Rainer Maria Rilke: Perbedaan antara revisi

{{Infobox Writerwriter

| name = Rainer Maria Rilke

| image = rilkeRilke in Moscow by L.Pasternak (1928).jpg

| imagesize = 200px

| caption = PotretSebuah Rainer Mariapotret Rilke dicat dua tahun setelah kematiannya oleh [[PaulaLeonid Modersohn-Becker]].Pasternak

| pseudonym =

| birth_place = [[Praha]], [[Kerajaan Bohemia|Bohemia]], [[Austria-Hungaria]] (sekarang [[Republik Ceko]])

| occupation death_place = [[PenyairMontreux, Swiss]]

| nationality = [[Austria]]Austrian

| genre period = 1894–1925

|genre subject =

| movement =

Ia dilahirkan dengan nama René Karl Wilhelm Johann Josef Maria Rilke di [[Praha]], [[Bohemia]] (saat itu merupakan wilayah [[Austria-HongariaHungaria]], kini [[Ceko]]). Masa kanak-kanak dan remajanya di Praha tidak bahagia. Ayahnya, Josef Rilke (1838-1906), menjadi pegawai kereta api setelah gagal berkarier sebagai militer. Ibunya, Sophie ("Phia") Entz (1851-1931), berasal dari sebuah keluarga kaya pemilik pabrik di Praha, keluarga Entz-Kinzelberger, yang tinggal di sebuah istana di Herrengasse (Panská) 8, tempat René juga melewati sebagian besar masa kanak-kanaknya. Perkawinan orangtuanya berantakan pada 1884. Hubungan antara Phia dengan anak lelaki satu-satunya pun terganggu karena dukacitanya yang panjang untuk anak perempuannya, kakak Rene. Setelah itu, ia memaksa René untuk mengambil peranan kakaknya, termasuk mendandaninya dengan pakaian perempuan ketika ia masih muda.[http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/books/chap1/lifeofapoet.htm]

At first, Rilke had a difficult time in Paris, an experience that he called on in the first part of his only novel, ''[[The Notebooks of Malte Laurids Brigge]]''. At the same time, his encounter with modernism was very stimulating: Rilke became deeply involved in the sculpture of Rodin, and then with the work of [[Paul Cézanne]]. For a time he acted as Rodin's amanuensis, eventually writing a long essay on Rodin and his work. Rodin taught him the value of objective observation, which led to Rilke's ''Dinggedichten'' ("thing-poems"), a famous example of this is "[http://rainer-maria-rilke.de/080027panther.html Der Panther]" ("The Panther"). During these years, Paris increasingly became the writer's main residence.

The outbreak of [[World War I]] surprised Rilke during a stay in Germany. He was unable to return to Paris, where his property was confiscated and auctioned. He spent the greater part of the war in Munich. From 1914 to 1916 he had a turbulent affair with the painter [[Lou Albert-Lasard]].

On [[June 11]], [[1919]], Rilke traveled from Munich to [[Switzerland]]. The outward motive was an invitation to lecture in Zürich, but the real reason was the wish to escape the post-war chaos and take up once again his work on the ''Duino Elegies''. The search for a suitable and affordable place to live proved to be very difficult. Among other places, Rilke lived in Soglio, [[Locarno]], and Berg am Irchel. Only in the summer of 1921 was he able to find a permanent residence in the Chateau de Muzot, close to [[Sierre]] in Valais. In May 1922, Rilke's patron Werner Reinhart purchased the building so that Rilke could live there rent-free.

In an intense creative period, Rilke completed the ''Duino Elegies'' within several weeks in February 1922. Before and after, he wrote both parts of the poem cycle ''[[Sonnets to Orpheus]]''. Both are among the high points of Rilke's work.

From 1923 on, Rilke increasingly had to struggle with health problems that necessitated many long stays at a [[sanatorium]] in [[Territet]], near [[Montreux]], on [[Lake Geneva]]. His long stay in Paris between January and August 1925 was an attempt to escape his illness through a change in location and living conditions. Despite this, numerous important individual poems appeared in the years 1923-1926 (including ''Gong'' and ''Mausoleum''), as well as a comprehensive lyrical work in French.

Only shortly before his death was Rilke's illness diagnosed as [[leukemia]]. The poet died on [[29 December]] [[1926]] in the Valmont Sanatorium in Switzerland, and was laid to rest on [[2 January]] [[1927]] in the Raron cemetery to the west of [[Visp]]. He chose his own epitaph:

''Rose, oh reiner Widerspruch, Lust,''{{<br}} />

''Niemandes Schlaf zu sein unter soviel''{{<br}} />

''Rose, oh pure contradiction, joy''{{<br}} />

''of being No-one's sleep, under so''{{<br}} />

* Rainer Maria Rilke, ''Sämtliche Werke in 12 Bänden'', 1976.

* ''Larenopfer'' (1895)

* ''Traumgekrönt'' (1897)

* ''Advent'' (1898)

* ''Mir zur Feier'' (1909)

* ''Das Stunden-Buch''

** ''Das Buch vom mönchischen Leben'' (1899)

** ''Das Buch von der Pilgerschaft'' (1901)

** ''Das Buch von der Armut und vom Tode'' (1903)

* ''Das Buch der Bilder'' (4 Teile, 1902-1906)

* ''Neue Gedichte'' (1907)

* ''Der neuen Gedichte anderer Teil'' (1908)

* ''Requiem'' (1908)

* ''Das Marien-Leben'' (1912)

* ''[[Elegi Duino|Duineser Elegien]]'' (1912/1922)

* ''Die Sonette an Orpheus'' (1922)

* ''Vergers'' (1926)

* ''Les Quatrains Valaisans'' (1926)

* ''Les Roses'' (1927)

** ''Gesammelte Briefe'' (in sechs Bänden''Letters''), 19501936-1939.

* [http://www.philipp.uni-hd.de/rilke_files.html Terjemahan puisi Rilke dalam bahasa Inggris] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061217070740/http://www.philipp.uni-hd.de/rilke_files.html |date=2006-12-17 }}

* {{gutenberg author| id=Rilke+Rainer+Maria | name=Rainer Maria Rilke}}