]. Banyak perkataan Yesus dalam film ini yang tidak bersumber langsung pada Injil dan merupakan bagian dari suatu narasi Kristen yang lebih luas. Film ini juga bersumber dari bagian [[Perjanjian Baru]] yang lain. Kalimat yang diucapkan oleh Yesus dalam film ini, "Aku menjadikan segala sesuatu baru," dapat ditemukan dalam [[Kitab Wahyu]].<ref>{{cite book
| title = The Holy Bible, Book of Revelation 21:5 | url=http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Revelation%2021:5;&version=31}}</ref>
 
==Title= changesTanakh ===
''The Passion of the Christ'' juga merujuk pada [[Tanakh]]. Film ini dimulai dengan suatu [[epigraf (literatur)|epigraf]] dari [[Hamba yang Menderita#Nyanyian keempat|Nyanyian Keempat dari Hamba yang Menderita]] dalam [[Kitab Yesaya]].<ref>{{cite book | title=The Holy Bible, Book of Isaiah 53:5 | url=http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Isaiah%2053:5;&version=31}}</ref> Dalam rangkaian adegan pembuka di [[Taman Getsemani]], Yesus meremukkan kepala ular sebagai kiasan visual yang secara langsung merujuk pada [[Protevangelium|Kejadian 3:15]].<ref>{{cite book | title=The Holy Bible, Book of Genesis 3:15 | url=http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Genesis%203:15;&version=31}}</ref> Sepanjang film ini, Yesus mengambil kutipan-kutipan dari [[Kitab Mazmur]], selain hal-hal yang tercatat dalam [[Perjanjian Baru]].
On [[October 17]], [[2003]], Gibson's film production company announced the title of the film had been changed from ''The Passion'' to ''The Passion of Christ,'' because the title ''The Passion'' had already been trademarked by a different motion picture. This was then further amended to ''The Passion of the Christ''. The following week Gibson announced a distribution arrangement had been reached with the independent [[Newmarket Films]].
 
=== Cerita dan ikonografi menurut tradisi ===
==Promotion==
Banyak penggambaran dalam film ini yang mencerminkan representasi tradisi [[Kisah Sengsara (Kekristenan)|Kisah Sengsara]] dalam karya seni. Sebagai contoh, 14 stasi [[Jalan Salib]] merupakan pusat penggambaran [[Via Dolorosa]] dalam ''The Passion of the Christ''. Semua stasi atau perhentian tersebut tergambarkan dalam film ini, kecuali stasi ke-8 (Yesus menghibur perempuan-perempuan [[Yerusalem]] yang menangisi-Nya, suatu adegan yang dihapus di versi DVD) dan stasi ke-14 (Yesus dimakamkan). Gibson juga terinspirasi secara visual oleh representasi Yesus dalam [[Kain Kafan Turin]].<ref name="Urbancinefile" >{{cite web | last = Cooney Carrillo | first = Jenny | title = The Passion of Mel | publisher = Urbancinefile | date = February 26, 2004 | url = http://www.urbancinefile.com.au/home/view.asp?a=8559&s=Interviews }}{{Pranala mati|date=April 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
Gibson departed from the usual film marketing formula: a small-scale television advertising campaign, no press junkets, etc. [http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/thr/columns/grove_display.jsp?vnu_content_id=1000464071] Yet ''The Passion of the Christ'' was heavily promoted by many church groups, both within their organizations and to the general public, often giving away free tickets. The pre-release controversy about its alleged [[anti-Semitism]] helped sell it as well.
 
Atas saran aktris [[Maia Morgenstern]], [[Seder Paskah Yahudi]] dikutip di awal film. [[Maria]] bertanya, "Mengapa malam ini berbeda dengan malam-malam lainnya?", dan [[Maria Magdalena]] menjawab dengan tanggapan sebagaimana lazimnya: "Karena kita pernah menjadi budak dan [sekarang] kita bukan lagi budak".<ref>{{cite news | last = Abramowitz | first = Rachel | title = Along came Mary; Mel Gibson was sold on Maia Morgenstern for 'Passion' at first sight | publisher = [[Los Angeles Times]] | date = March 7, 2004 | url = http://articles.latimes.com/2004/mar/07/entertainment/ca-encounter7}}</ref>
Some [[Evangelicalism|evangelical]] Christians considered the film's release a crucial moment for [[evangelism]]. In 2004, [[Marta Poling-Goldenne]], Outreach Minister for the [[Evangelical Lutheran Church in America]] [[Grand Canyon Synod]] said in an e-mail to pastors:
 
Identifikasi Maria Magdalena dengan [[Yesus dan perempuan yang berzina|pezina yang diselamatkan oleh Yesus dari hukuman rajam]] memiliki beberapa preseden dalam tradisi, dan menurut sang sutradara hal ini dilakukan demi [[kebebasan artistik|alasan-alasan dramatis]]. Nama beberapa karakter dalam film ini adalah berdasarkan tradisi dan tidak terdapat dalam Kitab Suci, misalnya para penyamun yang disalibkan bersama dengan Kristus, yaitu [[Dismas]] dan [[Penyamun yang tidak bertobat|Gesmas]].
<blockquote>''Seize this mission moment, friends! [[God]] is providing "the best outreach opportunity in the last 2,000 years" for us to witness about the [[gospel]] story to people for whom it may be very unfamiliar or unknown.''{{citequote}}</blockquote>
 
=== Tulisan devosional Katolik ===
==Pre-release controversy==
Para penulis skenario film ini, Gibson dan [[Benedict Fitzgerald]], mengatakan bahwa mereka membaca banyak laporan mengenai Kisah Sengsara Kristus sebagai inspirasi, termasuk tulisan-tulisan [[Devosi Katolik|devosional]] dari para [[Mistisisme Kristen|mistikus]] Katolik Roma. Salah satu sumber utama yaitu ''Dukacita Sengsara Tuhan Kita Yesus Kristus'' yang berisi visiun-visiun (penglihatan) dari [[stigmata|stigmatis]] bernama [[Anna Katharina Emmerick]] (1774–1824) yang adalah seorang [[biarawati]] Jerman, sebagaimana ditulis oleh penyair bernama [[Clemens Brentano]].<ref name=Corl /><ref name="Garcia"/><ref name=Dimare /> Pembacaan dengan cermat atas buku Emmerick tersebut menunjukkan tingkat ketergantungan yang tinggi film ini padanya.<ref name="Corl"/><ref name="Garcia"/><ref>''Movies in American History: An Encyclopedia'' edited by Philip C. DiMare 2011 ISBN 1-59884-296-X page 909</ref>
Asked by [[Bill O’Reilly]] if his movie would "''upset Jews,''" Gibson responded, "''It's not meant to. I think it's meant to just tell the truth. I want to be as truthful as possible.''"<ref>[http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1101030127-409570,00.html The Passion of Mel Gibson]</ref> Accusations of anti-Semitism were fueled by news reports that Mel Gibson's father, [[Hutton Gibson]], denied the [[Holocaust]]. After [[Frank Rich]] of the ''[[New York Times]]'' wrote against the unreleased film and called Gibson's publicist a “[[Holocaust]] denier defender,” Gibson was overheard by ''[[The New Yorker]]'' telling his publicist, "I want to kill him. I want his intestines on a stick. I want to kill his dog."<ref name=usa2day> ''[http://www.usatoday.com/life/people/2006-07-31-gibson-remarks_x.htm Gibson's way with words]''; ''[[USA Today]]'' [[August 1]], [[2006]]; accessed [[August 3]]. 2006.</ref>
 
Bagaimanapun atribusi Clemens Brentano atas buku ''Dukacita Sengsara'' pada Emmerick telah menimbulkan perdebatan, dengan dugaan bahwa Brentano menulis sendiri kebanyakan isi buku tersebut; penyelidikan [[Takhta Suci|Vatikan]] menyimpulkan bahwa: "Benar-benar tidak yakin kalau {{interp|Emmerick|ia}} pernah menulisnya".<ref name=Anvil >Emmerich, Anne Catherine, and Clemens Brentano. ''The Dolorous Passion of Our Lord Jesus Christ''. Anvil Publishers, Georgia, 2005 pages 49–56</ref><ref name=CNSFeb2004 >John Thavis, ''Catholic News Service'' February 4, 2004: "Vatican confirms papal plans to beatify nun who inspired Gibson film" [http://www.catholicnews.com/data/stories/cns/20040616y.htm]</ref><ref name=CNSOct2004 >John Thavis, ''Catholic News Service'' October 4, 2004: "Pope beatifies five, including German nun who inspired Gibson film" [http://www.catholicnews.com/data/stories/cns/0405425.htm]</ref> Dalam ulasan terhadap film ini di suatu publikasi Katolik berjudul ''[[America (majalah Yesuit)|America]]'', seorang imam [[Yesuit]] bernama John O' Malley menggunakan istilah "fiksi kesalehan" dan "penipuan bermaksud baik" untuk menyebut tulisan-tulisan Clemens Brentano tersebut.<ref name=America /><ref name=Anvil />
On his decision to cut the [[blood curse]] scene in which [[Caiaphas]] says "''his blood be on us and on our children''" soon after [[Pontius Pilate]] washes his hands of Jesus, Gibson said in mid-2003:
:"''I wanted it in. My brother said I was wimping out if I didn't include it. But, man, if I included that in there, they'd be coming after me at my house. They'd come to kill me.''"<ref>[http://www.seethepassion.com/article.php?id=21 The Jesus War]</ref>
In 2004, he further commented:
:"''It's one little passage, and I believe it, but I don't and never have believed it refers to Jews, and implicates them in any sort of curse. It's directed at all of us, all men who were there, and all that came after. His blood is on us, and that's what Jesus wanted. But I finally had to admit that one of the reasons I felt strongly about keeping it, aside from the fact it's true, is that I didn't want to let someone else dictate what could or couldn't be said.''"<ref>Detroit Free Press, "Mel Gibson and Other "Passion" Filmakers say the Movie was Guided by Faith", by Terry Lawson, [[February 17]], [[2004]]</ref>
 
Di antara banyak elemen yang diambil dari ''Dukacita Sengsara'' misalnya adegan tergantungnya Yesus di sebuah jembatan setelah Ia ditangkap oleh para penjaga Bait Allah, penyiksaan Yudas oleh roh-roh jahat setelah ia menyerahkan Yesus kepada [[Sanhedrin]], penyekaan darah Yesus setelah Ia didera, dan dislokasi bahu Yesus sehingga telapak tangan-Nya dapat dipaku pada lubang yang telah disiapkan.<ref name=dolorous />
==Statistics==
*Production budget: $25,000,000
*Prints and advertising budget: $10,000,000
*Domestic gross: $370,800,000
*Worldwide gross: $610,000,000
 
== Perbedaan dengan Kisah Sengsara menurut tradisi ==
*The ''Passion of the Christ'' soundtrack (original score by [[John Debney]]) was the top-selling CD in the U.S. during the first three weeks of the film's release.{{Fact|date=July 2007}}
Elemen-elemen tertentu ''The Passion of the Christ'' tidak memiliki preseden dalam penggambaran awal [[Kisah Sengsara (Kekristenan)|Kisah Sengsara]]. Dalam adegan di [[Taman Getsemani]] pada permulaan film ini, [[Iblis dalam Kekristenan|Setan]] tampil dan berupaya untuk mengalihkan perhatian Yesus yang sedang ber[[doa]]. Yesus kemudian meremukkan seekor ular dengan tumit-Nya (hal ini merujuk pada [[protevangelium]], Kejadian 3:15 – suatu nubuat mengenai [[Mesias]]); peristiwa ini tidak terdapat dalam Injil mana pun. Contoh lainnya yaitu [[Yudas Iskariot]] disiksa oleh anak-anak yang ditampilkan padanya sebagai roh-roh jahat. Film ini memberi penekanan pada kerapuhan hubungan antara [[Tiberius|Tiberius Caesar]] dengan [[Pontius Pilatus]] dalam percakapan Pilatus dengan [[Istri Pontius Pilatus|istrinya]] mengenai perintah imperial untuk menghindari pemberontakan lanjutan Yudea. Film ini juga secara jelas mengidentifikasi [[Simon dari Kirene]] sebagai orang Yahudi, kendati [[Injil Sinoptik]] hanya menginformasikan nama dan tempat asalnya. Dalam film ini, seorang prajurit Romawi mengejek Simon (yang membantu memikul salib Yesus) dengan secara ketus menyebutnya ''Yahudi''. Sebaliknya, Simon dideskripsikan sebagai seorang [[pagan]] dalam ''Dukacita Sengsara Tuhan Kita Yesus Kristus''.<ref name=dolorous /> Perbedaan utama lainnya yang sering luput dari perhatian adalah tulisan [[INRI]] di kayu salib Yesus yang hanya tertulis dalam dua bahasa (namun menempati tiga baris), bukannya tiga bahasa sebagaimana disebutkan dalam Injil.
 
Adegan-adegan unik lainnya dalam film ini misalnya salah seorang penyamun, yang disalibkan bersama Yesus dan mengejek-Nya, matanya dipatuk seekor burung gagak, serta kilas balik sosok Yesus sebagai seorang tukang kayu yang membuatkan sebuah meja tinggi berkaki empat untuk seorang [[Kekaisaran Romawi|Romawi]]. Adegan Setan menggendong bayi jahat saat Yesus didera ditafsirkan sebagai suatu pemutarbalikan dari penggambaran [[Madonna (karya seni)|Madonna dan Sang Putra]] menurut tradisi. Gibson mendeskripsikan adegan itu sebagai berikut:
==Commercial success==
After months of controversy that led to more pre-release sales than any film in history, the movie opened in the [[United States]] on [[February 25]], [[2004]] ([[Ash Wednesday]], the beginning of [[Lent]]). It earned $25 million per day in its first five days of release and in short order became the highest-grossing [[MPAA film rating system|R-rated]] film in North America. In spite of the criticism, the movie grossed $604,370,943 ($370,270,943 in the United States alone) and is currently the thirty-seventh highest-grossing film worldwide and the highest-grossing R-rated film of all time in North America.[http://www.imbd.com] Despite this, the film went without any significant recognition by the major American film award celebrations, although it was nominated for three [[Academy Award]]s: [[Academy Award for Original Music Score|Best Original Score]] (music), [[Best Cinematography]], and [[Academy Award for Makeup|Best Makeup]].
 
<blockquote>Adalah kejahatan yang memutarbalikkan apa yang baik. Apakah yang lebih lembut dan indah daripada seorang ibu dan seorang anak? Jadi [[Iblis dalam Kekristenan|Iblis]] menggunakan [gambaran] itu dan sedikit memutarbalikkannya. Alih-alih seorang ibu normal dan anak, Anda melihat seorang figur [[androgini]] sedang memegang seorang 'bayi' berusia 40 tahun dengan rambut di punggungnya. Ini aneh, ini mengejutkan, ini hampir-hampir terlalu berlebihan – sama seperti membalikkan [tubuh] Yesus untuk terus menyesah Dia di dada-Nya adalah mengejutkan dan hampir-hampir terlalu berlebihan, yang merupakan saat tepat untuk menampilkan [adegan] Iblis dan sang bayi ini.<ref>{{cite news | last = Moring | first = Mark | title = What's Up With the Ugly Baby? | publisher = ''[[Christianity Today]]'' | date=March 1, 2004 | url = http://www.christianitytoday.com/movies/news/040301-passion.html | accessdate = 2008-08-20 |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20080709113146/http://www.christianitytoday.com/movies/news/040301-passion.html |archivedate = July 9, 2008}}</ref></blockquote>
===Home video===
On [[August 31]], [[2004]], the film was released on [[DVD]], [[VHS]], and later [[D-VHS]] in North America. As with the original theatrical release, the film's release on home video formats proved to be very popular. Early reports indicated that over 2.4 million copies of the film were sold by the middle of the day. The film was available on DVD with [[English language|English]] and [[Spanish language|Spanish]] [[subtitles]], and on [[VHS]] tape with English subtitles.
 
===Re-release= Produksi ==
An edited version titled ''The Passion Recut'' was released on [[March 11]], [[2005]], with five minutes of the most explicit violence deleted to broaden the audience for the film. However, it failed commercially — screening in only 950 North American cinemas, averaging 10 viewers per screen — and was quickly removed from circulation. Despite the deletions, the [[Motion Picture Association of America]] deemed the film too violent to rate [[PG-13]], so Gibson released it unrated. This limited the film's commercial appeal because most cinema owners refuse to show unrated films; others did not show ''The Passion Recut'' because the original version was already available on [[DVD]] and [[VHS]].
 
=== Naskah dan bahasa ===
"''Exhibitors can decide for themselves how they want to handle the situation,''" Berney said. "''Some may choose to still treat it as an 'R' and not let teens see it, unless accompanied by adults. Others may be willing to treat it as a 'PG-13'. The film is still probably too intense for children, but Mel hoped to make it more available for pre-teens.''"
Gibson awalnya mengumumkan bahwa ia akan menggunakan dua bahasa lama tanpa [[sub judul]] dan hanya mengandalkan "penceritaan filmis". Karena cerita [[Kisah Sengsara (Kekristenan)|Sengsara]] telah sedemikian terkenal, Gibson merasa perlu menghindari bahasa-bahasa [[vernakular]] untuk memberi kejutan kepada penonton: "Saya pikir hampir-hampir kontraproduktif jika mengucapkan beberapa hal ini dalam suatu [[bahasa modern]]. Membuat Anda ingin berdiri dan meneriakkan kalimat berikutnya, seperti ketika Anda mendengar 'Jadi atau tidak' dan secara naluriah Anda berkata kepada diri sendiri, 'Itulah pertanyaannya.{{'"}}<ref>{{cite news| url= http://www.zenit.org/article-6723?l=english| title= Mel Gibson's Great Passion| publisher= Zenit| date= March 6, 2003| access-date= 2016-07-09| archive-date= 2009-08-15| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20090815141913/http://www.zenit.org/article-6723?l=english| dead-url= yes}}</ref> Naskah film ditulis dalam bahasa Inggris oleh Gibson dan [[Benedict Fitzgerald]], kemudian [[terjemahan|diterjemahkan]] oleh [[William Fulco]], S.J., seorang profesor di [[Universitas Loyola Marymount]], ke dalam [[bahasa Latin]] dan [[bahasa Ibrani|Ibrani]] yang direkonstruksi. Gibson memilih menggunakan bahasa Latin daripada [[bahasa Yunani]] karena bahasa Latin adalah [[lingua franca]] di bagian [[Kekaisaran Romawi]] tersebut pada saat itu, dan tidak ada referensi yang menyebutkan kalau [[bahasa Yunani Koine]] digunakan di wilayah tersebut. Bahasa Yunani sehari-hari yang digunakan di wilayah [[Levant]] kuno pada zaman Yesus bukan merupakan bahasa Yunani sebenarnya yang digunakan dalam Kitab Suci.<ref>'Msgr. Charles Pope' {{cite web | url=http://blog.adw.org/2012/05/a-hidden-mysterious-and-much-debated-word-in-the-our-father/' |title=A Hidden, Mysterious, and Much Debated Word in the Our Father}}</ref> Fulco terkadang memasukkan kesalahan-kesalahan yang disengaja dalam berbagai pelafalan dan akhiran kata ketika karakter-karakter berbicara bahasa yang asing bagi mereka, dan beberapa bahasa kasar yang digunakan oleh para prajurit Romawi tidak diterjemahkan dalam teks ([[sub judul]]).<ref>{{cite web | url= http://www.languagehat.com/archives/001196.php| title= Translating the passion| publisher=Language Hat | date=March 8, 2004}}</ref>
 
=== Pengambilan gambar ===
===International box office===
[[Berkas:Cittadimatera1.jpg|jmpl|200px|Kota tua [[Matera]]]]
The movie has had mixed success outside the United States. Although as of [[May 8]], [[2008]], it has the 37th highest all-time worldwide gross of any film ($604,370,943) [http://www.imdb.com].
This is not the result of a lack of interest in countries without Christian majorities, as its success in many Christian-majority countries has also been less than stellar. The film was banned in several countries, including Israel, as well as some Muslim nations.
For example, it did not make the top-100 all time UK box office list as of [[January 18]], [[2005]] [http://movies.nytimes.com/indexes/2005/01/18/movies/boxoffice/alltime_uk/] and its position as of [[October 31]], [[2004]] stood at 132nd [http://www.moviemarshal.com/boxuk.html]. As of [[March 2]], [[2005]], it held the 116th position in Australia [http://www.moviemarshal.com/boxaus1.html] or the 294th position in the adjusted list [http://www.moviemarshal.com/boxaus2-adjusted.html].
 
Film ini diproduksi secara [[film independen|independen]] dan syuting dilakukan di [[Italia]] – terutama dalam [[Cinecittà|Studio Cinecittà]] di [[Roma]], di kota tua [[Matera]], dan di kota hantu [[Craco]] ([[Basilicata]]).<ref name="Reeves (2011)">{{cite web| last = Reeves| first = Tony| title = The Passion of the Christ film locations| publisher = The Worldwide Guide To Movie Locations| date = February 2, 2012| url = http://www.movie-locations.com/movies/p/Passion_Of_The_Christ.html| accessdate = February 18, 2012| archive-date = 2013-01-16| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130116205157/http://www.movie-locations.com/movies/p/Passion_Of_The_Christ.html| dead-url = yes}}</ref> Biaya produksi yang diperkirakan sebesar US$30 juta, ditambah dengan biaya pemasaran yang diperkirakan sebesar $15 juta, ditanggung sepenuhnya oleh Gibson dan perusahaannya, [[Icon Productions]]. Film ini dirilis pada hari [[Rabu Abu]] tanggal 25 Februari 2004. [[Motion Picture Association of America]] memberi rating "R" (''Restricted'' atau ada batasan bagi yang ingin menontonnya) karena terdapat "rangkaian kekerasan grafis". [[Icon Productions|Icon Entertainment]] mendistribusikan versi bioskop film ini, dan [[20th Century Fox]] mendistribusikan versinya dalam media VHS/DVD/Blu-ray.
As of [[November 22]], [[2004]], it was below the 140th position in the German all-time box office [http://www.moviemarshal.com/boxgerm.html] and as of [[August 10]], [[2004]], it was below the 121st position in the French all-time box office [http://www.moviemarshal.com/boxfran.html]. The figures suggest its position in both countries would be quite a bit lower than the lowest listed positions [http://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=intl&id=passionofthechrist.htm].
The movie was reported by the ''[[Christian Science Monitor]]'' [http://www.csmonitor.com/2004/0409/p01s02-wome.html] to have been a great success in the [[Muslim world]]. For example, it was the top-grossing movie for three consecutive weeks in [[Egypt]] [http://www.boxofficemojo.com/intl/egypt/2004/], [[Lebanon]] [http://www.boxofficemojo.com/intl/lebanon/2004/], and [[Turkey]] [http://www.boxofficemojo.com/intl/turkey/2004/], and also for two consecutive weeks in [[United Arab Emirates]] [http://www.boxofficemojo.com/intl/uae/]. It also broke the record for the top-grossing opening week for a foreign movie in Egypt [http://www.boxofficemojo.com/intl/egypt/2004/13.htm] and as of February 21, 2005, was 11th in all-time Egyptian box office earnings for foreign films [http://www.boxofficemojo.com/intl/alltime/egypt.htm].
 
Gibson berkonsultasi dengan beberapa penasihat [[teologi]]s selama pengambilan gambar, termasuk Pastor [[Jonathan Morris]]. Saat syuting, asisten sutradara Jan Michelini disambar [[petir]] dua kali. Beberapa menit kemudian, [[Jim Caviezel]] juga terkena sambaran petir.<ref>{{cite news|last=Susman|first=Gary|title=Charged Performance|url=http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,525927,00.html|accessdate=March 31, 2013|work=Entertainment Weekly|date=October 24, 2003}}{{Pranala mati|date=November 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Ross|first=Scott|title=Behind the Scenes of 'The Passion' with Jim Caviezel|url=http://www.cbn.com/700club/guests/interviews/scottross-jim_caviezel_2.aspx|accessdate=March 31, 2013}}</ref><ref name="bbc-lightning">{{cite news|title=Jesus actor struck by lightning |work=BBC News |date=October 23, 2003 |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/3209223.stm |accessdate=April 14, 2013}}</ref>
===The ''Definitive Edition'' DVD===
Although the original DVD release of ''The Passion of The Christ'' sold well, it contained no extra materials other than soundtrack language selections. The no-frills edition provoked speculation about when a [[special edition]] would be released. On [[January 30]] [[2007]], a two-disc Definitive Edition of ''The Passion of The Christ'' was released in the [[United States|American]] markets, and [[March 26]] elsewhere. It contains several [[Documentary film|documentaries]], [[soundtrack]] [[Audio commentary|commentaries]], [[deleted scene]]s, [[outtake]]s, the [[2005]] [[Re-edited film|re-edited]] version, and the original [[2004]] theatrical version.
 
==Source= materialMusik ===
Tiga album dirilis melalui kerjasama dengan [[Mel Gibson]]: (1) [[The Passion of the Christ (soundtrack)|soundtrack film]] berupa musik orkestra orisinal gubahan [[John Debney]] dengan [[Nick Ingman]] sebagai konduktornya; (2) ''[[The Passion of the Christ: Songs]]'', karya produser [[Mark Joseph (produser)|Mark Joseph]] dan Tim Cook, dengan komposisi orisinal karya berbagai artis; (3) ''The Passion of the Christ: Songs Inspired By''. Masing-masing dari kedua album pertama meraih [[GMA Dove Award]] 2005, dan soundtrack film ini juga meraih nominasi [[Academy Award]] kategori [[Musik Orisinal Terbaik (Oscar)|Musik Orisinal Terbaik]].
Collectively, the Gospels are not a unique narrative of the Passion of the Christ. According to John, [[Sanhedrin]] aides arrested Jesus, and only Annas and Caiaphas interrogated him, without benefit of trial.
 
Suatu musik pendahuluan digubah dan direkam oleh [[Lisa Gerrard]] dan [[Patrick Cassidy (komposer)|Patrick Cassidy]], namun tidak terselesaikan saat film dirilis. [[Jack Lenz]] merupakan peneliti musik utama dan termasuk salah satu komponis soundtrack film ini;<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.jacklenz.com/index.htm | title=Jack Lenz Bio | publisher=JackLenz.com | access-date=2008-08-13 | archive-date=2015-10-17 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151017050224/http://www.jacklenz.com/index.htm | dead-url=yes }}</ref> beberapa klip dari komposisinya diposkan secara daring.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.jacklenz.com/clips.htm |title=Clips of Musical Compositions by Jack Lenz | publisher=JackLenz.com}}</ref>
Director Gibson intended fidelity to the [[New Testament]], yet expanded the screenplay by making use of additional sources. The principal, most controversial source is [http://www.jesus-passion.com/DOLOROUS_PASSION_OF_OUR_LORD_JESUS_CHRIST.htm The Dolorous Passion of Our Lord Jesus Christ] the meditations of the [[stigmatic]], [[Germany|German]] nun [[Beatification|Blessed]] [[Anne Catherine Emmerich]] (1774–1824), as told to the poet [[Clemens Brentano]]. Her vision of Christ’s Passion depicts certain Jews as more vicious and bloodthirsty than the [[Roman Empire|Romans]] ruling [[Judaea]]. A secondary, extra-biblical source is ''The Mystical City of God'' by [[Maria de Agreda]] (1602–1665), a 17th century Spanish nun, and some imagined sequences.
 
== Pasca produksi ==
Many critics noted that the costumes worn by the [[Blessed Virgin]] ([[Maia Morgenstern]]) and [[Mary Magdalene]] ([[Monica Bellucci]]) resemble the [[Religious habit|habit]] of the [[Augustinian Order]] nuns, in homage to Emmerich.
 
=== Perubahan judul ===
Timothy K. Beal, a professor of religion at [[Case Western Reserve University]], writes in an essay in ''[[The Chronicle of Higher Education]]'' that ''The Passion of the Christ'' is based primarily on the Gospel of John -- and that this is one of the reasons why the film usually draws strongly positive reactions from Christians and strongly negative reactions from non-Christians. The Gospel of John "''is an insider text, full of ironies that outsiders just don't get,''" Beal writes. "''Its Jesus repeatedly baffles those not part of his inner circle of 'friends' -- above all, the Jews -- with his teachings, which focus predominantly on his own identity as the [[incarnation]] of God, the way, the truth, and the life. His explanations only bewilder and alienate others but are eminently clear to his disciples and the Gospel's readers, who have the necessary gnosis.''"
Meskipun Mel Gibson berkeinginan untuk menyebut filmnya ''The Passion'', pada tanggal 16 Oktober 2003 juru bicaranya mengumumkan bahwa judul yang digunakan di Amerika Serikat akan menjadi ''The Passion of Christ'' karena [[Miramax|Miramax Films]] telah mendaftarkan judul ''The Passion'' dengan [[Motion Picture Association of America|MPPA]] untuk novel tahun 1987 karya [[Jeanette Winterson]].<ref>{{cite news | last = Susman | first = Gary | title = Napoleon Branding | publisher = "Entertainment Weekly" | date = October 16, 2004 | url = http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,519051,00.html | accessdate = 2008-08-16 | archive-date = 2008-12-22 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20081222221926/http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,519051,00.html | dead-url = yes }}</ref> Belakangan judulnya diganti lagi menjadi ''The Passion of the Christ'' untuk semua pasar.
 
=== Distribusi dan pemasaran ===
''The Passion of the Christ'' "''is something of a filmic version of John's Gospel in this respect,''" Beal writes. "''It works the same way on its viewers that the Gospel of John does on its readers, bringing insiders together and affirming their special knowledge while snubbing the rest. It makes little effort to help them 'get it.' Those who know the truth see it, it seems to be saying, and those who don't can't.''"<ref>Beal, Timothy K. (2004). [http://chronicle.com/weekly/v50/i28/28b01401.htm "'The Passion': They Know Not What They Watch"]. ''The Chronicle of Higher Education.'' Retrieved November 23, 2007.</ref>
Gibson memulai produksi filmnya tanpa mengamankan pendanaan ataupun distribusi dari luar. Pada tahun 2002, ia menjelaskan mengapai ia tidak dapat memperoleh dukungan dari studio-studio [[Hollywood]]: "Ini adalah sebuah film tentang sesuatu yang tak seorang pun ingin menyentuhnya, difilmkan dalam dua bahasa mati. Di Los Angeles mereka pikir saya gila, dan mungkin demikian."<ref>{{cite news | url= http://www.allbusiness.com/services/motion-pictures/4866159-1.html| title= Gibson To Direct Christ Tale With Caviezel As Star| author= Nick Vivarelli| publisher=The Hollywood Reporter | date=September 23, 2002| accessdate=2008-10-20}}</ref> Gibson dan perusahaan [[Icon Productions]] miliknya merupakan satu-satunya dukungan untuk film ini, menghabiskan sekitar $30 juta untuk biaya produksi dan sekitar $15 juta untuk pemasarannya.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.forbes.com/2004/03/03/cx_pp_0303mel.html | title=What Mel's Passion Will Earn Him | publisher=Forbes.com | date=March 3, 2004 | last=Patsuris | first=Penelope}}</ref> Setelah tuduhan-tuduhan awal terkait [[antisemitisme]], sulit bagi Gibson untuk mendapatkan suatu perusahaan distribusi Amerika Serikat. [[20th Century Fox]] memiliki kesempatan pertama untuk mendistribusikan film ini dan, menanggapi protes publik, kemudian melewatkan kesempatan itu.<ref name=FOXpass>{{cite news |url=http://articles.latimes.com/2003/aug/30/entertainment/et-quick30.2| title= Fox passes on Gibson's 'The Passion'| publisher=Los Angeles Times | date=October 22, 2004| accessdate=2008-08-30}}</ref> Untuk menghindari penolakan film ini dari studio lain dan menghindari distributornya menerima kritikan publik yang intens sebagaimana telah ia terima, sehingga berpotensi menjadi tontonan khalayak ramai, Gibson memutuskan untuk mendistibusikan sendiri film ini di Amerika Serikat, dengan [[Newmarket Films]].<ref>{{cite news | url= http://articles.latimes.com/2003/oct/22/business/fi-mel22| title= Gibson to Market 'Christ' on His Own, Sources Say| last=Horn | first=John| publisher=Los Angeles Times | date=October 22, 2004| accessdate=2008-10-20}}</ref>
 
Gibson meninggalkan formula pemasaran film yang biasa digunakan. Ia menggunakan suatu kampanye iklan telvisi skala kecil tanpa acara-acara yang berkaitan dengan pers.<ref name="msnbc-cobb">{{cite web|url=http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/4374411 |title=Marketing 'The Passion of the Christ' | publisher=MSNBC.com |last=Cobb |first=Jerry |date=February 25, 2004}}</ref> ''The Passion of the Christ'' dipromosikan secara besar-besaran oleh banyak kelompok gereja, baik di dalam organisasi mereka maupun kepada publik.<ref name="maresco">{{cite web |url=http://www.usask.ca/relst/jrpc/art8-melgibsonmarketing.html |title=Mel Gibson's The Passion of the Christ: Market Segmentation, Mass Marketing and Promotion, and the Internet |publisher=[[Journal of Religion and Popular Culture]] |last=Maresco |first=Peter A. |date=Fall 2004 |access-date=2016-07-11 |archive-date=2008-07-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080705045347/http://www.usask.ca/relst/jrpc/art8-melgibsonmarketing.html |dead-url=yes }}</ref> [[Gereja Metodis]] menyatakan bahwa banyak anggotanya, sama seperti umat Kristen lainnya, merasa kalau film ini merupakan salah satu cara yang baik untuk melakukan [[Penginjilan|pewartaan]].<ref name="UMNS">{{cite web|url = http://archives.umc.org/interior.asp?ptid=1&mid=3316| title = Many churches look to 'Passion' as evangelism tool|publisher = [[United Methodist Church]]|accessdate = 2009-06-07}}</ref> Akibatnya banyak jemaat yang ambil bagian di bioskop-bioskop, beberapa di antaranya menyiapkan meja untuk menjawab pertanyaan-pertanyaan dan melakukan pelayanan [[Doa Kristen|doa]].<ref name="UMNS"/> John Tanner, seorang pastor Gereja Metodis dari [[Hampton Cove, Huntsville|Hampton Cove]], [[Alabama]], mengatakan: "Mereka merasa film ini menyajikan suatu kesempatan unik untuk berbagi Kekristenan dengan cara yang dengannya masyarakat publik dapat mengidentifikasinya."<ref name="UMNS"/>
===Differences from the New Testament===
Several theologians note that ''The Passion of the Christ'' significantly departs from its New Testament source. The reasons for the discrepancy, when known, vary, but tend to either reflect Gibson's personal belief, common or traditional representations, or [[artistic license]].
 
=== Dukungan kalangan Evangelikal ===
* In the Garden of Gethsemane, Jesus crushes a serpent's head in allusion to [[Genesis]] [http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Genesis%203:15;&version=31; 3:15] and the ''Protoevangelion''. [http://www.answersingenesis.org/docs2/4262apol_v2-1994.asp#OldTestament]
''The Passion of the Christ'' memperoleh dukungan kuat dari komunitas [[Evangelikal]] atau Injili di Amerika Serikat.<ref name="pauley">{{cite book|last1=Pauley |first1=John L. |last2=King |first2=Amy |editor=Robert H. Woods |title=Evangelical Christians and Popular Culture |volume=1 |publisher=Praeger Publishing |location=Westport |date=2013 |pages=36–51 |isbn=978-0313386541}}</ref> Sebelum film ini dirilis, Gibson secara aktif melakukan pendekatan kepada para pemimpin komunitas tersebut untuk mendapatkan dukungan dan masukan dari mereka.<ref name="pauley-38">Pawley, p. 38.</ref> Dengan bantuan mereka, Gibson mengorganisir dan menghadiri serangkaian penayangan prarilis bagi para pemirsa Evangelikal, membahas pembuatan film ini dan keyakinan personalnya.
* A Temple guard, sent to arrest Jesus in the Garden, drops and suspends him from a small bridge; this is from ''The Dolorous Passion of our Lord Jesus Christ'', Chapter 3.
* Judas Iscariot's suicide is provoked by children whose faces metamorphose, revealing them as demons. [[Acts of the Apostles|Acts]] 1:16–19 says he fell headlong and was disemboweled [http://www.carm.org/diff/Matt27_3.htm]; [[Anne Catherine Emmerich]] in ''The Dolorous Passion of Our Lord Jesus Christ'' (Chapter 14), says he fled as if a thousand furies were at his heel, and that Satan was beside him, provoking despair; and [[Matthew's Gospel]] 27:3–8 says Judas hanged himself.
* Some{{Who?}} Jews oppose the absence of the [[Sanhedrin]] [[quorum]], challenging the trial's legitimacy, implying that the priests are treating Jesus illegally. Emmerich, Chapter 13, mentions similar events.
* When Jesus first appears before the Pontius Pilate, Roman Governor of Judea, the man he sees is bloodied. He asks the Sanhedrin if they customarily beat prisoners ''before'' trial, says Emmerich in Chapter 17.
* King [[Herod Antipas]] is [[effeminate]], a stereotype common to [[Middle Ages|medieval]] [[Passion play]]s; not so in the Gospels nor in [[Josephus]]'s accounts, wherein he is a womanizer. There is a mention of a feminine version of Herod in Luke 13:32 as Christ's description of him as a "fox", using a feminine word in the original Greek.
* [[Mary Magdalene]], is the adulteress saved from [[stoning]] by Jesus. Her being the prototypical adulteress is neither Biblically supported nor affirmed by any Catholic dogma. Contemporary scholars argue that the [[pericope adulterae|adulterous woman passage]] is extra-biblical, hence a contentious subject among [[Traditionalist Catholics]] and others, within and without the Church.
* [[Pontius Pilate]] discusses with his [[Saint Procula|wife]] his fragile relationship with [[Tiberius|Tiberius Caesar]], emphasizing imperial orders to avert Judean revolts, says Emmerich, Chapter 19. Matthew mentions only a message from Pilate’s wife, delivered while he hears the Christ case.
* Caiaphas answers Pilate's questions: ''What shall I do with this man?'', et cetera, yet the Gospels only say his queries were answered by "the chief priests" and "the crowd" and "the Jews".{{dubious}}
* [[Barabbas]] is called a murderer; the Gospels have different accounts of his criminal identity. {{bibleref|Matthew|27:16}}, John 18:40 identifies him as a robber, and Mark 15:7 and Luke 23:19 have him imprisoned for rioting and murder{{Verify source|date=July 2008}} during the insurrection. Acts 3:14, written by Luke, identifies Barabbas as a murderer.
* During the [[scourging]], Jesus is nearly [[Flaying|flayed]] alive; the gospels (Matthew 27:26, Mark 15:15, John 19:1), say only that he was scourged. However, Gibson placed the {{bibleref|Isaiah|53:5}} passage at the very beginning of the film, which is a Messianic prophecy; just before that, in Isaiah 52:14, Scripture states "His appearance was marred more than any man, and His form more than the sons of men." (NASB translation)
* After the scourging, the Marys wipes Jesus' blood off the courtyard floor with towels given to them by Pilate’s wife, per Emmerich, Chapter 23.
* On the [[Via Dolorosa]], Jesus is whipped by a soldier. This is from the traditional artistic depiction of the [[Stations of the Cross]].
* A soldier debases [[Simon of Cyrene]] (who helped Jesus bear the cross), by calling him ''Jew'' (derisively). Only Simon’s name, place of origin, and his helping Jesus are in all three [[Synoptic Gospels]], per Emmerich, Chapter 36.
* On the [[Via Dolorosa]], the image of Jesus' face is imprinted onto [[Veronica's Veil]], an extra-biblical event that is per Roman Catholic tradition; Emmerich, in Chapter 34, includes Veronica offering a drink to Jesus.
* On the Via Dolorosa, Jesus falls thrice under the weight of the cross; Mary aids and comforts him. This extra-biblical event is derived from the [[Stations of the Cross]] and is not found in the Gospels; Simon's Roman compulsion to help Christ bear the cross is from the Gospel{{Fact|date=July 2008}}. Emmerich describes seven falls and the encounters with Mary, in chapters 31–36.
* When Jesus’ right arm does not reach a hole for the nail, a soldier dislocates it from the shoulder by pulling it with a rope until the palm reaches the hole, per Emmerich, Chapter 38.
* The names of the thieves crucified alongside the Christ, [[Dismas]] and Gesmas (also [[Gestas]]), are traditional, but extra-Scriptural, per Emmerich, Chapter 43, and the apocryphal ''[[Acts of Pilate]]'', aka the ''[[Gospel of Nicodemus]]''.
* The crucified thief who mocked Jesus mercilessly has his eye pecked out by a [[crow]].
* In a flashback, Jesus being a carpenter, builds a somewhat modern, elevated, four-legged table for a [[Roman Empire|Roman]] customer. Mary tells him "it will never catch on". This scene was possibly included to provide some sort of "comic relief" to balance out the ultra-tense moments in the movie. This also gave rise to the incorrect rumor{{Verify source|date=July 2008}} that that the movie depicts Jesus "inventing" the table.
* Caiaphas and his aides watch Christ's scourging{{Fact|date=July 2008}}.
* Satan is shown rousing the [[rabble]] to shout: "Crucify him! Crucify him!"{{Fact|date=July 2008}}
* Satan is shown carrying a baby [[Demon]] during Christ’s flogging. Mel Gibson is [http://www.christianitytoday.com/movies/news/040301-passion.html reported to have said] <blockquote>it's evil distorting what’s good. What is more tender and beautiful than a mother and a child? So the Devil takes that and distorts it just a little bit. Instead of a normal mother and child you have an androgynous figure holding a 40-year-old ‘baby’ with hair on his back. It is weird, it is shocking, it's almost too much – just like turning Jesus over to continue scourging him on his chest is shocking and almost too much, which is the exact moment when this appearance of the Devil and the baby takes place.</blockquote>
* The earthquake described by the Gospel of Matthew split open the [[Second Temple|Temple]] structure down its center, yet the Gospels report that only the curtain dividing the [[Holy of Holies]] from the rest of the Temple was torn apart. The [[Gospel of the Ebionites]], a theologically deviant{{dubious}}{{Fact|date=July 2008}}{{Verify source|date=July 2008}} version of Matthew's Gospel, reports that the Temple's lintel split.
 
== Critical perceptionsRilis ==
===Anti-Semitism===
The Jewish organization [[Anti-Defamation League]] (ADL) considers ''The Passion of the Christ'' religiously controversial; worrying that the movie was collectively blaming the Jews for the death of Jesus and thus stokes contemporary [[anti-Semitism]].<ref>[http://www.amazon.com/dp/B0001NM7W0 Amazon.com: ABC Primetime - Mel Gibson's Passion: Diane Sawyer,Mel Gibson: Movies & TV<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> The [[National Socialist Front]] has launched a campaign, which defends [[Mel Gibson]] over the criticism he received by [[Abraham Foxman]] for making the movie.<ref>{{cite web
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|title = The Passion of the Christ - NSF
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=== Box office ===
A year before the film's release there was much impassioned controversy about whether or not ''The Passion of the Christ'' is as historically anti-Semitic as are most passion plays and so would incite anti-Semitism {{Fact|date=May 2007}}. The ADL of [[B'nai B'rith]] wrote to director Mel Gibson, expressing its fear that Gibson's version may unintentionally do so.
Penayangan perdana ''The Passion of the Christ'' di Amerika Serikat dilakukan pada tanggal 25 Februari 2004 ([[Rabu Abu]], awal Masa [[Prapaskah]]). Film ini mendapatkan $83.848.082 pada akhir pekan pembukaannya, membuatnya meraih peringkat 4 dalam penghasilan akhir pekan pembukaan di dalam negeri untuk tahun 2004. Secara keseluruhan film ini meraih pendapatan $370.782.930 di Amerika Serikat,<ref name="BOM">{{cite web|url=http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=passionofthechrist.htm |title=The Passion of the Christ (2004) |publisher=[[Box Office Mojo]] |accessdate=2009-02-05}}</ref> dan tetap menjadi film dengan rating "R" yang berpenghasilan kotor tertinggi dalam sejarah Amerika Serikat.<ref name="mojo-top-r">{{cite web|title=Domestic Grosses by MPAA Rating |publisher=Box Office Mojo |url=http://www.boxofficemojo.com/alltime/domestic/mpaa.htm?page=R&p=.htm |accessdate=August 6, 2014}}</ref> Diperkirakan 59.625.500 tiket film ini terjual di Amerika Serikat saat tayangan awalnya di bioskop.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=passionofthechrist.htm&adjust_yr=1&p=.htm|title=The Passion of the Christ (2004) |publisher=[[Box Office Mojo]] |accessdate=2016-05-30}}</ref>
 
Di [[Malaysia]], badan [[penyensoran|sensor]] pemerintah awalnya sama sekali melarang penayangan film ini, tetapi setelah para pemimpin Kristen memprotesnya, larangan itu dicabut namun hanya untuk para penonton Kristen, mengizinkan mereka untuk menonton film ini di bioskop-bioskop khusus yang ditunjuk.<ref>{{cite news | url= http://articles.latimes.com/2004/jul/10/entertainment/et-quick10| title= Censors in Malaysia give OK to 'Passion'| publisher=Los Angeles Times| date=July 10, 2004| accessdate=2008-10-20}}</ref> Di [[Israel]], film ini tidak dilarang. Namun film ini tidak pernah ditayangkan di bioskop karena tidak ada distributor Israel yang bersedia memasarkan film ini.<ref>{{cite news | url= http://articles.latimes.com/2004/mar/15/entertainment/et-king15| title= 'Passion' goes unseen in Israel| author= Laura King| publisher=Los Angeles Times| date=March 15, 2004| accessdate=2008-10-20}}</ref>
The Jewish community were concerned with again being [[Jewish deicide|accused of deicide]] — the usual justification for [[pogrom]]s. Rabbis in [[Orthodox Judaism]], [[Reform Judaism]], and [[Conservative Judaism]] were fearful that any movie based upon traditional Christian passion plays could only be interpreted by its target audiences as encouragingly anti-Semitism {{Who|date=July 2007}}. Jewish communal organizations and Jewish community newspapers voiced similar fears, yet Jesuit priest Fr. [[William Fulco]], S.J., of [[Loyola Marymount University]] — and the film's [[Aramaic]] dialogue translator — often defended the movie against that, saying the script did not violate the [[1988]] [[Anti-Semitism#Passion plays|criteria]] of the [[United States Conference of Catholic Bishops]] for Jewish portrayals in Passional dramatisations in avoiding deliberate and inadvertent anti-Semitism. [http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1141/is_26_39/ai_101680926]
 
Walaupun terjadi beragam kontroversi dan penolakan dari pemerintah tertentu untuk mengizinkan penayangan film ini di layar lebar, ''The Passion of the Christ'' menghasilkan $611.899.420 dari seluruh dunia.<ref name="BOM"/> Film ini juga relatif sukses di negara-negara tertentu dengan populasi Muslim yang besar,<ref name=CSM>{{cite web | url=http://www.csmonitor.com/2004/0409/p01s02-wome.html | title=Gibson's movie unlikely box-office hit in Arab world | publisher=The Christian Science Monitor | date=April 9, 2004 | last=Blanford | first=Nicholas }}</ref> seperti di [[Mesir]], tempat film ini meraih peringkat terlaris ke-20 untuk tahun 2004.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.boxofficemojo.com/intl/egypt/yearly/?yr=2004&p=.htm| title=2004 Box Office Totals for Egypt | publisher=BoxOfficeMojo.com}}</ref> Film ini tetap menjadi film bukan berbahasa Inggris dengan pendapatan kotor tertinggi sepanjang sejarah.<ref name="ncr"/>
Provoking more criticism, director Gibson held private screenings for prominent, politically and socially conservative Christian and Jewish religious leaders; yet denied the ADL's request. Yet [[Michael Medved]] &mdash; a Jewish columnist and right-wing film reviewer &mdash; praised the movie's Biblical accuracy; despite a February 16, 2004, ''[[Newsweek]]'' cover story by [[Jon Meacham]] reports the movie's many inaccuracies. Similarly, the ADL stated: [http://www.adl.org/presrele/mise_00/4275_00.asp]
 
=== Rilis ulang di bioskop ===
<blockquote>For filmmakers to do justice to the biblical accounts of the passion, they must complement their artistic vision with sound scholarship, which includes knowledge of how the passion accounts have been used historically to disparage and attack Jews and Judaism. Absent such scholarly and theological understanding, productions such as ''The Passion'' could likely falsify history and fuel the animus of those who hate Jews.</blockquote>
Suatu versi yang diedit dengan judul ''The Passion Recut'' dirilis pada tanggal 11 Maret 2005, dengan penghapusan 5 menit tayangan kekerasan yang paling eksplisit untuk memperluas jangkauan pemirsanya. Gibson menjelaskan alasannya untuk versi baru film ini:
 
<blockquote>Setelah tayangan awal di bioskop-bioskop, saya menerima banyak surat dari orang-orang di seluruh negeri. Banyak yang mengatakan kepada saya kalau mereka ingin berbagi pengalaman dengan orang yang mereka cintai tetapi mengkhawatirkan gambar-gambar yang lebih keras pada film ini akan terlalu berat untuk mereka tanggung. Sehubungan dengan hal ini saya memutuskan untuk mengedit ulang ''The Passion of the Christ''.<ref name=pluggedin>{{cite web | url=http://www.pluggedinonline.com/movies/movies/a0001657.cfm | title=The Passion of the Christ Review | publisher=PluggedInOnline.com | access-date=2016-07-11 | archive-date=2008-05-13 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080513152314/http://www.pluggedinonline.com/movies/movies/a0001657.cfm | dead-url=yes }}</ref></blockquote>
An [[Icon Productions]] employee gave an early version script of the script to a joint committee of the Secretariat for Ecumenical and Inter-religious Affairs of the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops and the Department of Inter-religious Affairs of the [[Anti-Defamation League]], who concluded [http://www.unomaha.edu/jrf/2004Symposium/Pawlikowski.htm] that ''The Passion of the Christ'' is:
 
Meskipun telah ada upaya untuk memperhalus kontennya, [[Motion Picture Association of America]] menganggap film ini masih terlalu keras untuk mendapat rating "PG-13", sehingga Gibson merilisnya sebagai ''unrated'' (tanpa rating).<ref name=pluggedin /> Rilis ulang film ini tidak berakhir dengan kesuksesan komersial, hanya ditayangkan selama 3 minggu sebelum hasil box office yang buruk menyebabkan film ini harus ditarik dari bioskop-bioskop.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=main&id=passionrecut.htm | title=Box Office Stats for The Passion Recut | publisher=BoxOfficeMojo.com}}</ref>
<blockquote> one of the most troublesome texts, relative to anti-Semitic potential, that any of us had seen in twenty-five years. It must be emphasized that the main storyline presented Jesus as having been relentlessly pursued by an evil cabal of Jews, headed by the high priest Caiaphas, who finally blackmailed a weak-kneed Pilate into putting Jesus to death. This is precisely the storyline that fueled centuries of anti-Semitism within Christian societies. This is also a storyline rejected by the [[Roman Catholic Church]] at [[Vatican II]] in its document ''[[Nostra Aetate]]'', and by nearly all mainline Protestant churches in parallel documents . . . . Unless this basic storyline has been altered by Mr. Gibson, a fringe Catholic who is building his own church in the Los Angeles area and who apparently accepts neither the teachings of Vatican II nor modern biblical scholarship, ''The Passion of the Christ'' retains a real potential for undermining the repudiation of classical Christian anti-Semitism by the churches in the last forty years.</blockquote>
 
=== Media rumah ===
When ''The Passion of the Christ'' was released, although [[#Positive views of Judaism|some Jews supported Gibson]], the overwhelming Jewish reaction was negative{{Who|date=July 2007}}. In [[The Nation]], reviewer [[Katha Pollitt]] said, "Gibson has violated just about every precept of the (United States Conference of Catholic Bishops) conference's own 1988 "Criteria" for the portrayal of Jews in dramatizations of the Passion (no bloodthirsty Jews, no rabble, no use of Scripture that reinforces negative stereotypes of Jews, etc.)". [http://www.thenation.com/doc/20040329/pollitt]
Pada tanggal 31 Agustus 2004, film ini dirilis dalam media [[DVD]],<ref name="PassionoftheChristDVD">{{cite av media | title=The Passion of the Christ | url=http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/55205651 | oclc=55205651 | publisher=20th Century Fox Home Entertainment, ©2004 | location=Beverly Hills, California | first=Mel | last=Gibson | isbn= 9780310263661 | type=DVD; visual material | language=Latin, Hebrew | laysummary=http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0335345/?ref_=fn_al_tt_1 | laysource=Internet Movie Database | accessdate=March 29, 2013}}</ref> VHS, dan belakangan [[D-VHS]], di [[Amerika Utara]] oleh [[20th Century Fox Home Entertainment]]. Sebagaimana halnya rilis asli di bioskop, rilis film ini dalam format video rumah terbukti sangat populer. Laporan-laporan awal mengindikasikan bahwa terdapat lebih dari 2,4 juta kopi film ini yang terjual sampai pertengahan hari tersebut. Film ini tersedia dalam format DVD dengan [[sub judul]] bahasa Inggris dan Spanyol, dan dalam kaset VHS dengan sub judul bahasa Inggris. Pada tanggal 17 Februari 2009, film ini dirilis dalam format [[Blu-ray]] di Amerika Utara sebagai set Definitive Edition dalam dua cakram.<ref name="PassionoftheChristBlu-ray">{{cite av media | title=The Passion of the Christ | url=http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/302426419 | oclc=302426419 | publisher=20th Century Fox Home Entertainment, ©2009 | edition=definitive | location=Beverly Hills, California | first=Mel | last=Gibson | type=Blu-ray; visual material | language=Latin, Hebrew | laysummary=http://www.amazon.com/Passion-Christ-Definitive-Edition-Blu-ray/dp/B001JNNDGA/ | laysource=Amazon | accessdate=March 29, 2013}}</ref>
 
=== Siaran televisi ===
The Jewish community were concerned about these matters:
Pada tanggal 17 April 2011 ([[Minggu Palma]]), Trinity Broadcasting Network ([[TBN]]) menayangkan perdana film ini pada pukul 7:30 pm ET/PT, dengan beberapa tayangan terjadwal. Jaringan televisi tersebut terus menayangkan film ini sepanjang tahun, dan secara khusus sekitar perayaan [[Paskah]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.tbn.org/watch-us/our-programs/the-passion-of-the-christ |title=The Passion of the Christ |publisher=TBN |date= |accessdate=2012-06-05 |archive-date=2012-06-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120606022007/http://www.tbn.org/watch-us/our-programs/the-passion-of-the-christ |dead-url=yes }}</ref> TBN menayangkan film ini sama sekali tanpa diedit; akibatnya tayangan tersebut diberi rating [[TV Parental Guidelines|TV-MA]] (karena terdapat kekerasan grafis).
 
== Penerimaan ==
*Most Jews, such as the High Priest, are ugly: "The priests have big noses and gnarly faces, lumpish bodies, yellow teeth; [[Herod Antipas]] and his court are a bizarre collection of oily-haired, [[epicene]] perverts. The "good Jews" look like Italian movie stars (Italian sex symbol [[Monica Bellucci]] is Mary Magdalene); Mary, who would have been around 50 and appeared 70, could pass for a ripe 35." [http://www.thenation.com/doc/20040329/pollitt]
*The [[Kohen Gadol|High Priest]] is a member in good standing of the Jewish community, and as a man feared by Roman officials. Some historians have cited the fact that [[Caiaphas]] is described by Josephus as having been appointed High Priest by a previous Roman Procurator. They have interpreted this as meaning that the Romans did not allow Jews to appoint their own High Priest and that the contemporary High Priest was an employee of the Roman government.
*Palestine Governor Pontius Pilate is a thoughtful, temperate man who ultimately agrees to Jesus's crucifixion, unwilling to risk either Jewish or Christian rebellions. Historians, including his contemporary [[Josephus]], describe his barbarous treatment of Jews in his province — crucifying many in his reign. However, Josephus also describes the Sanhedrin using the same tactics referred to in the Gospels to prevent Pilate from erecting a statue of [[Tiberius Caesar]].
*Pilate describes [[Barabbas]] as "a notorious murderer." In reality, there is little description of his background. Matthew 27:16 describes Barabbas as notorious, Luke 23: 19 implies his crimes as political, he "had been thrown into prison for an insurrection in the city, and for murder". Moreover, he is portrayed as a deranged psychopath, again for which there is no textual evidence. Collectively, these editorial choices render Barabbas's release more craven than the text supports. Also in Hebrew, ''Bar Abba'' literally means ''Son of the Father'', or an [[illegitimate child]].
 
=== Diskusi dan promosi independen ===
When challenged if his movie defames contemporary Jews, director Gibson responded: "It's not meant to. I think it's meant to just tell the truth. I want to be as truthful as possible". In a ''[[Globe and Mail]]'' newspaper interview ([[February 14]] [[2004]]), he said: "If anyone has distorted Gospel passages to rationalize cruelty towards Jews or anyone, it's in defiance of repeated Papal condemnation. The [[Papacy]] has condemned racism in any form... Jesus died for the sins of all times, and I'll be the first on the line for culpability".
Sejumlah [[situs web]] independen seperti ''MyLifeAfter.com'' dan ''Passion-Movie.com'' dilansir untuk mempromosikan film ini dan pesannya, serta memungkinkan orang-orang untuk mendiskusikan pengaruh film ini pada kehidupan mereka. Dokumenter-dokumenter seperti ''Changed Lives: Miracles of the Passion'' mencatat berbagai kisah terjadinya keajaiban dalam hal penyelamatan, pengampunan, penemuan iman baru, dan cerita tentang seorang pria yang memberi pengakuan kalau ia telah membunuh pacarnya kendati pihak berwenang telah menetapkan kematian sang pacar adalah karena bunuh diri.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.scotsman.com/passionofchrist/Film-prompts-murder-confession.2515150.jp |title=Film prompts murder confession – Scotsman.com News |publisher=News.scotsman.com |date=March 27, 2004 |accessdate=2012-06-05 |location=Edinburgh}}</ref>
 
=== Penghargaan ===
An ADL web page posted on [[August 13]], [[2003]] provided examples of Anti-Semitic responses to the ADL's criticism of this project. [http://www.adl.org/anti_semitism/anti-semitic-responses.asp] Critics of the ADL retorted that hateful e-mail sent them was not provoked by the film, yet to be released, rather, it was the ADL's attacks against a film about Jesus that motivated it. In response, the [[Catholic League (U.S.)|Catholic League]] accused the ADL of "seeking to poison relations between Catholics and Jews", that the "attacks on Mel Gibson have little to do with some off-the-cuff quips and everything to do with waging a frontal assault against all those people &mdash; Catholics, Protestants, Jews et al. &mdash; who have seen ''The Passion'' and love it." [http://www.catholicleague.org/03press_releases/quarter3/030918_adl.htm]
;Menang
* [[National Board of Review]], Award for Freedom of Expression (2004)
* [[People's Choice Awards]] – Favorite Motion Picture Drama (2004)
* [[Satellite Awards]] – [[Satellite Award for Best Director|Best Director]] – [[Mel Gibson]]
* [[Moviefone]] Moviegoer Awards – Best Picture
* [[Ethnic Multicultural Media Academy]] Award – Best Film Production
* [[Ethnic Multicultural Media Academy]] Award – Best Film Actress – [[Maia Morgenstern]]
* [[Motion Picture Sound Editors|Motion Picture Sound Editors, USA, Golden Reel Award]] – Best Sound Editing in a Feature Film – Music – Michael T. Ryan
* Golden Knight Film Festival – Grand Prix – [[Mel Gibson]]
* Golden Knight Film Festival – Best Actor – [[Hristo Shopov]]
* [[ShoWest]] / [[USA Today]] / [[Coca-Cola]] – Consumers Choice for Favorite Movie Award
* [[American Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers]] –ASCAP Henry Mancini Award – [[John Debney]]
* [[Hollywood Film Festival]], USA – Hollywood Producer of the Year – [[Mel Gibson]]
* Catholics in Media Associates – Film Award – [[Mel Gibson]]
* Cinema Writers Circle Awards, Spain – Best Foreign Film
* [[GMA Dove Award]], ''The Passion of the Christ Original Motion Picture Soundtrack'', Instrumental Album of the Year (2004)
 
;Nominasi
Other commentators who had seen it &mdash; [[Cal Thomas]] and [[Roger Ebert]] &mdash; also categorically denied that the film is anti-Semitic. [http://www.townhall.com/columnists/calthomas/ct20030805.shtml]
* [[Academy Awards]], USA – Oscar for ''[[Academy Award for Best Cinematography|Best Cinematography]]'' (2004) – [[Caleb Deschanel]]
However, in the ''New Republic'' (8 March 2004), Leon Wieseltier said: "In its representation of its Jewish characters, ''The Passion of the Christ'' is without any doubt an anti-Semitic movie, and anybody who says otherwise knows nothing, or chooses to know nothing, about the visual history of anti-Semitism, in art and in film. What is so shocking about Gibson's Jews is how unreconstructed they are in their stereotypical appearances and actions. These are not merely anti-Semitic images; these are classically anti-Semitic images." [https://ssl.tnr.com/p/docsub.mhtml?i=20040308&s=wieseltier030804]
* Academy Awards, USA – Oscar for ''[[Tata Rias Terbaik (Oscar)|Best Makeup]]'' (2004) – [[Keith Vanderlaan]], [[Christien Tinsley]]
* Academy Awards, USA – Oscar for ''[[Musik Orisinal Terbaik (Oscar)|Best Original Score]]'' (2004) – [[John Debney]]
* [[American Society of Cinematographers]], USA – ASC Award for ''Outstanding Achievement in Cinematography in Theatrical Releases'' (2004) – [[Caleb Deschanel]]
* [[Motion Picture Sound Editors]] Golden Reel Award for Best Sound Editing for Music in a Feature Film (2004)
* [[Broadcast Film Critics Association Awards]] – BFCA Award for ''Best Popular Movie'' (2004)
* [[Irish Film and Television Awards]] – Jameson People's Choice Award for Best International Film
* [[Motion Picture Sound Editors|Motion Picture Sound Editors, USA, Golden Reel Award]] – Best Sound Editing in Domestic Features – Dialogue & ADR
* [[MTV Movie Awards]] – Best male performance – [[Jim Caviezel]]
 
== Komentar ==
=== Positive views of Judaism ===
Ketika penayangan film ''The Passion of the Christ'' telah dilakukan, [[Vatikan]] memberikan komentar bahwa film tersebut telah sesuai dengan Perjanjian Baru. [[Paus (Gereja Katolik)|Paus]] menyatakan bahwa film tersebut seperti Perjanjian Baru, karena rujukan dari ceritanya adalah Perjanjian Baru. Dalam film ini, pembunuhan Yesus dilakukan oleh kaum Yahudi sehingga mereka harus bertanggung jawab atasnya. Sementara itu, Majalah ''[[Newsweek]]'' edisi 16 Februari 2004 menyatakan bahwa Alkitab merupakan sumber yang bermasalah untuk digunakan sebagai rujukan. Majalah ini menyatakan bahwa di dalam film ini banyak terdapat penyimpangan cerita dari Alkitab.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Husaini|first=Adian|date=2005|title=Wajah Peradaban Barat: Dari Hegemoni Kristen ke Dominasi Sekuler Liberal|location=Jakarta|publisher=Gema Insani|isbn=978-602-250-517-4|pages=52|url-status=live}}</ref>
Some [[Orthodox Jew]]s — most notably [[Rabbi Daniel Lapin]] and [[Michael Medved]] — have vocally rejected claims that the film is anti-Semitic and have voiced their support. They have especially noted the film's many sympathetic portrayals of Jews: [[Simon of Cyrene]] (who helps Jesus carry the cross), [[Mary Magdalene]], the [[Virgin Mary]], [[St. Peter]], [[John the Evangelist|St. John]] and Veronica (who wipes Jesus' face and offers him water).
 
== Sekuel ==
[[Rabbi Daniel Lapin]], the [[South Africa]]n-born head of the [[Toward Tradition]] organisation, declared the ADL and its allies "dangerous organizations, organizations that are driving a wedge between American Jews and Christians." Referring to ADL national director [[Abraham Foxman]], Lapin said, that in calling the movie anti-Semitic, "what he is saying is that the only way to escape the wrath of Foxman is to repudiate your faith." [http://www.forward.com/main/article.php?ref=cattan200403031140]
Pada bulan Juni 2016 diumumkan bahwa Mel Gibson akan membuat sekuel ''The Passion of The Christ''Entertainment Weekly mendapatkan konfirmasi aktor 49 tahun tersebut tengah dalam perundingan untuk kembali menjadi Yesus di sekuel film yang dijadwalkan akan bertajuk Resurrection.
Morover,
 
Dalam wawancara dengan Stephen Colbert pada 2016, sutradara dan pencetus The Passion of the Christ Mel Gibson mengatakan versi sekuel dari film tersebut baru bakal rampung pada sekitar 2019.
Senior Vatican officer Darío Cardinal Castrillón Hoyos, who has seen the film, addressed the matter so: [http://www.nationalreview.com/comment/comment-gaspari091803.asp]
<blockquote>Anti-Semitism, like all forms of racism, distorts the truth in order to put a whole race of people in a bad light. This film does nothing of the sort. It draws out from the historical objectivity of the Gospel narratives sentiments of forgiveness, mercy, and reconciliation. It captures the subtleties and the horror of sin, as well as the gentle power of love and forgiveness, without making or insinuating blanket condemnations against one group. This film expressed the exact opposite, that learning from the example of Christ, there should never be any more violence against any other human being.</blockquote>
 
Namun, Gibson mengatakan sekuel film peraih nominasi Academy Awards tersebut bakal berisikan kisah yang jauh lebih besar dibanding versi awalnya.
===Christian criticism===
[[Fundamentalist Christianity|Fundamentalist]] [[Protestant]] groups criticised the film for its Catholic and [[ecumenism|ecumenical]] overtones, especially the addition of noncanonical scenes of Jesus with his mother (which they say encourages [[Mariolatry#Accusations_of_idolatry|Maryolatry]])[http://hisemptygrave.com/passion.html]. ''The Passion of the Christ'' is criticised by some Protestant Christian spokesmen{{Who|date=April 2008}} for departing from New Testament accounts. Many scenes and details are from traditional Catholic [[passion play]]s and from Emmerich's book; many scenes and events are symbolic groundwork for the story, reflecting events found elsewhere in Christian scripture and in Catholic tradition.
 
"Ini lebih dari sekadar peristiwa tunggal, ini momen luar biasa," kata Gibson.
On the other hand, in [[New Zealand]], the [[Office of Film and Literature Classification (New Zealand)|Office of Film and Literature Classification]] was criticised by the fundamentalist [[Society for the Promotion of Community Standards]] for rating the film R16, out of bounds for minors, arguing that children younger than sixteen years of age should be allowed to see the film's explicitly violent depiction of Christ's suffering.
"Ini bukan hanya sekadar peristiwa. Ini bukan hanya sekadar penuturan kronologis atas sebuah kejadian. Itu bisa membosankan, dan yah [karena] semua sudah membacanya [dari injil]" lanjutnya.
 
Gibson pun mengisyaratkan kisah kelanjutan dari The Passion of the Christ bakal berlatar waktu setelah peristiwa penyaliban hingga kejadian kebangkitan kembali Yesus, yang dituturkan injil terjadi pada tiga hari setelah peristiwa penyaliban.
The filmmakers defend said explicit violence as true to the letter and spirit of the Christian New Testament Scripture; others disagree, for example, the scene where soldiers push Jesus off a bridge is Emmerich's creation, it is not Gospel. Universal culpability for Jesus Christ's death is the principal doctrine of Christianity, a fundamental Catholic teaching since the 1st century, stated in the 1570 Catholic handbook ''Catechism of the [[Council of Trent]]'':
 
Namun Gibson mengatakan kepada Colbert, bahwa sekuel ini bukan hanya mengisahkan penyaliban dan kematian lalu kebangkitan Yesus kembali. Ia mengisyaratkan akan mengeksplorasi tiga hari kepergian Yesus dari dunia fana itu.
<blockquote>In this guilt [for the Crucifixion] are involved all those who fall frequently into sin; for, as our sins consigned Christ the Lord to the death of the cross, most certainly those who wallow in sin and iniquity crucify to themselves again the Son of God, as far as in them lies, and make a mockery of him. This guilt seems more enormous in us than in the Jews, since according to the testimony of the same Apostle: If they had known it, they would never have crucified the Lord of Glory; while we, on the contrary, professing to know him, yet denying Him by our actions, seem in some sort to lay violent hands on Him.</blockquote>
 
Jim Caviezel menjadi sorotan usai perannya sebagai Yesus dalam film The Passion of the Christ menuai perhatian publik. Film itu mengisahkan 12 jam terakhir hidup Yesus sebelum disalib, berdasarkan kisah injil.yang berfokus pada [[kebangkitan Yesus Kristus]].<ref>[http://www.nydailynews.com/entertainment/movies/mel-gibson-working-passion-christ-sequel-article-1.2667969 Mel Gibson is working on a ‘Passion of the Christ’ sequel ]</ref>
Further controversy is about the dialogue: "His blood [is] on us and on our children!" ({{bibleref|Matthew|27:25}}), which has been [[Anti-Semitism#Passion plays|historically interpreted]] by some as a curse taken upon by the [[Jew|Jewish people]]. Thus, Jewish religious groups asked this be removed from the film. However, only the [[Subtitle (captioning)|subtitle]]s were removed; the original dialogue remains in [[Aramaic]] soundtrack.[http://film.guardian.co.uk/features/featurepages/0,4120,1157381,00.html]
 
SEBAGIAN BESAR PEMERAN DAN KRU MENGUBAH IMAN MEREKA SETELAH SYUTING FILM TERSEBUT
[[Cable News Network|CNN]] reported that [[Pope John Paul II]] privately viewed the film before its release. [http://www.cnn.com/2003/SHOWBIZ/Movies/12/17/pope.gibson/] Supporters of Gibson’s interpretation of the Passion claimed that the Pope remarked to his friend, Monsignor [[Stanisław Dziwisz]], "It is as it was"; Dziwisz [http://www.catholicnews.com/data/stories/cns/20040119.htm denied that ever happened].
 
Karena banyaknya kejadian-kejadian tak terduga dalam penggarapan film tersebut, banyak diantara para kru dan para aktor yang beralih agama menjadi Kristen. Salah satu orang yang bertobat adalah seorang ateis yang berperan sebagai Yudas Iskariot, namanya Luca Lionello.
===Critical reaction===
The film received generally mixed reviews from critics. The review aggregator [[Rotten Tomatoes]] reported that 50% of critics gave the film positive reviews, based on 260 reviews &mdash; with the consensus that "the graphic details of Jesus' torture make the movie tough to sit through and obscure whatever message it is trying to convey."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/passion_of_the_christ/ |title=The Passion of the Christ Movie Reviews, Pictures - Rotten Tomatoes |accessdate=2008-07-16 |publisher=[[Rotten Tomatoes]]}}</ref> [[Metacritic]] reported the film had an average score of 47 out of 100, based on 43 reviews.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.metacritic.com/video/titles/passionofthechrist |title=Passion of the Christ, The (2004): Reviews |accessdate=2008-07-16 |publisher=[[Metacritic]]}}</ref>
 
Selain kepada para kru, saya juga percaya dampak yang diberikan film ini terhadap penontonnya juga sangatlah besar
Entertainment Weekly magazine's June 2006 issue named ''The Passion of the Christ'' the most controversial film of all time, followed by [[Stanley Kubrick]]'s film ''[[A Clockwork Orange (film)|A Clockwork Orange]]'' (1971). Coincidentally, ''A Clockwork Orange'' shows a Passion of the Christ daydream, wherein the protagonist, Alex de Large, is a Centurion whipping the cross-carrying Jesus enroute to Calvary hill. Moreover, [[Monty Python]] described ''The Passion of the Christ'' film as "the same as ours, but without the jokes", a reference to their historical comedy ''[[The Life of Brian]]'' (1979), and influential newspaper movie reviewers praised ''The Passion of the Christ'', one is [[Roger Ebert]], who rated it four -of-four stars.<ref>{{cite news
| last = Ebert
| first = Roger
| coauthors =
| title = Movie Reviews: The Passion of the Christ
| work =
| pages =
| language = English
| publisher = Chicago Sun-Times
|date=2004-02-24
| url = http://rogerebert.suntimes.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20040224/REVIEWS/402240301/1023
| accessdate = 2006-08-02 }}</ref>
 
== Lihat pula ==
Author and journalist Christopher Hitchens, in his book "God is Not Great" (Page 111), slammed the film, calling it "an exercise in sadomasochistic homoeroticism starring a talentless lead actor".
* [[Film persidangan]]
* [[Jalan Salib]]
* [[Kisah Sengsara (Kekristenan)|Kisah Sengsara]]
* [[Paskah]]
* [[The Passion of the Jew|"The Passion of the Jew" (episode ''South Park'')]]
* [[Yesus dalam karya seni]]
** [[Saint Mary (film)|''Saint Mary'']]
** [[The Messiah (film 2007)|''The Messiah'']]
*Fakta Dibalik Pembuatan The passion Of The Christ
 
SEBAGIAN BESAR PEMERAN DAN KRU MENGUBAH IMAN MEREKA SETELAH SYUTING FILM TERSEBUT
===Criticism of the explicit violence===
Critics were troubled by the film's explicitly-detailed violence, and especially cautioned parents to avoid taking their children to the cinema. Although only one sentence in three of the Gospels mentions Jesus's flogging, and it is unmentioned in the fourth, ''The Passion of the Christ'' devotes ten minutes to the portrayal of the flogging. Newspaper movie reviewer [[Roger Ebert]], who rated the movie four-of-four stars, said in his review:
 
Karena banyaknya kejadian-kejadian tak terduga dalam penggarapan film tersebut, banyak diantara para kru dan para aktor yang beralih agama menjadi Kristen. Salah satu orang yang bertobat adalah seorang ateis yang berperan sebagai Yudas Iskariot, namanya Luca Lionello.
<blockquote>The movie is 126 minutes long, and I would guess that at least 100 of those minutes, maybe more, are concerned specifically and graphically with the details of the torture and death of Jesus. This is the most violent film I have ever seen.</blockquote>
 
Selain kepada para kru, saya juga percaya dampak yang diberikan film ini terhadap penontonnya juga sangatlah besar
Ebert also mentioned that the R-rated film merits the [[MPAA]] NC-17 rating in a "Movie Answer Man" response, adding that no level-minded parent should ever allow children to see it.<ref>[http://rogerebert.suntimes.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20040307/ANSWERMAN/403070305] - "The Movie Answer Man", ''Chicago Sun-Times'', March 7, 2004</ref>
 
== Referensi ==
[[A.O. Scott]], in ''[[The New York Times]]'', said, ''The Passion of the Christ'' is so relentlessly focused on the savagery of Jesus' final hours that this film seems to arise less from love than from wrath, and to succeed more in assaulting the spirit than in uplifting it."<ref>Scott. A.O. (2004). [http://movies2.nytimes.com/mem/movies/review.html?_r=1&title1=Passion%20of%20the%20Christ%2c%20The%20%28Movie%29&title2=Passion%20of%20the%20Christ%2c%20The%20%28Movie%29&reviewer=A%2e%20O%2e%20Scott&pdate=&v_id=290960&oref=slogin "Good and Evil Locked In Violent Showdown"]. ''The New York Times.'' Retrieved July 8, 2007.</ref>
{{Reflist}}
 
== Pranala luar ==
[[David Edelstein]], [[Slate Magazine]] 's film critic, dubbed the film "a two-hour-and-six-minute snuff movie — ''The Jesus Chainsaw Massacre'' — that thinks it's an act of faith", and further criticised director Mel Gibson's focusing on the brutality of Jesus's execution, instead of his religious teachings.<ref>David Edelstein, "Jesus H. Christ" [http://www.slate.com/id/2096025/ Slate Magazine]</ref>
{{Wikiquote|:en:The Passion of the Christ|The Passion of the Christ}}
* {{IMDb title|0335345|The Passion of the Christ}}
* {{mojo title|passionofthechrist|The Passion of the Christ}}
* {{rotten-tomatoes|passion_of_the_christ|The Passion of the Christ}}
* {{metacritic film|the-passion-of-the-christ|The Passion of the Christ}}
 
{{Mel Gibson}}
During [[Diane Sawyer]]'s interview of him, director Gibson said:
 
<blockquote>I wanted it to be shocking; and I wanted it to be extreme . . . . So that they see the enormity &mdash; the enormity of that sacrifice; to see that someone could endure that and still come back with love and forgiveness, even through extreme pain and suffering and ridicule. The actual crucifixion was more violent than what was shown on the film, but I thought no one would get anything out of it. </blockquote>
 
==Satire==
''The Passion of the Christ'' and the controversy surrounding it have been repeatedly parodied since the film's release.
 
In the ''[[South Park]]'' episode "[[The Passion of the Jew]]", [[Eric Cartman]] uses the film's popularity to preach a [[Final Solution]] to devout Christians who have no idea of what he is talking about. Meanwhile, [[Stan Marsh]] and [[Kenny McCormick]] watch ''The Passion'' and refer to it as "a [[snuff film]]." They launch into a quest to find [[Mel Gibson]] and get their money back.
 
In ''[[The Family Guy]]'' episode "[[North by North Quahog]]", [[Peter Griffin]] steals the negatives for the sequel to ''The Passion of the Christ'' (an action movie in the style of [[Rush Hour]] entitled "'''Passion of the Christ 2 Crucify THIS!'''"), citing his hope to save the world from two hours of mindless violence. He is subsequently chased by [[Mel Gibson]] in a satirization of the [[Alfred Hitchcock]] movie ''[[North by Northwest]]''.
 
In the ''[[Drawn Together]]'' episode "[[The One Wherein There Is a Big Twist]]", [[Princess Clara]] produces a blatantly anti-Semitic film depiction of Christ's crucifixion (Jewish caricatures are shown whipping a cross-bearing Christ), parodying the anti-Semitic controversy surrounding ''The Passion of the Christ''.
 
[[G4 (TV Channel)|G4]]'s [[X-Play]] has parodied the film in the form of an advertisement for a sequel, entitled "Passion of the Christ 2: Judgment Day," in which Jesus is portrayed as a vengeful killer.
 
Though not referenced directly, the ''[[The Simpsons|Simpsons]]'' episode "[[Homer and Ned's Hail Mary Pass]]" has [[Marge Simpson|Marge]] criticizing [[Ned Flanders]]' highly acclaimed movies based on Biblical stories due to their graphic violence. This parallels ''The Passion'' being criticized for using the Bible to show violence to its audience a year earlier. [[Pranksta Rap|Another episode]] briefly shows a parody, entitled "The Salad of the Christ".
 
[[Ireland|Irish]] comedian [[Tommy Tiernan]] remarked on the controversy surrounding the film in his "Cracked" show of 2004 saying "This movie has gotten into a lot of trouble for saying that the Jews killed Jesus. Well, it wasn't the Mexicans!"
 
==Music==
Three [[Compact disc|CDs]] were released with [[Mel Gibson|Mel Gibson's]] co-operation: (i) the [[The Passion of the Christ (soundtrack)|film soundtrack]] of [[John Debney]]'s original orchestral score conducted by [[Nick Ingman]]; (ii) [[The Passion of the Christ: Songs]], by producers Mark Joseph and Tim Cook, with original compositions by various artists, and (iii) the eponymously-titled [[The Passion of the Christ: Songs Inspired By]].
 
A preliminary score was composed and recorded by [[Lisa Gerrard]] and [[Patrick Cassidy (composer)|Patrick Cassidy]], but was incomplete at film's release. [[Jack Lenz]] was the primary musical researcher and one of the composers<ref>[http://www.jacklenz.com/index.htm Official Website Bio]</ref>; several clips of his compositions have been [http://www.jacklenz.com/clips.htm posted].
-->
==Lihat juga==
*[[Jalan Salib]]
 
==Referensi==
{{reflist}}
 
==Pranala luar==
# [http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/thr/columns/grove_display.jsp?vnu_content_id=1000464071 Gibson breaks Hollywood’s 10 Commands] - The Hollywood Reporter
# [http://www.thepassionofthechrist.com/ Official site - ''The Passion of the Christ'']
# [http://www.passion-movie.com/english/ Passion-movie.com]
# {{imdb title|id=0335345|title=The Passion of the Christ}}
# {{amg movie|id=1:290960|title=The Passion of the Christ}}
# {{rotten-tomatoes|id=passion_of_the_christ|title=The Passion of the Christ}}
# {{metacritic film|id=passionofthechrist|title=The Passion of the Christ}}
# {{mojo title|id=passionofthechrist|title=The Passion of the Christ}}
# http://www.adl.org/presrele/mise_00/4275_00.asp
# http://www.adl.org/anti_semitism/anti-semitic-responses.asp
# http://www.catholicleague.org/release.php?id=726
# http://www.townhall.com/columnists/CalThomas/2003/08/05/the_greatest_story_ever_filmed
# http://www.nationalreview.com/comment/comment-gaspari091803.asp
# [http://www.apologeticsindex.org/p22a.html Apologetics Index entry on ''The Passion of the Christ'']
# South Park: ''[[The Passion of the Jew]]'' Episode also on the South Park Single-Disc DVD with the same title.
# S. Brent Plate, ed. Re-viewing the Passion: Mel Gibson's Film and Its Critics (New York: Palgrave, 2004]]]
# [[Matera]]
 
{{Authority control}}
 
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