Hirosaki, Aomori: Perbedaan antara revisi
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{{Infobox
|
| native_name = {{lower|0.1em|{{nobold|{{lang|ja|弘前市}}}}}}
| native_name_lang = ja
| official_name =
| settlement_type = [[Kota (Jepang)|Kota]]
<!-- images, nickname, motto -->
| image_skyline = Hirosaki Montage.jpg
| imagesize = 271px
| image_alt =
| image_caption = Dari kiri ke kanan, atas ke bawah: [[Istana Hirosaki]], Gunung Iwaki, Festival Neputa Hirosaki, Kuil Saisho-in, dan Gedung Bekas Kantor Pusat Daigojyuku Bank
| image_flag = Flag of Hirosaki, Aomori.svg
| flag_alt =
| image_seal = Emblem of Hirosaki, Aomori.svg
| seal_type = Emblem
| seal_alt =
| image_shield =
| shield_alt =
| image_blank_emblem =
| nickname =
| motto =
<!-- maps and coordinates -->
| image_map = Hirosaki in Aomori Prefecture Ja.svg
| map_alt =
| map_caption = Lokasi Hirosaki di [[Prefektur Aomori]]
| pushpin_map = Jepang
| pushpin_label_position = <!-- position of the pushpin label: left, right, top, bottom, none -->
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Lokasi di Jepang
| coordinates = {{coord|40|36|11.2|N|140|27|49.8|E|region:JP|display=inline,title}}
| coor_pinpoint = <!-- to specify exact location of coordinates (was coor_type) -->
| coordinates_footnotes = <!-- for references: use <ref> tags -->
<!-- location ------------------>
| subdivision_type = [[Daftar negara berdaulat|Negara]]
| subdivision_name = {{JPN}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[Wilayah (Jepang)|Wilayah]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Wilayah Tōhoku|Tōhoku]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[Prefektur di Jepang|Prefektur]]
| subdivision_name2 = {{flag|Aomori}}
| subdivision_type3 =
| subdivision_name3 =
<!-- established -->
| established_title = <!-- Settled -->
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
<!-- seat, smaller parts -->
| seat_type = <!-- defaults to: Seat -->
| seat =
<!-- government type, leaders -->
| government_footnotes = <!-- for references: use <ref> tags -->
| leader_party =
| leader_title = Walikota
| leader_name = Hiroshi Sakurada
| leader_title1 =
| leader_name1 = <!-- etc., up to leader_title4 / leader_name4 -->
<!-- display settings -->
| total_type = <!-- to set a non-standard label for total area and population rows -->
| unit_pref = <!-- enter: Imperial, to display imperial before metric -->
<!-- area -->
| area_magnitude = <!-- use only to set a special wikilink -->
| area_footnotes = <!-- for references: use <ref> tags -->
| area_total_km2 = 524,20
| area_land_km2 =
| area_water_km2 =
| area_water_percent =
| area_note =
<!-- elevation -->
| elevation_footnotes = <!-- for references: use <ref> tags -->
| elevation_m =
<!-- population -->
| population_footnotes = <!-- for references: use <ref> tags -->
| population_total = 170268
| population_as_of = 1 Januari 2020
| population_density_km2 = 324,8
| population_est =
| pop_est_as_of =
| population_demonym = <!-- demonym, ie. Liverpudlian for someone from Liverpool -->
| population_note =
<!-- time zone(s) -->
| timezone1 = [[Japan Standard Time|JST]]
| utc_offset1 = +09:00
<!-- postal codes, area code -->
| postal_code_type = Nomor telepon
| postal_code = 0172-35-1111
| area_code_type = <!-- defaults to: Area code(s) -->
| area_code =
<!-- blank fields (section 1) -->
| blank_name_sec1 = Alamat balai kota
| blank_info_sec1 = 1-1 Ōaza Kamishirogane-chō, Hirosaki-shi, Aomori-ken<br>036-8551
<!-- blank fields (section 2) -->
| blank_name_sec2 = Lambang
| blank_info_sec2 = <br>
| blank1_name_sec2 = • Pohon
| blank1_info_sec2 = [[Apel]]
| blank2_name_sec2 = • Bunga
| blank2_info_sec2 = [[Sakura]]
<!-- website, footnotes -->
| website = {{URL|http://www.city.hirosaki.aomori.jp/}}
| footnotes =
}}
[[Berkas:Hirosaki City Hall 20160423.jpg|right|thumb|270px|Balai Kota Hirosaki]]
[[Berkas:MG 6190s.jpg|jmpl|270px|[[Istana Hirosaki]] di waktu musim semi]]
{{Nihongo|'''Hirosaki'''|弘前市|Hirosaki-shi}} adalah sebuah [[Kota (Jepang)|kota]] yang terletak di [[Prefektur Aomori]], [[Jepang]]. Per 1 Januari 2020, kota ini memiliki estimasi [[jumlah penduduk]] sebesar 170.268 jiwa dan [[kepadatan penduduk]] sebesar 325 orang per km². Kota ini memiliki luas wilayah sebesar 524,20 km².
Kota ini berkembang sebagai wilayah [[urban]] yang mengelilingi [[Istana Hirosaki]] pada masa pemerintahan [[Domain Hirosaki]], dan sekarang merupakan kota pusat pemerintahan dan perdagangan di kawasan Aomori Barat.
Kota Hirosaki memiliki slogan "Hirosaki Kota Warna Apel" karena Hirosaki merupakan sentra produksi [[apel]] di Jepang (sekitar 20% apel di Jepang berasal dari Hirosaki).<ref>{{cite web |title=りんご色のまち |url=http://www.hi-it.net/~toyoda-jc/ringoiro.htm |date= |work= |publisher=豊田児童センター |accessdate=2010-04-26 |archive-date=2007-09-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927074309/http://www.hi-it.net/~toyoda-jc/ringoiro.htm |dead-url=yes }}</ref> Kota ini berada hampir di ujung utara Pulau Honshu, dan terkenal di seluruh Jepang sebagai tempat terakhir melihat mekarnya bunga [[sakura]] di Pulau Honshu. Setiap tahunnya di [[Taman Hirosaki]] yang berada di sekeliling [[Istana Hirosaki]] diselenggarakan Festival Sakura Hirosaki.
== Sejarah ==
Baris 30 ⟶ 114:
=== Zaman Meiji hingga Perang Dunia II ===
Berdasarkan kebijakan [[penghapusan sistem domain]], Prefektur Hirosaki dibentuk pada tahun [[1871]] dari wilayah bekas wilayah Domain Hirosaki. Pada Septembet tahun yang sama, Prefektur Hirosaki berganti nama menjadi Prefektur Aomori, dan kantor prefektur dipindah ke [[Aomori, Aomori|Kota Aomori]].
Apel dari barat yang ditanam di Prefektur Aomori mulai berbuah pada bulan Agustus 1877. Bank pertama di Prefektur Aomori, Dai-59 Kokuritsu Ginko (sekarang [[Aomori Bank]]) didirikan pada tahun 1878 di Kota Hirosaki.
Pada [[21 Mei]] [[1895]], kawasan bekas kompleks Istana Hirosaki dijadikan taman, dan dibuka untuk umum dengan nama [[Taman Hirosaki]]. Divisi 8 [[Angkatan Darat Kekaisaran Jepang]] menggunakan bekas kompleks Istana Hirosaki sebagai markas. Kapal dagang Jepang ditenggelamkan oleh armada Rusia dalam insiden di laut perbatasan Prefektur Aomori dan [[Prefektur Akita]].
Baris 42 ⟶ 126:
Festival Seruni dan Maple pertama kali diadakan di Kota Hirosaki pada tahun 1964. Festival Lampion Salju Istana Hirosaki ditambahkan ke dalam agenda festival di Kota Hirosaki pada tahun 1977.
== Geografi ==
=== Iklim ===
{{Weather box
|width = auto
|collapsed =
|single line = Y
|metric first = Y
|location = Hirosaki (1991−2020 normal, ekstrim 1942−sekarang)
|Jan record high C = 11.5
|Feb record high C = 17.2
|Mar record high C = 20.7
|Apr record high C = 28.0
|May record high C = 33.3
|Jun record high C = 33.7
|Jul record high C = 36.4
|Aug record high C = 39.3
|Sep record high C = 36.7
|Oct record high C = 28.6
|Nov record high C = 24.2
|Dec record high C = 18.0
|Jan record low C = -13.5
|Feb record low C = -16.2
|Mar record low C = -10.4
|Apr record low C = -5.9
|May record low C = -1.1
|Jun record low C = 4.2
|Jul record low C = 6.8
|Aug record low C = 11.0
|Sep record low C = 6.0
|Oct record low C = -0.4
|Nov record low C = -6.8
|Dec record low C = -11.6
|Jan high C = 1.7
|Feb high C = 2.5
|Mar high C = 6.7
|Apr high C = 14.3
|May high C = 20.3
|Jun high C = 23.9
|Jul high C = 27.4
|Aug high C = 28.8
|Sep high C = 24.9
|Oct high C = 18.4
|Nov high C = 11.3
|Dec high C = 4.4
|Jan mean C = -1.5
|Feb mean C = -1.0
|Mar mean C = 2.3
|Apr mean C = 8.6
|May mean C = 14.3
|Jun mean C = 18.3
|Jul mean C = 22.3
|Aug mean C = 23.5
|Sep mean C = 19.4
|Oct mean C = 12.9
|Nov mean C = 6.5
|Dec mean C = 0.8
|Jan low C = -4.6
|Feb low C = -4.6
|Mar low C = -1.8
|Apr low C = 3.2
|May low C = 8.9
|Jun low C = 13.7
|Jul low C = 18.2
|Aug low C = 19.3
|Sep low C = 14.9
|Oct low C = 8.2
|Nov low C = 2.2
|Dec low C = -2.4
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation mm = 125.5
|Feb precipitation mm = 99.9
|Mar precipitation mm = 82.3
|Apr precipitation mm = 65.8
|May precipitation mm = 66.3
|Jun precipitation mm = 71.9
|Jul precipitation mm = 115.3
|Aug precipitation mm = 140.7
|Sep precipitation mm = 136.3
|Oct precipitation mm = 107.7
|Nov precipitation mm = 113.7
|Dec precipitation mm = 130.1
|year precipitation mm = 1255.3
|unit precipitation days = 1.0 mm
|Jan precipitation days = 20.3
|Feb precipitation days = 18.0
|Mar precipitation days = 15.2
|Apr precipitation days = 11.2
|May precipitation days = 9.3
|Jun precipitation days = 8.3
|Jul precipitation days = 9.5
|Aug precipitation days = 10.4
|Sep precipitation days = 10.7
|Oct precipitation days = 12.9
|Nov precipitation days = 16.2
|Dec precipitation days = 20.1
|Jan snow cm = 221
|Feb snow cm = 185
|Mar snow cm = 116
|Apr snow cm = 6
|May snow cm = 0
|Jun snow cm = 0
|Jul snow cm = 0
|Aug snow cm = 0
|Sep snow cm = 0
|Oct snow cm = 0
|Nov snow cm = 17
|Dec snow cm = 147
|year snow cm = 679
|unit snow days = 3 cm
|Jan snow days = 21.8
|Feb snow days = 19.0
|Mar snow days = 14.5
|Apr snow days = 1.1
|May snow days = 0
|Jun snow days = 0
|Jul snow days = 0
|Aug snow days = 0
|Sep snow days = 0
|Oct snow days = 0
|Nov snow days = 1.7
|Dec snow days = 15.1
|Jan sun = 44.3
|Feb sun = 65.7
|Mar sun = 119.5
|Apr sun = 182.9
|May sun = 204.4
|Jun sun = 182.3
|Jul sun = 159.3
|Aug sun = 184.5
|Sep sun = 158.3
|Oct sun = 140.8
|Nov sun = 90.0
|Dec sun = 52.9
|year sun = 1585.1
|source 1 = [[Japan Meteorological Agency]]<ref>{{cite web
| url = https://www.data.jma.go.jp/obd/stats/etrn/view/rank_a.php?prec_no=31&block_no=0166&year=&month=&day=&view=h0
|script-title=ja:観測史上1～10位の値（年間を通じての値）
| publisher = [[Japan Meteorological Agency|JMA]]
| access-date = 5 Maret 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web
| url = https://www.data.jma.go.jp/obd/stats/etrn/view/nml_amd_ym.php?prec_no=31&block_no=0166&year=&month=&day=&view=h0
|script-title=ja:気象庁 / 平年値（年・月ごとの値）
| publisher = [[Japan Meteorological Agency|JMA]]
| access-date = 5 Maret 2022}}</ref>}}
=== Munisipalitas yang berdekatan ===
Hirosaki berbatasan dengan sepuluh munisipalitas di wilayah Prefektur Aomori dan [[Prefektur Akita|Akita]], yaitu :
* [[Prefektur Aomori]]
** [[Ajigasawa, Aomori|Ajigasawa]]
** [[Fujisaki, Aomori|Fujisaki]]
** [[Hirakawa, Aomori|Hirakawa]]
** [[Inakadate, Aomori|Inakadate]]
** [[Itayanagi, Aomori|Itayanagi]]
** [[Nishimeya, Aomori|Nishimeya]]
** [[Ōwani, Aomori|Ōwani]]
** [[Tsugaru, Aomori|Tsugaru]]
** [[Tsuruta, Aomori|Tsuruta]]
* [[Prefektur Akita]]
** [[Ōdate, Akita|Ōdate]]
== Demografi ==
Menurut data sensus Jepang,<ref>[https://www.citypopulation.de/php/japan-aomori.php?cityid=02202 Hirosaki population statistics]</ref> ini adalah populasi Hirosaki dalam beberapa tahun terakhir.
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! 1995 !! 2000 !! 2005 !! 2010 !! 2015
|-
| 194,197 || 193,217 || 189,043 || 183,473 || 177,411
|}
== Referensi ==
{{
== Pranala luar ==
{{commons
{{NIE Poster|Hirosaki}}
* [http://www.city.hirosaki.aomori.jp/ Situs resmi] {{in lang|ja}}
{{Aomori}}
[[Kategori:Kota di Prefektur Aomori]]
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