M. S. Swaminathan: Perbedaan antara revisi

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| embed = yes
| birth_date = {{birth date|1925|08|07|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Kumbakonam]], [[Distrik Tanjore (Kepresidenan Madras)|Distrik Tanjore]], [[Kepresidenan Madras]], [[British India]]<br />{{small|(sekarang [[distrik Thanjavur| Thanjavur]], [[Tamil Nadu]], India)}}
| death_date = {{death date and age|2023|09|28|1925|08|07|df=y}}
| death_place = [[Chennai]], Tamil Nadu, India
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'''Mankombu Sambasivan Swaminathan''' ({{lahirmati||7|8|1925||28|9|2023}}) adalah seorang ahli agronomi, [[ilmuwan pertanian]], [[ahli genetika tanaman]], administrator, dan [[kemanusiaan]] asal India.<ref name=":5" /> Swaminathan adalah pemimpin global [[revolusi hijau]].<ref name=":4">{{cite journal |last1=Cabral |first1=Lídia |last2=Pandey |first2=Poonam |last3=Xu |first3=Xiuli |title=Epic narratives of the Green Revolution in Brazil, China, and India |journal=Agriculture and Human Values |date=3 July 2021 |volume=39 |pages=249–267 |doi=10.1007/s10460-021-10241-x |s2cid=237804269 }}</ref> Ia disebut sebagai arsitek utama{{Efn|Sejumlah orang telah diakui atas upaya mereka selama Revolusi Hijau di India. [[Chidambaram Subramaniam]], menteri pangan dan pertanian pada saat itu, [[Bharat Ratna]], disebut sebagai '''Bapak Politik Revolusi Hijau'''.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Dugger|first=Celia W.|date=2000-11-10|title=Chidambaram Subramaniam, India's 'Green' Rebel, 90, Dies|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2000/11/10/world/chidambaram-subramaniam-india-s-green-rebel-90-dies.html|access-date=2021-12-03|issn=0362-4331|quote=Chidambaram Subramaniam, the political architect of the ''green revolution'' in India...}}</ref> [[Dilbagh Singh Athwal]] disebut sebagai '''Bapak Revolusi Gandum'''.<ref>{{Cite web|date=15 Mei 2017|title='Father of Wheat Revolution' DS Athwal passes away|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/punjab/father-of-wheat-revolution-ds-athwal-passes-away/story-ZrvUSsethoakAa3DZl9V1J.html |access-date=2021-12-03|website=Hindustan Times|language=en}}</ref>}} [[revolusi hijau di India]] atas kepemimpinan dan perannya dalam memperkenalkan dan mengembangkan lebih lanjut varietas gandum dan beras dengan hasil tinggi.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|last=Spaeth|first=Anthony|date=23-30 August 1999|title=Asians of the Century: A Tale of Titans. M.S. Swaminathan.|volume=154|work=TIME. [[Time 100]]|issue=7/8|url=http://www.time.com/time/asia/asia/magazine/1999/990823/index.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010125001700/http://www.time.com/time/asia/asia/magazine/1999/990823/index.html|archive-date=25 January 2001}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|date=1971|title=Swaminathan, Moncompu Sambasivan|url=https://www.rmaward.asia/awardee/swaminathan-moncompu-sambasivan|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211125135625/https://www.rmaward.asia/awardee/swaminathan-moncompu-sambasivan|archive-date=25 November 2021|access-date=25 November 2021|website=[[Ramon Magsaysay Award]]|quote=ASeorang cytogeneticistahli fromsitogenetika dari India whoyang mademembuat majorkemajuan advancesbesar indalam breedingpemuliaan sturdier,jenis moretanaman productiveyang andlebih betterkuat, qualitylebih plantproduktif, dan berkualitas lebih typesbaik}}</ref> Upaya ilmiah kolaboratif Swaminathan dengan [[Norman Borlaug]], yang mempelopori gerakan massal dengan petani dan ilmuwan lain serta didukung oleh kebijakan publik, menyelamatkan India dan Pakistan dari kondisi tertentu yang mirip kelaparan pada tahun 1960-an.{{Sfn|Quinn|2015|p=418-420}}<ref name=":8">{{Cite web|last=Damodaran|first=Harish|date=13 Agustus 2015|title=A living legend: Swaminathan@90|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/a-living-legend-swaminathan90/ |access-date=2021-11-30|website=The Indian Express}}</ref> Kepemimpinannya sebagai direktur jenderal [[Institut Penelitian Padi Internasional]] (IRRI) di Filipina berperan penting dalam dianugerahinya [[Penghargaan Pangan Dunia]] pertama pada tahun 1987, yang diakui sebagai salah satu penghargaan tertinggi di bidang pertanian.{{Sfn|Quinn|2015|p=417-418}} [[Program Lingkungan Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa]] menjulukinya sebagai “Bapak Ekologi Ekonomi”.<ref name=":22"/>
 
Swaminathan menyumbangkan [[penelitian dasar]] yang berkaitan dengan kentang, gandum, dan beras, di berbagai bidang seperti sitogenetika, radiasi pengion, dan radiosensitivitas.{{Sfn|Kesavan|Iyer|p=2041-2042|2014}} Dia adalah presiden [[Konferensi Pugwash tentang Sains dan Urusan Dunia|Konferensi Pugwash]] dan [[Persatuan Internasional untuk Konservasi Alam]].{{Sfn|Gopalkrishnan|2002|p=2}}{{Sfn|Kesavan|Iyer|p=2045}} Pada tahun 1999, ia adalah salah satu dari tiga orang India, bersama dengan [[Mahatma Gandhi|Gandhi]] dan [[Rabindranath Tagore|Tagore]], dalam daftar 20 orang Asia paling berpengaruh di abad ke-20 versi [[Time (majalah)|''Time'']]''<nowiki/>'s'' list of the 20 most influential Asian people of the 20th century.<ref name=":0" /> Swaminathan menerima berbagai penghargaan dan penghargaan, termasuk [[Daftar penerima Hadiah Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar|Penghargaan Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar]], [[Penghargaan Ramon Magsaysay]], dan [[Penghargaan Sains Dunia Albert Einstein]].<ref name=":22">{{Cite web|last=Worth|first=Brett|title=M.S. Swaminathan (Honorary)|url=https://thp.org/board/m-s-swaminathan/|access-date=2021-11-25|website=The Hunger Project|language=en}}</ref> Swaminathan mengetuai [[Komisi Nasional Petani]] pada tahun 2004, yang merekomendasikan cara-cara jangka panjang untuk meningkatkan sistem pertanian India.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Mishra|first=Dheeraj|date=27 December 2020|title=Reality Belies Modi Govt Claims of Implementing Swaminathan Commission's Report|url=https://thewire.in/government/reality-belies-modi-government-implementing-swaminathan-commission-recommendations |access-date=2021-11-26|website=The Wire}}</ref> Dia adalah pendiri [[MS Swaminathan Research Foundation|yayasan penelitian eponymous]].<ref name=":0" /> Dia menciptakan istilah '[[Revolusi Evergreen]]' pada tahun 1990 untuk menggambarkan visinya tentang "produktivitas selamanya tanpa kerusakan ekologis terkait".<ref name=":4" />{{Sfn|Quinn|2015|p=426|ps=...'Revolusi Evergreen' berarti meningkatkan produktivitas pertanian selamanya tanpa menimbulkan kerusakan ekologis...}} Ia dicalonkan menjadi anggota [[Parlemen India]] untuk satu masa jabatan antara tahun 2007 dan 2013.<ref name=":10">{{Cite web|title=M.S. Swaminathan|url=https://prsindia.org/mptrack/rajya-sabha/msswaminathan |access-date=2021-11-30|website=PRS Legislative Research (PRSIndia)}}</ref> Selama masa jabatannya, ia mengajukan rancangan undang-undang untuk pengakuan terhadap perempuan petani di India.<ref name=":11">{{Cite web|last=Bedi|first=Bani|date=30 July 2018|title=The Centre Is Barely Serious About Recognising Women as Farmers|url=https://thewire.in/women/women-farmers-agriculture-rights |access-date=2021-11-30|website=The Wire}}</ref>
 
== Bacaan lebih lanjut ==
* {{cite journal |last1=Hariharan |first1=G. N. |last2=Kesavan |first2=P. C. |title=Birth and growth of M.S. Swaminathan Research Foundation, Chennai |journal=Current Science |date=2015 |volume=109 |issue=3 |pages=502–512 |jstor=24906104 }}
* {{cite journal |last1=Denning |first1=Glenn |title=Fostering international collaboration for food security and sustainable development: a personal perspective of M. S. Swaminathan's vision, impact and legacy for humanity |journal=Current Science |date=2015 |volume=109 |issue=3 |pages=447–455 |jstor=24906099 }}
* {{cite journal |last1=Rabbinge |first1=Rudy |title=M. S. Swaminathan: his contributions to science and public policy |journal=Current Science |date=2015 |volume=109 |issue=3 |pages=439–446 |jstor=24906098 }}
* {{cite journal |last1=Yadugiri |first1=V. T. |title=M. S. Swaminathan |journal=Current Science |date=2011 |volume=101 |issue=8 |pages=996–1002 |jstor=24079264 }}
* {{Cite magazine|last=Singh|first=Kamal|date=January 2016|title=M S Swaminathan "Father of Indian Green Revolution". Interview.|url=http://www.biotechexpressmag.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/Interview-Prof-M-S-Swaminathan.pdf|magazine=Biotech Express|volume=3|issue=30|pages=6–17|issn=2454-6968|ref={{sfnref|Biotech Express|2016}}}}
* {{Cite journal|last=Kalyane|first=V.L.|date=July–September 1992|title=Dr M.S. Swaminathan - Biologist Par Excellence|url=https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/11877006.pdf|journal=Biology Education|pages=246–248|via=[[CORE (research service)|CORE]], [[Open University]]}}
* {{Cite journal|last1=Kesavan|first1=P. C.|last2=Iyer|first2=R. D.|date=25 December 2014|title=M. S. Swaminathan: a journey from the frontiers of life sciences to the state of a 'Zero Hunger' world|journal=Current Science|volume=107|issue=12|pages=2036–2051}}
 
=== Biografi ===
;Buku
* {{cite book |last1=Gopalkrishnan |first1=G |title=M.S. Swaminathan: One Man's Quest for a Hunger-free World |date=2002 |publisher=Education Development Centre |oclc=643489739 }}
* {{cite book |last1=Iyer |first1=R. D. |title=Scientist and Humanist: M.S. Swaminathan |date=2002 |publisher=Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan |isbn=978-81-7276-260-5 }}
* — {{Citation|last=Iyer|first=R. D.|title=An extract from Scientist and Humanist: M. S. Swaminathan.|url=http://www.harmonyindia.org/hportal/VirtualPageView.jsp?page_id=1432|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927143642/http://www.harmonyindia.org/hportal/VirtualPageView.jsp?page_id=1432|others=harmonyindia.org|ref={{sfnref|Iyer, Scientist and Humanist: M. S. Swaminathan|2002}}|archive-date=27 September 2007}}
* {{cite book |last1=Kesavan |first1=P. C. |title=M.S. Swaminathan: Legend In Science And Beyond |date=2017 |publisher=World Scientific |isbn=978-981-320-011-1 }}
* {{cite thesis |last1=Parasuraman |title=Perasiriyar Maa Saa Swaminathan Vazhum Panium |date=13 August 2020 |hdl=10603/294255 |hdl-access=free}}
* {{cite book |last1=Erdélyi |first1=András |title=The Man who Harvests Sunshine: The Modern Gandhi: M.S. Swaminathan |date=2002 |publisher=Tertia |isbn=978-963-9387-08-9 }}
* {{cite book |last1=Dil |first1=Anwar S |last2=Swaminathan |first2=Monkombu Sambasivan |title=Life and work of M. S. Swaminathan toward a hunger-free world |date=2005 |publisher=East West Books (Madras) |isbn=978-81-88661-33-6 |oclc=1068850456 }}
* {{Cite book|last=Deulgaonkar|first=Atul|title=स्वामीनाथन: भूकमुक्तीचा ध्यास|publisher=Sadhana Prakashan|year=2000|isbn=978-93-86273-19-2|trans-title=Swaminathan: Bhukmukticha Dhyas (Liberator from hunger)}}
 
;Biografi Singkat
* {{cite journal |last1=Quinn |first1=Kenneth M. |title=M. S. Swaminathan-Scientist, Hunger Fighter, World Food Prize Laureate |journal=Current Science |date=1 August 2015 |volume=109 |issue=3 |pages=417–429 |id={{EBSCOhost|108871418}} |doi=10.18520/cs/v109/i3/417-429 |doi-broken-date=1 August 2023 |url=http://www.ischolar.info/index.php/CURS/article/view/86519 }}
* {{cite book |last=Gopalan |first=Shanti |title=Scientists of International Repute |publisher=Sura Books |isbn=978-81-7478-628-9 |pages=39–44 }}
 
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== Kutipan ==