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[[Berkas:20091109-TurboJET Barca.jpg|jmpl|Foilcat. Hydrofoil katamaran.]]
[[Berkas:Hydrofoil types.svg|450px|jmpl|The two types of hydrofoils: surface-piercing and fully submerged]]
▲Sebuah '''hydrofoil''' adalah sebuah kapal dengan foil seperti-sayap di strut di bawah [[hull]]. Ketika kapal meningkatkan kecepatannya hydrofoil memproduksi [[gaya angkat]] sehingga hullnya terangkat dan keluar dari air. Ini menyebabkan pengurangan [[gesekan]] dan oleh karena itu peningkatan dalam kecepatan.
▲Hydrofoil awal menggunakan foil berbentuk-U. Hydrofoil jenis ini dikenal sebagai ''surface-piercing'' karena sebagian dari hydrofoil ini akan terangkat di atas permukaan air. Hydrofoil modern menggunakan foil berbentuk-T yang keseluruhannya berada di bawah air. Hydrofoil selam lebih tidak terkena efek ombak, oleh karena itu mereka lebih stabil di laut dan lebih nyaman bagi para awak dan penumpang. Namun begitu konfigurasi ini tidak menstabilkan-sendiri. Sudut serang hydrofoil harus disesuaikan berkelanjutan dengan kondisi yang terus berubah, sebuah proses kontrol yang dilakukan oleh komputer. Kegagalan membuat penyesuaian yang benar akan menimbulkan hull berbenturan dengan permukaan laut.
▲Hydrofoil merupakan salah satu kapal angkut tercepat dengan kecepatan 114 km/jam.
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Baron von Schertel worked on hydrofoils prior to and during World War II in [[Germany]]. After the war Schertel's team was captured by the Russians. Schertel himself went to [[Switzerland]], where he established the Supramar company. In [[1952]], Supramar launched the first commercial hydrofoil, PT10, in Lake Maggiore, between Switzerland and [[Italy]]. The PT10 is of surface-piercing type, it can carry 32 passengers and travel at 35 knots. From [[1952]] to [[1971]], Supramar designed many models of hydrofoils: PT20, PT50, PT75, PT100 and PT150. Except the PT150, all are of surface-piercing type. Over 150 of Supramar's design were built, most of them by Rodriquez in Italy. Hitachi in Japan had also built some under license.
The [[Soviet Union]] experimented extensively with hydrofoils, constructing hydrofoil [[ferries]] with streamlined designs, especially during the 1970s and 1980s. Such vessels include the [[Meteor (hydrofoil)|Meteor]] type and the smaller [[Voskhod]] type; these vessels have inspired people in the former Soviet Union to continue tinkering with hydrofoils and selling them to hydrofoil operators.
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The [[United States Navy|U.S. Navy]] operated combat hydrofoils, such as the [[Pegasus class hydrofoil|''Pegasus'' class]], from [[1977]] through [[1993]]. These hydrofoils were fast and well armed, and were capable of sinking all but the largest surface vessels. In their [[narcotics]] interdiction role, they were a nightmare for drug runners, being very fast, and having missiles and guns to stop anything they could not catch, as well as the ability to call in air support.
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* [[Turbojet Ferry]], which speeds passengers across the [[Pearl River Delta]] between [[Hong Kong]] and [[Macau]] in just over an hour, with an average speed of 60 knots (110 km/h). Also services [[Shenzhen]], [[Guangzhou]] and [[Kowloon]]. Operated by Shun Tak-China Travel Ship Management Limited.
* Meteor service between [[Saint Petersburg|St. Petersburg]] and [[Peterhof]], [[Peter the Great|Peter the Great's]] Summer Palace.
* Navigazione Lago Maggiore provides fast and reliable boat services with hydrofoils on the [[Lake Maggiore]] between [[Locarno]] and [[Arona]].
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== Lihat
* [[Kapal sungai]]
* [[Hydroplaning]]
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* [http://www.boeing.com/history/boeing/hydro.html Boeing's Jetfoil]
* [http://www.turbojet.com.hk Turbojet - Hong Kong to Macau Ferry]
* [http://www.foils.org/gallery/misc.htm Human powered hydrofoil examples] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150404000428/http://www.foils.org/gallery/misc.htm |date=2015-04-04 }}
* [http://foils.org The International Hydrofoil Society]
* [http://www.kjps.co.jp/english/eindex.html Kawasaki Jetfoil] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090830064921/http://www.kjps.co.jp/english/eindex.html |date=2009-08-30 }}
*
** [http://naca.larc.nasa.gov/reports/1958/naca-report-1355/ 1958-hydroplaning] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051025080929/http://naca.larc.nasa.gov/reports/1958/naca-report-1355/ |date=2005-10-25 }}
** [http://naca.larc.nasa.gov/reports/1955/naca-report-1232/ 1955-hydrofoil] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051025075659/http://naca.larc.nasa.gov/reports/1955/naca-report-1232/ |date=2005-10-25 }}
[[Category:Jenis perahu]]▼
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