Jean Sibelius: Perbedaan antara revisi
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{{Infobox classical composer
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'''Jean Sibelius''' ({{lahirmati|[[Hämeenlinna]], [[Kekaisaran Rusia|Rusia]], [[Grand Duchy Finlandia]]|8|12|1865||20|9|1957}}) adalah seorang [[komponis]] [[Finlandia]] yang mengarang [[musik klasik Eropa|musik klasik]], dan merupakan salah seorang komponis yang paling populer pada akhir abad ke-19 dan awal abad ke-20. Musik dan kecerdasannya telah memainkan peranan penting dalam membentuk identitas nasional Finlandia.
Sibelius dilahirkan dalam keluarga [[bahasa Swedia|berbahasa Swedia]] di [[Hämeenlinna]] di [[Kekaisaran Rusia|Rusia]] [[Grand Duchy Finlandia]]. Ia diberi nama Johan Julius Christian Sibelius, dan dikenal sebagai Janne di antara keluarganya, tetapi pada masa ia menjadi mahasiswa, ia mulai menggunakan nama ''Jean'', sebuah bentuk Prancis dari namanya.
Inti dari musik Sibelius adalah koleksi tujuh [[Simfoni]]nya. Seperti [[Ludwig van Beethoven|Beethoven]], Sibelius menggunakan masing-masing dari karyanya untuk mengungkapkan sebuah gagasan musik dan/atau untuk melanjutkan pengembangan gaya pribadinya. Semua simfoninya ini tetap populer, dan
Di antara komposisi Sibelius yang paling populer adalah ''[[Finlandia (puisi simfoni)|Finlandia]]'', ''[[Kuolema|Waltz Triste]]'', [[Concerto biola (Sibelius)|Concerto biola]], ''[[Suite Karelia]]'' dan ''[[Suite Lemminkäinen]]'' (khususnya ''[[Angsa dari Tuonela]]'', salah satu dari empat gerakannya).
== Family and personal life==
Sibelius graduated from high school in 1885. He started to study law at Aleksander's Imperial University in [[Helsinki]], but music was always his best subject at school and Sibelius quit his studies. From 1885 to [[1889]], Sibelius studied music in the Helsinki music school (now the [[Sibelius Academy]]). One of his teachers there was [[Martin Wegelius]]. Sibelius continued studying in [[Berlin]] (from 1889 to [[1890]]) and in [[Vienna]] (from 1890 to [[1891]]).
Jean Sibelius married [[Aino Sibelius|Aino Järnefelt]] (1871-1969) at [[Maxmo]] on [[June 10]], [[1892]]. Jean and Aino Sibelius's home [[Ainola]] was completed at [[Lake Tuusula]], [[Järvenpää]] in [[1903]], where they lived for the rest of their long lives. They had six daughters: Eva, Ruth, Kirsti (who died at a very young age), Katarine, Margaret and Heidi.
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In [[1972]] Sibelius's surviving daughters sold Ainola to the State of [[Finland]]. The [[Government of Finland#Ministry of Education|Ministry of Education]] and the [[Sibelius Society]] opened it as a museum in [[1974]].
==Musical style==
[[Berkas: Sibelius_monument.jpg|thumb|220px|A bust of Jean Sibelius at the [[Sibelius-monument]] in [[Helsinki]].]]
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Yet Sibelius's melodies often have very powerful [[Musical mode|modal]] implications. Like his contemporary, the Danish composer [[Carl Nielsen]], he studied Renaissance [[polyphony]]. Also, he made use of the inherent qualities in Fenno-Karelian folk melodies. This accounts for much of the melodic and harmonic "feel" of his music. He often varied his movements in a piece by changing the note values of melodies, rather than the conventional change of [[Tempo|tempi]]. He would often draw out one melody over a number of notes, while playing a different melody in shorter rhythm. For example, his [[Symphony No. 7 (Sibelius)|Seventh symphony]] is comprised of four movements without pause, where every important theme is in C major or C minor; the variation comes from the time and rhythm. His harmonic language was often restrained, even iconoclastic, compared to many of his contemporaries who were already experimenting with musical Modernism. As reported in the ''[[Manchester Guardian]]'' newspaper in [[1958]], Sibelius summed up the style of his later works by saying that while many other composers were engaged in the manufacture of [[cocktail]]s for the audience and public, he offered them pure cold water.
Because of this conservatism, Sibelius's music is sometimes considered insufficiently complex, but he was immediately respected by even his more progressive peers. Later in life he was championed (and biographized) by critic [[Olin Downes]] but attacked by composer-critic [[Virgil Thomson]]. Perhaps one reason Sibelius has attracted both the laud and the ire of critics is that in each of his seven symphonies he approached the basic problems of form, tonality, and architecture in unique, individual ways. On the one hand, his symphonic (and tonal) creativity was novel, but others thought that music should be taking a different route. Sibelius's response to criticism was dismissive: "Pay no attention to what critics say. No statue has ever been put up to a critic."
Over time, he sought to use new [[Chord (music)|chord]] patterns, including naked [[tritone]]s (for example in the [[Symphony No. 4 (Sibelius)|Fourth symphony]]), and bare melodic structures to build long movements of music, in a manner similar to [[Joseph Haydn]]'s use of built-in [[Consonance and dissonance|dissonance]]s. Sibelius would often alternate melodic sections with blaring [[Brass instrument|brass]] chords that would swell and fade away, or he would underpin his music with repeating figures which push against the melody and counter-melody.
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==Trivia==
*An image of Sibelius, designed by the Finnish [[Graphic design|graphic designer]] [[Erik Bruun]], was used as the motif for the 100 [[Finnish markka|markka]] note in Finland's final markka series.▼
▲*An image of Sibelius, designed by the Finnish [[Graphic design|graphic designer]] [[Erik Bruun]], was used as the motif for the 100 [[Finnish markka|markka]] note in Finland's final markka series.
*The [[Sibelius notation program]] was apparently named after Sibelius because the inventors' surname was "Finn", though they claim they cannot remember the reason.
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== Karya-karya terpilih ==
Berikut ini adalah karya-karyanya yang disusun secara kronologis; tanggal yang diberikan di sini adalah tanggal komposisi dan bukan tanggal penerbitan atau penampilan pertamanya.
=== Karya-karya untuk orkestra ===
* ''[[Kullervo (Sibelius)|Kullervo]]'', Simfoni untuk soprano, bariton, paduan suara dan orkestra Op.7 (1892)
* ''[[En Saga]]'', Puisi Nada untuk orkestra Op.9 (1892)
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* ''[[Finlandia (puisi simfoni)|Finlandia]]'' untuk orkestra dan paduan suara (opsional) Op.26 (1899)
* ''Snöfrid'' untuk resitasi, paduan suara dan orkestra Op.29 (1899)
* ''[[Tulen synty]]'' (''Asal
* [[Simfoni No. 1 (Sibelius)|Simfoni no. 1 dalam E minor]] untuk orkestra Op.39 (1899/1900)
* [[Simfoni No. 2 (Sibelius)|Simfoni no. 2 dalam D mayor]] untuk orkestra Op.43 (1902)
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=== Karya-karya lain ===
* [[Viisi joululaulua (Sibelius)|''Viisi joululaulua'', Op. 1]], lima lagu [[Natal]] (1895–1913)
* ''[[Voces intimae]]'', Op.56, [[kuartet petik]] ([[1909]])
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* [http://www.sibelius.fi/ Sibelius page]
==
* [http://www.philorch.org/styles/poa02e/www/prognotes_20060427.html Program notes] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080510072723/http://www.philorch.org/styles/poa02e/www/prognotes_20060427.html |date=2008-05-10 }} to a 2006 performance of Sibelius's 6th Symphony.
* [http://www.fimic.fi/fimic/fimic.nsf/mainframe?readform&1DDBA19BB49FE11E42256BD000351FCD ''Contemporary Music''] on the Finnish Music Information Centre
* Minnesota Orkestra's showcase concert magazine, May 06, page 44
* {{cite book
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* {{cite web
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|archive-date = 2010-09-18
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100918154719/http://home.flash.net/~park29/sibreminiscence.htm
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Sibelius, Jean}}▼
{{Commonscat|Jean Sibelius}}
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[[Kategori:Komponis klasik abad ke-20]]
[[Kategori:Komponis Finlandia]]
[[Kategori:Penerima Medali Emas Royal Philharmonic Society]]
[[Kategori:Komponis romantik]]
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