Myuran Sukumaran: Perbedaan antara revisi
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'''Myuran Sukumaran''' ([[bahasa Tamil]]: மயூரன் சுகுமாரன்; 17 April 1981 – 29 April 2015) adalah seorang warga negara Australia yang divonis bersalah di Indonesia karena perdagangan narkoba sebagai anggota [[Bali Nine]]. Pada 2005, Sukumaran ditangkap di sebuah kamar di Hotel Melasti di Kuta bersama delapan orang lainnya. Polisi menemukan 334 g (11,8 oz) heroin dalam sebuah koper di dalam ruangan. Menurut kesaksian pengadilan dari [[kurir narkoba]] yang dihukum, Sukumaran dan Andrew Chan adalah pemimpin bersama dari operasi penyelundupan heroin dari Indonesia ke Australia. Setelah menjalani sidang pidana, Sukumaran divonis pada 14 Februari 2006 oleh [[Pengadilan Negeri Denpasar]] dengan [[eksekusi dengan regu tembak|eksekusi mati oleh regu tembak]].
Setelah mengajukan banding atas hukumannya, banding Sukumaran awalnya ditolak oleh [[Pengadilan Tinggi]] [[Bali]]. Peninjauan kembali oleh [[Mahkamah Agung Republik Indonesia]] pada 6 Juli 2011 menguatkan hukuman mati.<ref name="ABC-2011-07-07">{{cite news |url=http://www.abc.net.au/am/content/2011/s3263149.htm |title=Australian drug smuggler loses death sentence appeal |work=[[AM (ABC Radio)|AM]] |publisher=[[Australian Broadcasting Corporation]] |date=7
==Kehidupan awal dan keluarga==
Myuran Sukumaran lahir pada tanggal 17 April 1981 di London.<ref name=SMH290415>{{cite news|last1=Veitch|first1=Harriet|title=Obituary: Myuran Sukumaran, 1981-2015|url=http://www.smh.com.au/comment/obituaries/obituary-myuran-sukumaran-19812015-20150428-1muvfo.html|work=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]]|date=29 April 2015|access-date=12 Juni 2022|archive-date=12 Juni 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150503002009/http://www.smh.com.au/comment/obituaries/obituary-myuran-sukumaran-19812015-20150428-1muvfo.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Australian 'Bali Nine' drug smuggler pair executed in Indonesia|url=http://www.radioaustralia.net.au/international/2015-04-29/australian-bali-nine-drug-smuggler-pair-executed-in-indonesia/1441190|work=[[Radio Australia]]|date=29 April 2015|access-date=12 Juni 2022|archive-date=5 Mei 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150505043952/http://www.radioaustralia.net.au/international/2015-04-29/australian-bali-nine-drug-smuggler-pair-executed-in-indonesia/1441190|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Bali Nine pair Andrew Chan and Myuran Sukumaran executed|url=https://au.news.yahoo.com/world/a/27413350/bali-nine-pair-andrew-chan-and-myuran-sukumaran-executed/|work=[[Seven News]]|date=29 April 2015|access-date=12 Juni 2022|archive-date=5 Mei 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150505040756/https://au.news.yahoo.com/world/a/27413350/bali-nine-pair-andrew-chan-and-myuran-sukumaran-executed/|url-status=live}}</ref> Beliau merupakan putra sulung dari Sam dan Raji Sukumaran yang merupakan orang [[Hindu]] dari etnis [[Tamil Sri Lanka]].<ref name=SMH290415/><ref name=TA290415>{{cite news|last1=Owens|first1=Jared|title=Bali 9: Andrew Chan and Myuran Sukumaran's road to redemption|url=http://www.theaustralian.com.au/national-affairs/foreign-affairs/bali-9-andrew-chan-and-myuran-sukumarans-road-to-redemption/story-fn59nm2j-1227325941996|work=[[The Australian]]|date=29 April 2015}}</ref> Sukumaran memiliki seorang saudara laki-laki (Chintu) dan seorang saudara perempuan (Brintha).<ref>{{cite news|last1=Safi|first1=Michael|title=Bali Nine families visit: 'We want to see him to let him know that we love him'|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/mar/09/bali-nine-families-visit-we-want-to-see-him-to-let-him-know-that-we-love-him|work=[[The Guardian]]|date=9 Maret 2015|access-date=12 Juni 2022|archive-date=5 Maret 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305045158/http://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/mar/09/bali-nine-families-visit-we-want-to-see-him-to-let-him-know-that-we-love-him|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Bali Nine Executions - in pictures|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/pictures/bali-nine-executions--in-pictures-10212135.html|work=[[The Independent]]|date=29 April 2015|access-date=12 Juni 2022|archive-date=25 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150925152410/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/pictures/bali-nine-executions--in-pictures-10212135.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Roberts|first1=George|last2=Jennett|first2=Greg|title=Bali Nine pair Andrew Chan and Myuran Sukumaran 'dignified' ahead of executions|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-04-28/bali-nine-andrew-chan-myuran-sukumaran-dignified-executions/6428222|work=[[ABC News (Australia)]]|date=28 April 2015|access-date=12 Juni 2022|archive-date=5 Mei 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150505010152/http://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-04-28/bali-nine-andrew-chan-myuran-sukumaran-dignified-executions/6428222|url-status=live}}</ref> Keluarga tersebut pindah ke Australia pada tahun 1985 dan tinggal di [[Auburn, New South Wales|Auburn]], pinggiran barat [[Sydney]].<ref name=SMH290415/><ref name=TA290415/><ref name=ABC240115>{{cite news|title=Bali Nine: Myuran Sukumaran and Andrew Chan changed men, say lawyers and family|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-01-24/bali-nine-drug-traffickers-sukumaran-chan-changed-men/6024376|work=[[ABC News (Australia)]]|date=24 Januari 2015|access-date=12 Juni 2022|archive-date=5 Mei 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150505042115/http://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-01-24/bali-nine-drug-traffickers-sukumaran-chan-changed-men/6024376|url-status=live}}</ref>
Sukumaran menempuh pendidikan di Homebush Boys High School di mana beliau dikenal sebagai "Myu."<ref name=SMH290415/><ref>{{cite news|title='Sooner the better': Indonesia moves for swift executions of two prisoners|url=http://www.nzherald.co.nz/world/news/article.cfm?c_id=2&objectid=11406684|agency=[[Australian Associated Press]]|work=[[The New Zealand Herald]]|date=24 Februari 2015|access-date=12 Juni 2022|archive-date=5 Mei 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150505041240/http://www.nzherald.co.nz/world/news/article.cfm?c_id=2&objectid=11406684|url-status=live}}</ref> Meskipun Andrew Chan juga bersekolah di Homebush, pasangan ini terpaut empat tahun dan berbaur dalam [[kelompok sosial|lingkaran]] yang berbeda.<ref name=ABC240115/><ref name=OI290415>{{cite news|last1=Ghosh|first1=Shubham|title=Indonesia execution: Who is Myuran Sukumaran?|url=http://www.oneindia.com/international/indonesia-execution-who-is-myuran-sukumaran-1731330.html|work=[[Oneindia]]|date=29 April 2015|access-date=12 Juni 2022|archive-date=5 Mei 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150505040849/http://www.oneindia.com/international/indonesia-execution-who-is-myuran-sukumaran-1731330.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=News290415>{{cite news|last1=Wockner|first1=Cindy|title=Chan and Sukumaran unmasked: the misguided youths who turned drug traffickers|url=http://www.news.com.au/national/chan-and-sukumaran-unmasked-the-misguided-youths-who-turned-drug-traffickers/story-fncynjr2-1227325918214|work=[[News.com.au]]|date=29 April 2015|access-date=12 Juni 2022|archive-date=5 Mei 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150505055558/http://www.news.com.au/national/chan-and-sukumaran-unmasked-the-misguided-youths-who-turned-drug-traffickers/story-fncynjr2-1227325918214|url-status=live}}</ref> Sukumaran mengatakan kepada seorang psikiater bahwa ia menghadapi perundungan dan rasisme di sekolah.<ref name=News290415/> Hanya pada masa [[remaja]]nya ia mulai berteman, kebanyakan dengan orang Tionghoa dan Vietnam, dan mulai merasa [[kepasrahan|pasrah]].<ref name=News290415/>
Setelah keluar dari universitas pada tahun pertama kuliahnya, Sukumaran bekerja sebagai pegawai ruang surat di [[State Street Corporation]], sebuah bank investasi asal [[Amerika Serikat]], dan di kantor paspor di Sydney.<ref name=SMH290415/><ref name=OI290415/><ref name=ST220215>{{cite news|last1=Pearlman|first1=Jonathan|title=Bali Nine leaders wanted to strike it rich|url=http://www.straitstimes.com/st/print/3480905|work=[[The Straits Times]]|date=22 Februari 2015}}</ref> Beliau mulai [[penyalahgunaan obat|menggunakan narkoba]] dan, tertarik dengan mobil cepat, klub malam, dan imbalan instan, terlibat dalam penjualan narkoba setelah seorang teman universitas mengenalkannya pada dunia kriminal.<ref name=SMH290415/><ref name=ST220215/> Sukumaran bertemu dengan Andrew Chan di pesta seorang teman pada tahun 2002 dan terlibat dalam [[perdagangan narkoba|penyelundupan narkoba]] dari Indonesia ke Australia.<ref name=SMH290415/><ref name=ST220215/><ref name=IBT280415>{{cite news|last1=Smith|first1=Lydia|title=Bali Nine: Who were Australians Myuran Sukumaran and Andrew Chan executed in Indonesia?|url=http://www.ibtimes.co.uk/bali-nine-who-are-australians-myuran-sukumaran-andrew-chan-facing-execution-1498720|work=[[International Business Times]]|date=28 April 2015|access-date=12 Juni 2022|archive-date=2 Mei 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150502012300/http://www.ibtimes.co.uk/bali-nine-who-are-australians-myuran-sukumaran-andrew-chan-facing-execution-1498720|url-status=live}}</ref>
==Kehidupan di penjara==
Sukumaran mengajar kelas [[bahasa Inggris]], komputer, desain grafis dan filsafat kepada para tahanan.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.smh.com.au/breaking-news-world/bali-nine-pair-positive-in-face-of-death-20110817-1ixsq.html |title=Bali Nine pair positive in face of death |agency=AAP |work=The Sydney Morning Herald |author=Salna, Karlis |date=17 Agustus 2011 |access-date=12 Juni 2022 |archive-date=8 November 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111108034722/http://news.smh.com.au/breaking-news-world/bali-nine-pair-positive-in-face-of-death-20110817-1ixsq.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Dia berperan penting dalam membuka ruang komputer dan seni dan juga mendorong untuk mendirikan kursus akuntansi dan hukum, meskipun tidak berhasil. Pada bulan Februari 2015 [[Universitas Curtin]] menganugerahkan Sukumaran dengan gelar asosiasi dalam Seni Rupa.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.smh.com.au/entertainment/art-and-design/archibald-move-for-bali-nine-artist-20130216-2ejo6.html | work=The Sydney Morning Herald | title=Archibald move for Bali Nine artist | access-date=12 Juni 2022 | archive-date=19 Februari 2013 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130219155336/http://www.smh.com.au/entertainment/art-and-design/archibald-move-for-bali-nine-artist-20130216-2ejo6.html | url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.news.com.au/world/death-row-prisoner-myuran-sukumaran-awarded-associate-degree-in-fine-arts/story-fndir2ev-1227242180369|work=news.com.au|title=Death-row prisoner Myuran Sukumaran awarded Associate Degree in Fine Arts|date=28 Februari 2015|access-date=12 Juni 2022|archive-date=21 Maret 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150321121059/http://www.news.com.au/world/death-row-prisoner-myuran-sukumaran-awarded-associate-degree-in-fine-arts/story-fndir2ev-1227242180369|url-status=live}}</ref> Dia juga memulai bisnis yang menjual karya seni dan merek pakaian yang bernama ''Kingpin Clothing''.<ref name="Dateline"/><ref>{{cite news |title=Andrew Chan and Myuran Sukumaran admit to roles in Bali Nine drug ring |url=http://www.dailytelegraph.com.au/news/andrew-chan-and-myuran-sukumaran-admit-to-roles-in-bali-nine-drug-ring/story-e6freuy9-1225905005776 |work=The Herald Sun |author1=Wockner, Cindy |author2=Suriadi, Komang |date=13 Agustus 2010 |access-date=12 Juni 2022 |archive-date=4 Oktober 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121004211123/http://www.dailytelegraph.com.au/news/andrew-chan-and-myuran-sukumaran-admit-to-roles-in-bali-nine-drug-ring/story-e6freuy9-1225905005776 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Finding a new meaning to life . . . on death row in Bali |work=The Advertiser |location=Australia |url=http://www.adelaidenow.com.au/news/national/finding-a-new-meaning-to-life-on-death-row-in-bali/story-e6frea8c-1225846198891 |date=26 Maret 2010 |access-date=12 Juni 2022|archive-date=25 Februari 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120225044747/http://www.adelaidenow.com.au/news/national/finding-a-new-meaning-to-life-on-death-row-in-bali/story-e6frea8c-1225846198891 |url-status=live }}</ref> Sukumaran ditunjuk sebagai kepala sekelompok lebih dari 20 tahanan, termasuk mereka yang menghadapi eksekusi dan ditempatkan di sayap keamanan maksimum penjara. Perannya termasuk memberikan tugas kepada tahanan di bawahnya, berhubungan dengan para penjaga, menyelesaikan perselisihan dan mengawasi hukuman ringan bagi mereka yang melanggar dalam pekerjaan mereka membersihkan, berkebun dan membuat perbaikan-perbaikan kecil di penjara.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Allard|first=Tom|date=2010-01-22|title=Lives transformed in shadow of death|url=https://www.smh.com.au/world/lives-transformed-in-shadow-of-death-20100122-mqvn.html|website=The Sydney Morning Herald|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120225023033/http://www.smh.com.au/world/lives-transformed-in-shadow-of-death-20100122-mqvn.html#ixzz1PDTvoQkC|archive-date=25 Februari 2012|access-date=2022-06-12}}</ref>
Sukumaran melukis banyak potret dirinya saat berada di Nusakambangan.<ref>{{cite web|author=Topsfield, Jewel|date=28 April 2015|title=Bali nine executions: Myuran Sukumaran's haunting final paintings|url=http://www.smh.com.au/world/bali-nine-executions-myuran-sukumarans-haunting-final-paintings-20150428-1mv8qy.html|work=The Sydney Morning Herald|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150429132718/http://www.smh.com.au/world/bali-nine-executions-myuran-sukumarans-haunting-final-paintings-20150428-1mv8qy.html|archive-date=29 April 2015|access-date=12 Juni 2022|url-status=live}}</ref> Lukisan terakhirnya menggambarkan [[bendera Indonesia]] yang berdarah.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-04-29/indonesia-executes-andrew-chan-myuran-sukumaran/6428732|title=As it happened: Reaction to executions of Bali Nine pair Andrew Chan and Myuran Sukumaran|work=ABC News|location=Australia|date=29 April 2015|access-date=12 Juni 2022|archive-date=29 April 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150429144629/http://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-04-29/indonesia-executes-andrew-chan-myuran-sukumaran/6428732|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-04-29/bali-nine-sukumaran-ddeath-row-paintings/6429264|title=Bali Nine: Indonesian flag drips blood in Sukumaran's death row painting|work=ABC News|location=Australia|date=29 April 2015|access-date=12 Juni 2022|archive-date=29 April 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150429062748/http://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-04-29/bali-nine-sukumaran-ddeath-row-paintings/6429264|url-status=live}}</ref>
Bersama dengan Andrew Chan, ia masuk [[Kekristenan|Kristen]] saat dipenjara.<ref>{{cite interview|last=Buckingham|first=Pastor Rob|subject-link=|interviewer=Andrew West|title=Pastor Rob Buckingham speaks after Bali Nine executions|url=http://www.abc.net.au/radionational/programs/religionandethicsreport/pastor-rob-buckingham-speaks-after-bali-nine-executions/6430782|publisher=[[Radio National]]|location=Australia|date=29 April 2015|work=Religion and Ethics Report|access-date=12 Juni 2022|type=transcript|archive-date=30 April 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150430230346/http://www.abc.net.au/radionational/programs/religionandethicsreport/pastor-rob-buckingham-speaks-after-bali-nine-executions/6430782|url-status=live}}</ref> Sebelum kematiannya, ia sedang mengerjakan gelar sarjana di bidang Seni Rupa dari [[Universitas Curtin]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Quilty|first=Ben|date=23 Januari 2015|title=Archived copy|url=http://www.smh.com.au/comment/a-day-with-myuran-sukumaran-a-remarkable-artist-who-wont-give-up-in-the-face-of-bleak-destiny-20150122-12vu79.html|website=The Sydney Morning Herald|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150125045549/http://www.smh.com.au/comment/a-day-with-myuran-sukumaran-a-remarkable-artist-who-wont-give-up-in-the-face-of-bleak-destiny-20150122-12vu79.html|archive-date=25 Januari 2015|access-date=12 Juni 2022|url-status=live}}</ref> Seniman Australia [[Matthew Sleeth]], yang menjalankan lokakarya seni di dalam lapas Kerobokan, menyebutnya sebagai "murid terbaik" yang pernah dilihatnya.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Annabel|first=Ross|date=30 April 2015|title=Bali nine: Myuran Sukumaran the best art student I ever had, says Matthew Sleeth|url=http://www.smh.com.au/entertainment/art-and-design/bali-nine-myuran-sukumaran-the-best-art-student-i-ever-had-says-matthew-sleeth-20150430-1mw6n1.html|website=The Sydney Morning Herald|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150506032446/http://www.smh.com.au/entertainment/art-and-design/bali-nine-myuran-sukumaran-the-best-art-student-i-ever-had-says-matthew-sleeth-20150430-1mw6n1.html|archive-date=6 Mei 2015|access-date=12 Juni 2022|url-status=live}}</ref>
==Eksekusi dan pemakaman==
Atas perintah pemerintah Indonesia, Sukumaran dieksekusi oleh regu penembah pada 29 April 2015 [[Waktu Indonesia Tengah|WITA]] bersama dengan Chan dan enam tahanan lainnya (empat warganegara Nigeria, seorang warga Brasil dan seorang warga Indonesia). Sukumaran dan tujuh lainnya menolak untuk memakai penutup mata.
Pemakaman Sukumaran dilakukan di Dayspring Church, [[Castle Hill, New South Wales|Castle Hill]] pada 9 Mei 2015.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Allard|first=Tom|date=2015-05-09|title=Bali nine: Hundreds farewell Myuran Sukumaran at Sydney funeral|url=https://www.smh.com.au/national/bali-nine-hundreds-farewell-myuran-sukumaran-at-sydney-funeral-20150509-ggxsda.html|website=The Sydney Morning Herald|language=en|access-date=2022-06-12}}</ref>
==Rujukan==
Baris 37 ⟶ 56:
{{Lifetime|1981|2015}}
[[Kategori:Tokoh yang dihukum mati]]
[[Kategori:Tokoh Tamil Sri Lanka]]
[[Kategori:Tokoh Australia]]
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