Deklarasi Barrington Raya: Perbedaan antara revisi

'''Deklarasi Barrington Raya''' adalah pernyataan yang mengadvokasikan pendekatan alternatif untuk mengatasi [[pandemi COVID-19]] yang menekankan "Perlindungan Terfokus" untuk mereka yang paling berisiko dan berupaya menghindari atau meminimalkan bahaya sosial dari lockdown selama pandemi COVID-19.<ref>{{Cite journal|lastname=Lenzer, Jeanne|date=7 October 2020|title=Covid-19: Group of UK and US experts argues for "focused protectionBMJ" instead of lockdowns|url=https://www.bmj.com/content/371/bmj.m3908|journal=[[British Medical Journal]]|publisher=British Medical Association|volume=371|pages=m3908|doi=10.1136/bmj.m3908|pmid=33028622|access-date=18 October 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Sample|first=Ian|date=7 October 2020|title=Why herd immunity strategy is regarded as fringe viewpoint|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/oct/07/why-herd-immunity-strategy-is-regarded-as-fringe-viewpoint|work=The Guardian|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201010024403/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/oct/07/why-herd-immunity-strategy-is-regarded-as-fringe-viewpoint|archive-date=10 October 2020|access-date=10 October 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Ditulis oleh Sunetra Gupta dari [[Universitas Oxford]], Jay Bhattacharya dari [[Universitas Stanford]], dan Martin Kulldorff dari [[Universitas Harvard]], buku ini disusun di American Institue for Economic Research di Barrington Raya, [[Massachusetts]], dan ditandatangani di sana pada 4 Oktober 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|date=5 October 2020|titlename="AIER Hosts Top Epidemiologists, Authors of the Great Barrington Declaration|url=https:"//www.aier.org/article/aier-hosts-top-epidemiologists-authors-of-the-great-barrington-declaration/|publisher=American Institute for Economic Research|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201009174054/https://www.aier.org/article/aier-hosts-top-epidemiologists-authors-of-the-great-barrington-declaration/|archive-date=9 October 2020|access-date=10 October 2020|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":7">{{Cite news|last=Reynolds|first=Matt|date=7 October 2020|title=There is no 'scientific divide' over herd immunity. There's a lot of talk of scientists divided over COVID-19, but when you look at the evidence any so-called divide starts to evaporate|url=https://www.wired.co.uk/article/great-barrington-declaration-herd-immunity-scientific-divide|work=Wired|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201007130628/https://www.wired.co.uk/article/great-barrington-declaration-herd-immunity-scientific-divide|archive-date=7 October 2020|access-date=7 October 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>

Deklarasi tersebut menyerukan individu dengan risiko kematian yang jauh lebih rendah akibat COVID-19 - serta mereka yang berisiko lebih tinggi yang memiliki keinginan untuknya- diizinkan untuk melanjutkan kehidupan normal mereka, bekerja secara normal di tempat kerja biasa daripada di rumah, bersosialisasi di bar dan restoran, dan berkumpul di acara olahraga dan budaya. Deklarasi tersebut mengklaim bahwa peningkatan infeksi pada mereka yang berisiko lebih rendah akan mengarah pada penumpukan kekebalan dalam populasi yang pada akhirnya juga akan melindungi mereka yang berisiko lebih tinggi dari [[Koronavirus sindrom pernapasan akut berat 2|virus SARS-CoV-2]].<ref>{{Cite news|lastname=Sample|first=Ian|date=6 October 2020|title=Scientists call for herd immunity Covid strategy for young|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/oct/06/scientists-call-for-herd-immunity-covid-strategy-for-young|work=[[The "Guardian]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201006182539/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/oct/06/scientists-call-for-herd-immunity-covid-strategy-for-young|archive-date=6 October 2020|access-date=6 October 2020|url-status=live}}<"/ref> Deklarasi tersebut tidak menyebutkan [[Pemberlakuan pembatasan sosial terkait COVID-19|jarak fisik]], [[Masker dalam pandemi COVID-19|masker]], [[Pelacakan kontak|pelacakan]],<ref name=":1">{{Cite news|last=Kirkey|first=Sharon|date=9 October 2020|title=New declaration calls for 'focused protection' to achieve COVID-19 herd immunity. Critics say it would be deadly|url=https://nationalpost.com/health/new-declaration-calls-for-forced-protection-to-achieve-covid-19-herd-immunity-critics-say-it-would-be-deadly|work=National Post|location=Toronto, Canada|archive-url=https://archive.today/20210126202604/https://nationalpost.com/health/new-declaration-calls-for-forced-protection-to-achieve-covid-19-herd-immunity-critics-say-it-would-be-deadly|archive-date=26 January 2021|access-date=10 October 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> atau [[COVID-19 jangka panjang|COVID panjang]] yang membuat pasien menderita gejala bahkan sampai berbulan-bulan setelah infeksi awal.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Staff|date=2020-10-09|title=Herd immunity letter signed by fake experts including 'Dr Johnny Bananas'|url=http://www.irishnews.com/magazine/daily/2020/10/09/news/herd-immunity-letter-signed-by-fake-experts-including-dr-johnny-bananas--2093577/|work=The Irish News|language=en|access-date=2020-10-16}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Staff|date=2020-10-06|title=expert reaction to Barrington Declaration, an open letter arguing against lockdown policies and for 'Focused Protection'|url=https://www.sciencemediacentre.org/expert-reaction-to-barrington-declaration-an-open-letter-arguing-against-lockdown-policies-and-for-focused-protection/|language=en-GB|publisher=Science Media Centre|access-date=2020-10-16}}</ref>

Deklarasi Barrington Raya disponsori oleh [[Institut Amerika untuk Riset Ekonomi|American Institute for Economic Research]], sebuah wadah pemikir [[libertarian]] yang juga melakukan [[Penyangkalan perubahan iklim|penolakan perubahan iklim]].<ref>{{Cite news|lastname=Ahmed|first=Nafeez|author-link=Nafeez Ahmed|date=9 October 2020|title=Climate Science Denial Network Behind Great Barrington Declaration|url=https://bylinetimes.com/2020/10/09/climate-science-denial-network-behind-great-barrington-declaration/|work=Byline Times|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201010075115/https://bylinetimes.com/2020/10/09/climate-science-denial-network-behind-great-barrington-declaration/|archive-date=10 October 2020|access-date=11 October 2020|url-status=live}}<"NABT"/ref><ref name="Ahmed2">{{Cite news|last=Ahmed|first=Nafeez|author-link=Nafeez Ahmed|date=2020-10-03|title=Koch-Funded PR Agency Aided Great Barrington Declaration Sponsor|url=https://bylinetimes.com/2020/10/13/koch-funded-pr-agency-aided-great-barrington-declaration-sponsor/|work=BylineTimes|language=en|access-date=2020-10-13}}</ref> Namun, Kulldorff menyatakan bahwa penulis "tidak menerima uang untuk menulis Deklarasi" dan bahwa "tidak ada organisasi yang mempengaruhi isinya."<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=Martin Kulldorff: Doctor's criticism off-base|url=https://www.gazettenet.com/Letter-Martin-Kulldorff-38124617|website=|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=|url-status=live}}</ref>

Penandatangan berasal dari lintas disiplin ilmu mulai dari [[epidemiologi]], [[Biostatistika|biostatistik]], dan kesehatan masyarakat, [[psikiatri]], hingga keuangan dan [[geografi manusia]], termasuk Sucharit Bhakdi, Angus Dalgleish, Mike Hulme, David L.Katz, [[Michael Levitt]], Gülnur Muradoğlu, David Livermore, Jonas F. Ludvigsson, dan Karol Sikora.<ref name="AIER">{{Cite web|date=5 October 2020|title=AIER Hosts Top Epidemiologists, Authors of the Great Barrington Declaration|url=https://www.aier.org/article/aier-hosts-top-epidemiologists-authors-of-the-great-barrington-declaration/|publisher=American Institute for Economic Research|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201009174054/https://www.aier.org/article/aier-hosts-top-epidemiologists-authors-of-the-great-barrington-declaration/|archive-date=9 October 2020|access-date=10 October 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> 

Memorandum John Snow, yang diterbitkan dalam ''[[The Lancet]]'',<ref>{{Cite web|title=John Snow Memorandum|url=https://www.johnsnowmemo.com/|access-date=2020-10-15}}</ref> adalah tanggapan dari 80 peneliti (yang merupakan "ahli dari dunia epidemiologi, penyakit menular dan vaksinasi") yang mengecam pendekatan imunitas kelompok dari Deklarasi Great Barrington.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Triggle|first=Nick|last2=Mason|first2=Chris|last3=Hamilton|first3=Claire|date=2020-10-17|title=Covid: What the tier rules say about the split between science and politics|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-54546867|work=BBC News|language=en-GB|access-date=2020-10-17}}</ref> Memorandum ini mengambil namanya dari [[John Snow]], ahli epidemiologi yang bekerja pada [[1854 Wabah kolera Broad Street|wabah kolera di Jalan Broad tahun 1854]],<ref name="usatoday1410" /><ref name=":11">{{Cite journal|title=Scientific consensus on the COVID-19 pandemic: we need to act now|url=https://www.thelancet.com/lancet/article/s0140-6736(20)32153-x|journal=The Lancet|access-date=2020-10-15}}</ref> menyatakan bahwa gagasan kekebalan kelompok adalah "kekeliruan berbahaya yang tidak didukung oleh bukti ilmiah".<ref>{{Cite news|lastname=Finucane|first=Martin|date=14 October 2020|title=Boston researchers join letter in The Lancet rejecting herd immunity strategy|url=https://www.bostonglobe.com/2020/10/14/nation/boston-researchers-join-letter-lancet-rejecting-herd-immunity-strategy/|work=The Boston Globe|access-date=18 October 2020}}<"BostonGlobe"/ref> Ia mengakui bahwa pembatasan virus korona telah menyebabkan demoralisasi dan kerusakan mental, sehingga membuat gagasan seperti itu menarik, tetapi menyatakan bahwa "tidak ada bukti kekebalan kelompok yang langgeng terhadap SARS-CoV-2", menambahkan bahwa "strategi seperti itu tidak akan mengarah pada akhir COVID-19, tetapi malah mengakibatkan epidemi berulang, seperti yang terjadi pada banyak penyakit menular sebelum munculnya vaksinasi."

Penulis surat tersebut dikoordinasikan oleh Deepti Gurdasani, ahli epidemiologi klinis di [[Queen Mary, Universitas London|Queen Mary University of London]],<ref>{{Cite web|title=Herd immunity in COVID-19 control is a dangerous fallacy, say authors of open letter|url=https://www.qmul.ac.uk/media/news/2020/smd/herd-immunity-in-covid-19-control-is-a-dangerous-fallacy-say-authors-of-open-letter.html|website=Queen Mary University of London|language=en|access-date=2020-10-18}}</ref><ref name=":15">{{Cite web|date=15 October 2020|title=SARS-CoV-2: Experten streiten über Herdenimmunität als Strategie|url=https://www.aerzteblatt.de/nachrichten/117444/SARS-CoV-2-Experten-streiten-ueber-Herdenimmunitaet-als-Strategie|website=Deutsches Ärzteblatt|language=de|access-date=2020-10-18}}</ref> dan termasuk Marc Lipsitch, William Hanage,<ref name="BostonGlobe">{{Cite news|last=Finucane|first=Martin|date=14 October 2020|title=Boston researchers join letter in The Lancet rejecting herd immunity strategy|url=https://www.bostonglobe.com/2020/10/14/nation/boston-researchers-join-letter-lancet-rejecting-herd-immunity-strategy/|work=The Boston Globe|access-date=18 October 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Cunningham|first=Paige Winfield|date=16 October 2020|title=Analysis {{!}} The Health 202: Health officials call an anti-lockdown paper 'dangerous.' Its authors say they just want the idea debated.|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2020/10/16/health-202-health-officials-call-an-anti-lockdown-paper-dangerous-its-authors-say-they-just-want-idea-debated/|work=[[The Washington Post]]|language=en-US|issn=0190-8286|access-date=2020-10-18}}</ref><ref name="BostonGlobe">{{Cite news|last=Finucane|first=Martin|date=14 October 2020|title=Boston researchers join letter in The Lancet rejecting herd immunity strategy|url=https://www.bostonglobe.com/2020/10/14/nation/boston-researchers-join-letter-lancet-rejecting-herd-immunity-strategy/|work=The Boston Globe|access-date=18 October 2020}}</ref> Nahid Bhadelia, Isabella Eckerle,<ref name=":16">{{Cite web|last=Lancet/jdp|title=Swiss health experts sign letter wary of herd immunity claims|url=https://www.swissinfo.ch/eng/swiss-health-experts-sign-letter-wary-of-herd-immunity-claims/46098370|website=Swissinfo|publisher=Swiss Broadcasting Corporation|language=en|access-date=2020-10-18}}</ref> Emma Hodcroft, Martin McKee,<ref name=":17">{{Cite web|last=McKee|first=Martin|last2=Stuckler|first2=David|date=2020-10-15|title=Scientific divisions on covid-19: not what they might seem|url=https://blogs.bmj.com/bmj/2020/10/15/scientific-divisions-on-covid-19-not-what-they-might-seem/|website=The BMJ|language=en-gb|access-date=2020-10-18}}</ref> Dominic Pimenta,<ref>{{Cite web|last=Pimenta|first=Dominic|date=15 October 2020|title=Herd immunity could cost hundreds of thousands of lives|url=http://www.politics.co.uk/comment-analysis/2020/10/15/a-herd-immunity-theory-could-cost-hundreds-of-thousands-of-l|website=politics.co.uk|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201018141633/https://www.politics.co.uk/comment-analysis/2020/10/15/a-herd-immunity-theory-could-cost-hundreds-of-thousands-of-l|archive-date=18 October 2020|access-date=2020-10-18|url-status=dead}}</ref> Viola Priesemann, Devi Sridhar,<ref>{{Cite web|date=15 October 2020|title=Herd immunity approaches to control Covid-19 'a dangerous fallacy', say scientists – ET HealthWorld|url=https://health.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/diagnostics/herd-immunity-approaches-to-control-covid-19-a-dangerous-fallacy-say-scientists/78681234|website=Health World, Economic Times|language=en|access-date=2020-10-18}}</ref> Gavin Yamey,<ref>{{Cite web|last=Ahemed|first=Nafeez|date=14 October 2020|title=How the White House's Herd Immunity Strategy Would Destroy the US Economy|url=https://bylinetimes.com/2020/10/15/how-the-white-houses-herd-immunity-strategy-would-destroy-the-us-economy/|website=Byline Times|language=en-GB|access-date=2020-10-18}}</ref> dan Rochelle Walensky.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Alwan|first=Nisreen A|last2=Burgess|first2=Rochelle Ann|last3=Ashworth|first3=Simon|last4=Beale|first4=Rupert|last5=Bhadelia|first5=Nahid|last6=Bogaert|first6=Debby|last7=Dowd|first7=Jennifer|last8=Eckerle|first8=Isabella|last9=Goldman|first9=Lynn R|date=15 October 2020|title=Scientific consensus on the COVID-19 pandemic: we need to act now|url=https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)32153-X|journal=The Lancet|volume=396|issue=10260|pages=e71–e72|doi=10.1016/s0140-6736(20)32153-x|issn=0140-6736|pmc=7557300|pmid=33069277}}</ref>