Gempa bumi Kepulauan Solomon 2013: Perbedaan antara revisi

| title = Gempa bumi dan tsunami Kepulauan Solomon 2013

| image = Venga Village (10680804884).jpg

| local-date = {{Start date|2013|022|06|df=y6}}

|intensity = {{MMI|8}}

|tsunami = Yes11 m (36 ft)

|casualties = 910 tewas, 32 cederahilang, <ref15 cedera name="abc2"/>

Pada tanggal 6 Februari 2013, sebuah '''gempa bumi''' berkekuatan M_w 8.0 mengguncang [[Kepulauan Solomon]] di timur laut Australia di perbatasan lempeng Australia dan Pasifik, memaksa penduduk pulau mengungsi dan menciptakan tsunami setinggi {{convert|1.5|m|ft|abbr=on}} yang menewaskan sedikitnya 9 orang.<ref name="abc2">{{cite news|publisher=Fairfax New Zealand Limited|date=2013-02-07|title=Airport damage hits Solomons quake cleanup|author=Nicole Pryor And Agencies|accessdate=2013-02-07|url=http://www.stuff.co.nz/world/south-pacific/8271293/Airport-damage-hits-Solomons-quake-cleanup|archive-date=2016-02-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160204094559/http://www.stuff.co.nz/world/south-pacific/8271293/Airport-damage-hits-Solomons-quake-cleanup|dead-url=no}}</ref>

== Gempa bumi ==

Tanggal 6&nbsp;Februari 2013, pukul 13:12<!--Local time-->, [[gempa bumi]] mengguncang [[Kepulauan Solomon]] di [[Samudra Pasifik]] Selatan.<ref name="wsj"/> Gempa ini terjadi di kedalaman 28,7&nbsp;km (17,8&nbsp;mi);<ref name="bbc">{{cite news|date=2013-02-05|title=Powerful earthquake strikes off Solomon Islands|publisher=BBC|accessdate=2013-02-05|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-21347496|archive-date=2020-10-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201021080924/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-21347496|dead-url=no}}</ref> episentrumnya terletak sekitar 5&nbsp;km (3&nbsp;mi) di lepas pantai [[Kepulauan Santa Cruz]], bagian dari Kepulauan Solomon.<ref name="guard">{{cite news|newspaper=The Guardian|date=2013-02-05|title=Tsunami alert after Solomon Islands earthquake|accessdate=2013-02-05|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2013/feb/06/tsunami-alert-solomon-islands-earthquake|archive-date=2013-02-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130210125301/http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2013/feb/06/tsunami-alert-solomon-islands-earthquake|dead-url=no}}</ref> Gempa ini terjadi akibat gesekan antara [[Lempeng Indo-Australia|Lempeng Australia]] dan [[Lempeng Pasifik]] dan didahului oleh serangkaian [[gempa susulan]] di kawasan tersebut.<ref>{{cite report|publisher=United States Geological Survey|title=M8.0 - Santa Cruz Islands|accessdate=2013-02-05|url=http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/usc000f1s0#summary}}</ref> Kekuatan gempa ini ditaksir pada 8,0 [[skala kekuatan Moment]].<ref>{{cite report|publisher=United States Geological Survey|title=M8.0 - Santa Cruz Islands|accessdate=2013-02-06|url=http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/usc000f1s0#summary}}</ref> Sedikitnya 20&nbsp;[[gempa susulan]] terjadi,<ref name="toi">{{cite news|agency=Agence France-Presse|date=2013-02-06|title=Five dead as Solomons quake sparks Pacific tsunami|publisher=Times of India|accessdate=2013-02-06|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/rest-of-world/Five-dead-as-Solomons-quake-sparks-Pacific-tsunami/articleshow/18369309.cms|archive-date=2013-02-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130206205540/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/rest-of-world/Five-dead-as-Solomons-quake-sparks-Pacific-tsunami/articleshow/18369309.cms|dead-url=no}}</ref> termasuk satu gempa berkekuatan M7,0.<ref name="bbc"/>

== Tsunami ==

[[Pacific Tsunami Warning Center]] mengeluarkan peringatan tsunami untuk Kepulauan Solomon, [[Papua Nugini]], dan beberapa pulau lain di kawasan ini. Pusat ini juga mengeluarkan pantauan tsunami di Australia, Selandia Baru, dan Indonesia Timur.<ref name="wsj">{{cite news|author=Kaylene Hong|date=2013-02-05|title=Magnitude 8 Quake Strikes Off Santa Cruz Islands|newspaper=Wall Street Journal|accessdate=2013-02-05|url=http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424127887324445904578286703858134458.html|archive-date=2013-05-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130528091141/http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424127887324445904578286703858134458.html|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref name="guard"/> Gempa ini menghasilkan [[tsunami]] setinggi 0.91&nbsp;m (3&nbsp;ft) di [[Lata, Kepulauan Solomon]],<ref name="guardwsj"/><ref name="wsjguard"/> yang menerjang {{convert|500|m|ft|abbr=on}} ke daratan.<ref name="toi"/> Sejumlah tsunami kecil setinggi {{convert|11|cm|in|abbr=on}} dan {{convert|50|cm|in|abbr=on}} dilaporkan terjadi di Vanuatu dan Kaledonia Baru.<ref name="abc">{{cite news|publisher=ABC Australia|date=2013-02-05|title=Solomons quake triggers tsunami, destroys villages|accessdate=2013-02-05|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2013-02-06/solomons-quake-triggers-tsunami/4504034|archive-date=2019-01-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190107080211/https://www.abc.net.au/news/2013-02-06/solomons-quake-triggers-tsunami/4504034|dead-url=no}}</ref>

== Kerusakan ==

Di [[Honiara]], ibu kota Kepulauan Solomon, orang-orang diungsikan ke wilayah yang lebih tinggi<ref name="guard"/> sehingga mengakibatkan kemacetan lalu lintas.<ref name="abc"/> Kantor berita setempat melaporkan empat desa luluh lantak.<ref name="toi"/> Banyak rumah tergenang di sebelah timur [[Provinsi Temotu]].<ref name="bbc"/> Di [[Pulau Nendo|Pulau Santa Cruz]], gelombang setinggi {{convert|1.5|m|ft|abbr=on}} merusak 50&nbsp;bangunan.<ref>{{cite news|agency=Associated Press|title=Tsunami damages dozens of homes in Solomon Islands|publisher=USAToday.com|accessdate=2013-02-05|date=2013-02-05|url=http://www.usatoday.com/story/news/world/2013/02/05/tsunami-warning-earthquake-south-pacific/1894875/|archive-date=2019-06-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190624080417/https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/world/2013/02/05/tsunami-warning-earthquake-south-pacific/1894875/|dead-url=no}}</ref> Di Lata, tsunami merusak bandara dan menggenangi wilayah dataran rendah,<ref>{{cite news|title=Fears for villages after major quake hits near Solomons|publisher=Sydney Morning Herald|date=2013-02-06|accessdate=2013-02-05|url=http://www.smh.com.au/environment/fears-for-villages-after-major-quake-hits-near-solomons-20130206-2dxso.html|archive-date=2020-11-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112014255/http://www.smh.com.au/environment/fears-for-villages-after-major-quake-hits-near-solomons-20130206-2dxso.html|dead-url=no}}</ref> menewaskan sembilan orang, termasuk lima orang lansia dan satu anak.<ref name="abc2"/> Lebih dari 100&nbsp;rumah di pulau ini rusak dan layanan air dan listrik terputus.<ref>{{cite news|author=Suzanne McFadden and Gerry Mullany|title=Tsunami Causes Deaths and Damages Homes on Solomon Islands|accessdate=2013-02-06|date=2013-02-06|publisher=The New York Times|http://www.nytimes.com/2013/02/07/world/asia/earthquake-tsunami-solomon-islands-south-pacific.html?_r=0}}</ref> Dilaporkan bahwa hampir semua rumah di desa Nela hanyut akibat tsunami dan sejumlah rumah di desa Venga terangkat oleh air.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.radionz.co.nz/news/world/127442/airport-flood-hinders-tsunami-aid-effort |title=Salinan arsip |access-date=2013-02-08 |archive-date=2018-04-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180409233216/http://www.radionz.co.nz/news/world/127442/airport-flood-hinders-tsunami-aid-effort |dead-url=no }}</ref> Pejabat di [[Noumea]] meminta para penduduk di sepanjang pantai timur [[Kaledonia Baru]] dan [[Kepulauan Loyalty]] diungsikan.<ref name="cnn">{{cite news|publisher=CNN|title=Powerful quake strikes in South Pacific, sparks tsunami|accessdate=2013-02-05|date=2013-02-05|url=http://www.cnn.com/2013/02/05/world/asia/solomon-islands-quake/?hpt=hp_t1|archive-date=2020-08-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200813081230/http://www.cnn.com/2013/02/05/world/asia/solomon-islands-quake/?hpt=hp_t1|dead-url=no}}</ref> Penduduk pulau juga dievakuasi ke dataran tinggi di [[Suva]], ibu kota [[Fiji]].<ref name="toi"/>

== Lihat pula ==

==References Referensi ==

[[CategoryKategori:Gempa bumi tahun 2013]]

[[CategoryKategori:Kepulauan Solomon dalam tahun 2013]]

[[CategoryKategori:Vanuatu dalam tahun 2013]]

[[CategoryKategori:Tsunami abad ke-21]]