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{{Infobox orang}}
'''Yafet''' ('''יֶפֶת''' / '''יָפֶת''' "memperluas", [[Ibrani Standar]] '''Yéfet''' / '''Yáfet''', [[Ibrani Tiberias]] '''{{Unicode|Yép̄eṯ}}''' / '''{{Unicode|Yāp̄eṯ}}''') adalah salah seorang putra [[Nuh]] yang turut masuk ke dalam [[bahtera Nuh|bahtera]] sehingga selamat dari [[Air bah (Nuh)|bencana air bah]]), menurut catatan [[Alkitab Ibrani]] dan [[Perjanjian Lama]] di [[Alkitab]] [[Kristen]]. Ada yang menganggapnya anak bungsu, meskipun sebagian tradisi menganggapnya sebagai anak sulung.
{{Alkitab|Kejadian 10:21}} merujuk kepada usia Yafet dan saudaranya [[Sem]], tetapi isinya tidak jelas sehingga muncullah berbagai terjemahan. Ayat ini diterjemahkan dalam [[Versi Raja James|KJV]] demikian:
:''"Unto Shem also, the father of all the children of [[Eber]], the brother of '''Japheth the elder''', even to him were children born."''
:Bagi Sem pula, bapak dari semua anak [[Eber]], saudara dari '''Yafet yang lebih tua''', bahkan kepadanya dilahirkan anak-anak."
== Istilah dan kehidupan ==
[[Terjemahan Lama]] dan [[Firman Allah Yang Hidup]] mengambil posisi ini:
:Arakian, maka jadi pula anak laki-laki Sem, yaitu bapa segala bani Heber dan saudara Yafet, yang tua.
:Eber adalah keturunan Sem adik Yafet.
Namun, [[New American Standard Bible]] menerjemahkan:
:''"Also to Shem, the father of all the children of Eber, and the '''older brother of Japheth''', children were born."''
:Juga bagi Sem, bapak dari semua anak Eber, dan '''abang dari Yafet''', dilahirkan anak-anak."
[[Terjemahan Baru]] mengambil posisi ini:
:Lahirlah juga anak-anak bagi Sem, bapa semua anak Eber serta abang Yafet.
James Ussher dalam karyanya ''The Annals of the Old Testament from the Beginning of the World'' mencatat Yafet dilahirkan pada 1556 [[Anno Mundi|AM]] atau 2448 [[SM]], dua tahun sebelum Sem.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://gospelpedlar.com/articles/Bible/Usher.pdf |title=''The Annals of the Old Testament from the Beginning of the World'' |access-date=2021-08-19 |archive-date=2022-01-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220117223948/https://gospelpedlar.com/articles/Bible/Usher.pdf |dead-url=yes }}</ref> Sementara ayat terakhir dari [[Kejadian 5]] secara singkat menulis bahwa "Setelah Nuh berumur lima ratus tahun, ia memperanakkan Sem, Ham dan Yafet."
Dalam kutipan [[bahasa Arab]], namanya biasanya disebutkan sebagai '''Yafet (يافث) bin Nuh''' (Yafet anak Nuh).
Bagi orang [[Yahudi]], [[Muslim]], dan [[Kristen]] yang menganggap [[genealogi]] [[Kitab Kejadian]] secara historis akurat, Yafet biasanya dianggap sebagai bapak dari semua [[bangsa Eropa]]. Kaitan antara Yafet dan bangsa Eropa muncul dari ''{{Alkitab|Kejadian 10:5}}, yang menyatakan bahwa anak-anak Yafet berpencar menjadi "bangsa-bangsa daerah pesisir" yang umumnya diyakini sebagai kepulauan [[Yunani]]. Menurut kitab itu, Yafet dan kedua saudara lelakinya membentuk tiga [[ras]] utama:
* Yafet adalah nenek moyang ras [[Yafetik]]
* [[Ham (tokoh Alkitab)|Ham]] adalah nenek moyang ras [[Hamitik]]
* [[Sem]] adalah nenek moyang ras [[Semit]]
Istilah "Yafetik" juga diterapkan oleh [[William Jones (filolog)|William Jones]] dan para [[ahli bahasa]] pra-[[Darwinian]] lainnya terhadap apa yang kelak dikenal sebagai kelompok [[bahasa Indo-Eropa]]. Dalam pengertian lain, istilah ini juga digunakan oleh ahli bahasa [[Soviet]] [[Nikolai Marr]] dalam [[teori Yafetik (linguistik)|teori Yafetiknya]].
== Anak ==
Dalam Alkitab, Yafet digambarkan mempunyai tujuh orang anak lelaki: [[Gomer (Kejadian)|Gomer]], [[Magog (Alkitab)|Magog]], [[Tirasy]], [[Yawan]], [[Mesekh]], [[Tubal]], dan [[Madai]]. Menurut [[Yosefus]] (''[[Antiquities of the Jews]]'' I.6):
:"Yafet, anak Nuh, mempunyai tujuh orang anak lelaki: mulanya mereka menetap di pegunungan [[Taurus]] dan [[Amanus]], kemudian mereka pindah ke Asia, hingga ke sungai [[Tanais]] (Don), dan hingga ke Eropa sampai ke [[Cadiz]]; dan menempati negeri-negeri yang mereka datangi, yang sebelumnya tidak berpenghuni. Mereka menamai bangsa-bangsa sesuai dengan nama-nama mereka sendiri."
== Keturunan ==
Yosefus kemudian menguraikan secara terinci bangsa-bangsa yang konon merupakan keturunan dari ketujuh anak lelaki Yafet.
Di antara berbagai bangsa itu para penulis yang belakangan telah mencoba membaginya sebagai berikut:
* Yawan: [[Yunani]] ([[Ionia]])
* Magog: [[Skitia]], [[
* Madai: [[Mitani]], [[Manai]], [[Media]], [[Persia]], [[Indo-Arya]], [[Kurdi]]
* Tubal: [[Tabal
* Tiras: [[Traisa]], [[Goth]], [[Jute]], [[Teuton]]
* Mesekh: [[Frigia]]
* Gomer: [[Skitia]], [[Turkik]], [[
<!--In the same vein, [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]]n nationalist histories associate Japheth's sons with certain ancient tribes, called [[Tubal]]s ([[Tabal]]s, ''Tibarenoi'' in Greek) and [[Meshech]]s (Meshekhs/Mosokhs, ''Moschoi'' in Greek), who they claim represent non-Indo-European and non-Semitic, possibly "Proto-Iberian" tribes of [[Asia Minor]] of the [[3rd millennium BC|3rd]]-[[1st millennium BC|1st millennias BC]].
In the [[19th century]], Biblical [[syncretism|syncretists]] associated the [[sons of Noah]] with ancient pagan gods. Japheth was identified by some scholars with figures from other mythologies, including [[Iapetos (mythology)|Iapetos]], the [[Greek mythology|Greek]] [[Titan (mythology)|Titan]]; the [[India]]n figures ''[[Dyaus Pitar]]'' and ''[[Pra-Japati]]'', and the [[Roman mythology|Roman]] ''Iu-Pater'' or "Father Jove", which became [[Jupiter (god)|Jupiter]]. Some or all of these resemblances may be mere coincidence; the actual [[Proto-Indo-European language|Proto-Indo-European]] [[etymology]] of [[Latin]] ''Iuppiter'' or ''Iūpiter'', i.e. "Jupiter", is usually reconstructed as *''dyeu-pəter'', "sky-father" (the [[*]] denotes a hypothetical, unattested form).
[[William Shakespeare]]'s play ''[[Henry IV, Part II]]'' contains a wry comment about people who claim to be related to royal families. [[Henry V of England|Prince Hal]] notes of such people,
:''...they will be kin to us, or they will fetch it from Japhet.'' (II.ii 117-18)
Genesis 10:5 was often interpreted to mean that the peoples of Europe were descended from Japheth. Clearly, then, any two Englishmen must have at least this one ancestor in common, and thus any individual could claim kinship with the king.-->
== Referensi ==
=== Catatan kaki ===
{{Reflist}}
=== Sumber ===
{{refbegin}}
* {{Cite book
| last = Bremmer
| first = Jan N.
| author-link = Jan N. Bremmer
| chapter = Remember the Titans!
| editor1-last = Auffarth
| editor1-first = Christoph
| editor1-link = Christoph Auffarth
| editor2-last = Stuckenbruck
| editor2-first = Loren T.
| editor2-link = Loren Stuckenbruck
| title = The Fall of the Angels
| year = 2004
| publisher = BRILL
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=lhNyGFkT3QYC
| isbn = 9004126686
}}
* {{Cite book
| last = Day
| first = John
| chapter = Noah's Drunkenness, the Curse of Canaan
| editor1-last = Baer
| editor1-first = David A.
| editor2-last = Gordon
| editor2-first = Robert P.
| title = Leshon Limmudim: Essays on the Language and Literature of the Hebrew Bible in Honour of A.A. Macintosh
| year = 2014
| publisher = A&C Black
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=3YJnAgAAQBAJ
| isbn = 9780567308238
}}
* {{Cite book
| last = Garcia Martinez
| first = Florentino
| title = Between Philology and Theology: Contributions to the Study of Ancient Jewish Interpretation
| year = 2012
| publisher = BRILL
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=EXF8O8Hd9KoC
| isbn = 978-9004243934
}}
* {{Cite book
| last = Glouberman
| first = Mark
| title = The Raven, the Dove, and the Owl of Minerva: The Creation of Humankind in Athens and Jerusalem
| year = 2012
| publisher = University of Toronto Press
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=GgHWfi4B6eEC
| isbn = 9781442645059
}}
* {{Cite book
| last = Gmirkin
| first = Russell
| title = Berossus and Genesis, Manetho and Exodus: Hellenistic Histories and the Date of the Pentateuch
| year = 2006
| publisher = Bloomsbury
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=CKuoAwAAQBAJ
| isbn = 9780567134394
}}
* {{Cite book
| last = Greenspahn
| first = Frederick E.
| title = When Brothers Dwell Together: The Preeminence of Younger Siblings in the Hebrew Bible
| year = 1994
| publisher = Oxford University Press
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=oN9pzqTWUzUC&q=Japheth
| isbn = 9780195359558
}}
*{{Cite book
| last = Greifenhagen
| first = Franz V.
| title = Egypt on the Pentateuch's Ideological Map
| publisher = Bloomsbury
| year = 2003
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=r1evAwAAQBAJ&q=%22final+form+sometime+in+the+Persian+period%22&pg=PA207
| isbn = 9780567391360
}}
* {{Cite book
| last = Haynes
| first = Stephen R.
| title = Noah's Curse: The Biblical Justification of American Slavery
| year = 2002
| publisher = Oxford University Press
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=KS3fXC7X3jcC&q=Noah%27s+Curse%3A+The+Biblical+Justification+of+American+Slavery
| isbn = 9780198032601
}}
* {{Cite book
| last = Hunt
| first = Harry B., Jr.
| chapter = Japheth
| editor1-last = Mills
| editor1-first = Watson E.
| editor2-last = Bullard
| editor2-first = Roger Aubrey
| title = Mercer Dictionary of the Bible
| year = 1990
| publisher = Mercer University Press
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=goq0VWw9rGIC
| isbn = 9780865543737
}}
* {{Cite book |last=Kidd |first=Colin |author-link=Colin Kidd |year=2004 |orig-year=1999 |title=British Identities Before Nationalism: Ethnicity and Nationhood in the Atlantic World, 1600-1800 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=I2EIlJISeUMC&pg=PA28 |location=[[Cambridge]] |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |isbn=0-521-62403-7 }}
* {{Cite book
| last = Kvanvig
| first = Helge
| title = Primeval History: Babylonian, Biblical, and Enochic: An Intertextual Reading
| year = 2011
| publisher = BRILL
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=e1hnJYbShWMC
| isbn = 978-9004163805
}}
* {{Cite book
| last1 = Thompson
| first1 = Thomas L.
| last2 = Wajdenbaum
| first2 = Philippe
| chapter = Making Room for Japheth
| editor1-last = Thompson
| editor1-first = Thomas L.
| editor2-last = Wajdenbaum
| editor2-first = Philippe
| title = The Bible and Hellenism: Greek Influence on Jewish and Early Christian Literature
| year = 2014
| publisher = Routledge
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=yFNsBAAAQBAJ
| isbn = 9781317544265
}}
* {{Cite book
| last = Wajbenbaum
| first = Philippe
| chapter = Genesis-Kings as a Platonic Epic
| editor1-last = Hjelm
| editor1-first = Ingrid
| editor2-last = Thompson
| editor2-first = Thomas L.
| title = Biblical Interpretation Beyond Historicity
| year = 2016
| publisher = Routledge
| isbn = 9781317428121
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=wDt-CwAAQBAJ
}}
{{refend}}
== Lihat pula ==
* [[Air bah (Nuh)]]
* [[Anak-anak Nuh]] yang lain: [[Sem]] dan [[Ham (tokoh Alkitab)|Ham]]
* [[Ararat]]
* [[Bahtera Nuh]]
* [[Durupinar]]
* [[Ras Kaukasian]]
* [[Yafetk]]
Baris 48 ⟶ 220:
* {{en}} [http://jewishencyclopedia.com/view.jsp?artid=154&letter=J&search=japheth Yafet] dalam [[Jewish Encyclopedia]]
* {{en}} [http://www.complete-bible-genealogy.com/names/japheth_28.htm pohon keluarga Yafet] dalam complete-bible-genealogy.com
{{Anak Nuh}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Yafet}}
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