Nefilim: Perbedaan antara revisi
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[[
'''Nefilim''' ({{lang-en|Nephilim}}; {{Lang-he|'''נְפִילִים'''}}, {{Strong|ne-fi-lim|05303}}, bentuk tunggal '''נָפִיל''', ''Nafíl'' atau ''Naphil'') adalah orang-orang yang dilahirkan dari hasil perkawinan ketika "
== Etimologi ==
Leksikon [[Brown-Driver-Briggs]] memberi makna kata "Nephilim" sebagai "''giants''" atau "orang-orang raksasa".<ref name="Driver Briggs Hebrew Lexicon' p.658">''Brown Driver Briggs Hebrew Lexicon'' p. 658; Strongs H5307</ref> Banyak tafsiran semacam ini didasarkan pada anggapan bahwa akar katanya adalah ''n-ph-l'' "jatuh". [[:en:Robert Baker Girdlestone|Robert Baker Girdlestone]] berpendapat bahwa kata ini berasal dari asal kausatif "''[[:en:hiphil|hiphil]]''", yang menyiratkan makna bahwa Nefilim adalah "mereka yang menyebabkan orang lain jatuh".<ref>Girdlestone R. ''Old Testament Synonyms'' p. 54</ref>. [[:en:Adam Clarke|Adam Clarke]] menganggapnya sebagai "perfect participle", "terjatuh", "tersesat". Ronald Hendel menyatakan bahwa bentuk sebenarnya adalah pasif "mereka yang terjatuh", secara gramatika setara dengan kata "''paqid''", "mereka yang ditunjuk" (yaitu, pengawas), "''asir''", "orang yang terbelenggu", (yaitu, narapidana) dan sebagainya.<ref>Hendel R. ed. Auffarth Christoph; Loren T. Stuckenbruck ''The Fall of the Angels'' Brill (22 Feb 2004) ISBN 978-90-04-12668-8 p. 21, 34</ref><ref>Marks, Herbert "Biblical Naming and Poetic Etymology" ''Journal of Biblical Literature'', Vol. 114, No. 1 (Spring, 1995), pp. 21–42</ref> Menurut Leksikon [[Brown-Driver-Briggs]], etimologi dasar kata "''Nephilim''" adalah "dub[ious]" ("meragukan"), dan berbagai tafsiran pendapat "all very precarious" ("semuanya tidak berdasar kuat").<ref>''Brown Driver Briggs Hebrew Lexicon'' p. 658</ref>
Mayoritas versi Alkitab kuno, termasuk [[bahasa Yunani]] [[Septuaginta]], [[Theodotion]], [[bahasa Latin]] [[Vulgata]], [[Taurat Samaria|''Samaritan Targum'' (Taurat Samaria)]], [[:en:Targum Onkelos|''Targum Onkelos'']] dan [[:en:Targum Neofiti|''Targum Neofiti'']], menerjemahkan kata itu dengan arti "orang-orang raksasa".<ref>{{cite book
== Catatan Alkitab ==
Istilah "Nefilim" muncul hanya pada dua
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|style="border-right:solid 1px"|4 {{background color|#ffc|gigantes}} autem erant super terram in diebus illis postquam enim ingressi sunt filii Dei ad filias hominum illaeque genuerunt isti sunt potentes a saeculo viri famosi
|4 Pada waktu itu {{background color|#ffc|orang-orang raksasa}} ada di bumi, dan juga pada waktu sesudahnya, ketika anak-anak Allah menghampiri anak-anak perempuan manusia, dan perempuan-perempuan itu melahirkan anak bagi mereka; inilah orang-orang yang gagah perkasa
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|style="font-size:175%;line-height:115%;text-align:right;border-right:solid 1px"|לג וְשָׁם רָאִינוּ, אֶת-{{background color|#ffc|הַנְּפִלִים}} בְּנֵי
|33 And there we saw {{background color|#ffc|the Nephilim}}, the sons of Anak, who come of {{background color|#ffc|the Nephilim}}; and we were in our own sight as grasshoppers, and so we were in their sight.'
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The nature of the nephilim is complicated by the ambiguity of Genesis 6:4, which leaves it unclear whether they are the "sons of God" or their offspring who are the "mighty men of old, men of renown". Richard Hess in ''The Anchor Bible Dictionary'' takes it to mean that the nephilim are the offspring,<ref>Richard Hess, article "Nephilim" in ''Freedman, David Noel, ed., The Anchor Bible Dictionary'', (New York: Doubleday) 1997, 1992.</ref> as does P. W. Coxon in ''Dictionary of deities and demons in the Bible''.<ref>P. W. Coxon, article "Nephilim" in [http://books.google.com.au/books?id=yCkRz5pfxz0C&printsec=frontcover&dq=Dictionary+of+deities&source=bl&ots=aFszbVpZ1q&sig=BTsr0PxWHwKqtvU25jjSvqWGv3g&hl=en&ei=3OAvTNHPBYOjcYnS6KMD&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=4&ved=0CCgQ6AEwAw#v=onepage&q=Nephilim&f=false K. van der Toorn, Bob Becking, Pieter Willem van der Horst, "Dictionary of deities and demons in the Bible", p. 619]</ref>
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== Penafsiran ==
Secara umum ada dua pandangan mengenai identitas "nefilim", yang bermula dari pandangan-pandangan mengenai identitas "anak-anak Allah" (''Bənê hāʼĕlōhîm''):<ref>G. Milton Smith ''Knowing God in His Word—Genesis'' 2005 Page 140 "The other view holds that the sons of God were fallen angels who had some sort of union with the women of Noah's"</ref>
* Keturunan [[Set]]:
* Keturunan para malaikat:
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▲* Keturunan para malaikat: A number of early sources refer to the "sons of heaven" as angels. The earliest such references<ref>paleographically dated by Milik as c150BC see Michael E. Stone ''Selected studies in pseudepigrapha and apocrypha'' 1991 p. 248</ref> seem to be in the [[Dead Sea Scrolls]], the Greek, and Aramaic [[Book of Enoch|Enochic literature]], and in certain [[Ge'ez]] manuscripts of [[1 Enoch]] (mss A–Q) and [[Jubilees]]<ref>either stolen or purchased from street vendors by the British in the reign of Tewodros</ref> used by western scholars in modern editions of the [[Old Testament Pseudepigrapha]].<ref>compare: [[Robert Charles (scholar)|R. H. Charles]] 1 Enoch 7:2 "And when the angels, (3) the sons of heaven, beheld them, they became enamoured of them, saying to each other,Come, let us select for ourselves wives from the progeny of men, and let us beget children. [[Bible translations (Amharic)|Ethiopian Orthodox Bible]] Henok 2:1–3 "and the Offspring of Seth, who were upon the Holy Mount, saw them and loved them. And they told one another, "Come, let us choose for us daughters from Cain's children; let us bear children for us."</ref> Some Christian apologists, such as [[Tertullian]] and especially [[Lactantius]], shared this opinion. The earliest statement in a secondary commentary explicitly interpreting this to mean that angelic beings mated with humans can be traced to the rabbinical ''[[Targum Pseudo-Jonathan]]'' and it has since become especially commonplace in modern-day Christian commentaries.
===Malaikat-malaikat yang jatuh===
{{main|Fallen angel}}
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J. C. Greenfield mentions that "it has been proposed that the tale of the Nephilim, alluded to in Genesis 6 is based on some of the negative aspects of the apkallu tradition".<ref>J. C. Greenfield, Article ''Apkallu'' in [http://books.google.com.au/books?id=yCkRz5pfxz0C&printsec=frontcover&dq=Dictionary+of+Deities+and+Demons&source=bl&ots=aFszcWlY3q&sig=P5ibNUm6cJFufa910KKYAhrGpbM&hl=en&ei=nH4xTNu_GoLBcZvVvcIH&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3&ved=0CCYQ6AEwAg#v=onepage&q=apkallu&f=false K. van der Toorn, Bob Becking, Pieter Willem van der Horst, "Dictionary of deities and demons in the Bible", pp.72–4]</ref> The ''[[apkallu]]'' in [[Sumerian mythology]] were seven legendary [[culture hero]]es from before the [[Flood myth|Flood]], of human descent, but possessing extraordinary wisdom from the gods, and one of the seven ''apkallu'', [[Adapa]], was therefore called "son of [[Ea (Babylonian god)|Ea]]", despite his human origin.<ref>J. C. Greenfield, Article ''Apkallu'' in [http://books.google.com.au/books?id=yCkRz5pfxz0C&printsec=frontcover&dq=Dictionary+of+Deities+and+Demons&source=bl&ots=aFszcWlY3q&sig=P5ibNUm6cJFufa910KKYAhrGpbM&hl=en&ei=nH4xTNu_GoLBcZvVvcIH&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3&ved=0CCYQ6AEwAg#v=onepage&q=apkallu&f=false K. van der Toorn, Bob Becking, Pieter Willem van der Horst, "Dictionary of deities and demons in the Bible", pp.73]</ref>
===Catatan pada Kitab Yehezkiel===
==Misidentification of fossil remains==
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==Istilah lain yang berkaitan==
Dalam [[Alkitab Ibrani]], terdapat sejumlah kata yang sebagaimana "Nefilim", kadang kala diterjemahkan sebagai "orang-orang raksasa":
* [[Emim]]—the fearful ones
* [[Rephaim]]—the dead ones
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== Lihat pula ==
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* [[Cain tradition]]
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* Bagian [[Alkitab]] yang berkaitan: [[Kejadian 6]], [[Bilangan 13]], [[Yehezkiel 32]]
== Referensi ==
{{Reflist|2}}
* {{eastons|Nephilim}}
== Pranala luar ==
* [http://jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/5998-fall-of-angels Jewish Encyclopedia: Fall of Angels]
* [http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01476d.htm Catholic Encyclopedia: Angels]
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