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'''Paolo Veronese''' ([[1528]] - [[19 April]] [[1588]]) adalah seorang pelukis [[Italia]] zaman [[Renaisans]] di [[Venice]], yang terkenal atas lukisan-lukisannya seperti ''Perkawinan di Kana'' dan ''Pesta di Rumah Levi''. Ia mengambil nama '''Paolo Cagliari''' atau '''Paolo Caliari''',<ref>Rearick, W. R.: ''The Art of Paolo Veronese 1528-1588'', page 20. National Gallery of Art, 1988. His earliest known painting is signed "P. Caliari F.," ''the first known instance in which he used this surname, which he seems to have adopted, since his parents appear not to have had one.''</ref> dan belakangan menjadi dikenal sebagai "Veronese" karena kota kelahirannya di [[Verona]].
Veronese, [[Titian]], dan [[Tintoretto]] menjadi tiga serangkai plukis terbaik Venezia ([[Venice]]) pada masa Renaissans akhir (tahun
[[Berkas:The Feast in the House of Levi by Paolo Veronese
[[Berkas:Palazzetto del Veronese (Venice).jpg|jmpl|Veronese rumah di Venice.]]
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==Life and work==
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===Venice===
He then moved briefly to [[Mantua]] in [[1548]] (where he created [[fresco]]es in that city's [[Duomo]]) before ultimately settling in Venice. His first Venetian commission was a ''Sacra Conversazione'' from San Francesco della Vigna (c.1552). In [[1553]], he obtained his first state commission, the fresco decoration of the ''Sala dei Cosiglio dei Dieci'' (the Hall of the [[Council of Ten]]) and the adjoining ''Sala dei Tre Capi del Consiglio''. He then painted a ''History of Esther'' in the ceiling for the church of San Sebastiano. It was his ceiling paintings for San Sebastiano, the [[Doge's Palace]], and the [[Biblioteca Marciana|Marciana Library]], (the last for which Titian awarded him a prize), that established him as a master among his Venetian contemporaries.<ref>Dunkerton, Jill, et al.: ''Durer to Veronese: Sixteenth- Century Painting in the National Gallery'', page 125. National Gallery Publications, 1999.</ref> Already these works indicate Veronese's mastery for referencing both the subtle foreshortening of the figures of [[Correggio]] and the heroism of those by [[Michelangelo]].<ref>Rearick, page 50, 1998.</ref>
===Villa Barbaro and refectory paintings===
By 1556 Veronese was commissioned to paint the first of his monumental banquet scenes, the ''Feast in the House of Simon'', which would not be concluded until 1570. However, owing to its scattered composition and lack of focus, it was not his most successful refectory mural.<ref>Rearick, page 75, 1988.</ref> In the late 1550s, during a break in his work for San Sebastiano, Veronese decorated the [[Villa Barbaro]] in [[Maser, Italy|Maser]], a newly-finished building by the architect [[Andrea Palladio]]. The frescoes were designed to unite humanistic culture with Christian spirituality; wall paintings included portraits of the Barbaro family,<ref>The ''[[Portrait of Daniele Barbaro]]'', painted 1566-67, entered the collection of the Rijksmuseum in Amsterdam in 1952. ''Veronese: Gods, Heroes and Allegories'', De Vecchi, Pierluigi, pages 104-5. Rizzoli, 2004.</ref> and the ceilings opened to blue skies and mythological figures. Veronese's decorations employed complex perspective and [[trompe l'oeil]], and resulted in a luminescent and inspired visual poetry.<ref>Rearick, page 10, 1998.</ref> The encounter between architect and artist was a triumph.<ref>Bussagli, page 207, 2000.</ref>
The ''Wedding at Cana'', painted in 1562-1563, was commissioned for Palladio's refectory in [[San Giorgio Monastery|San Giorgio Maggiore]]. As in the other banquet pictures, the scene reflects the festivities then current to Venetian life. The painting is immense: more than a hundred figures, including recognizable portraits of Titian, Tintoretto, and Veronese himself, are staged upon a canvas surface nearly ten metres wide. The foreground celebration, a frieze of figures painted in the most shimmering finery, is flanked by two sets of stairs leading back to a terrace, Roman colonnades, and a brilliant sky.<ref>Rearick, page 10, 1998.</ref>
In the refectory paintings, as in ''The Family of Darius before Alexander'' (1565-1570)[http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Berkas:The_Family_of_Darius_before_Alexander_by_Paolo_Veronese_1570.jpg], Veronese arranged the architecture to run mostly parallel to the picture plane, accentuating the processional character of the composition. The artist's decorative genius was to recognize that dramatic perspectival effects would have been tiresome in a living room or chapel, and that the narrative of the picture could best be absorbed as a colorful diversion.<ref>Dunkerton, et al., page 111, 1999.</ref> [[Berkas:Cana1.jpg|thumb|300px|''[[The Wedding at Cana]]'', 1562-1563. [[Louvre]].]]These paintings offer little in the representation of emotion; rather, they illustrate the carefully composed movement of their subjects along a primarily horizontal axis. Most of all they are about the incandescence of light and color.<ref>Rearick, page 13, 1988.</ref> The exaltation of such visual effects may have been a reflection of the artist's personal well-being, for in [[1565]] Veronese married Elena Badile, the daughter of his first master, and by whom he would eventually have four sons and a daughter.<ref>Rearick, page 13, 1988.</ref>
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== Daftar karya ==
* ''[[St. Anthony Tempted by the Devil]]'' (1552-1553) -<small> Oil on canvas, 198 x 151
* ''[[Zeus ousting the Vices]]'' (c. 1553) -<small> Oil on canvas, 650 x 330
* [[St. Mark Crowning the Virtue]]'' (c. 1554) -<small> Oil on canvas, 330 x 317 cm, [[Musée du Louvre]], Paris</small>
* ''[[Coronation of the Virgin (Veronese)|Coronation of the Virgin]]'' (1555) -<small> Oil on canvas, [[San Sebastiano, Venice]]</small>
* ''[[La Bella Nani|Portrait of a Woman]]'' (c. 1555-1560) -<small> Oil on canvas, 119 x 103 cm, [[Musée du Louvre]], Paris</small>
* [[Annunciation (Veronese)|Annunciation]]'' (c. 1555) -<small> Oil on canvas, 193 x 291
* ''[[Jesus among the Doctors in the Temple]]'' (1558) -<small> Oil on canvas, 236 x 430
* ''[[Assumption of the Virgin (Veronese)|Assumption of the Virgin]]'' (c. 1558) -<small> Oil on canvas, 340 x 455
* ''[[The Marriage at Cana (Veronese)|The Marriage at Cana]]'' (c. 1560) -<small> Oil on canvas, 207 x 457
* ''[[Portrait of a Man (Veronese)|Portrait of a Man]]'' (c. 1560) -<small> Oil on canvas, 120 x 102
* ''[[Bacchus Giving Wine to Men]]'' (1560-1561) -<small> Fresco, [[Villa Barbaro]], [[Maser (TV)|Maser]]</small>
* ''[[Giustiniana Giustiniani with Her Nurse]]'' (1560-1561) -<small> Fresco, [[Villa Barbaro]], [[Maser (TV)|Maser]]</small>
* ''[[Venus and Adonis (Veronese)|Venus and Adonis]]'' (after 1561) -<small> Oil on canvas, 123 x 174
* ''Virgin in Glory with Saints'' (c. 1562) -<small> Oil on canvas, San Sebastiano, Venice</small>
* ''St. John the Baptist Preaching'' (c. 1562) - <small> Oil on canvas, [[Galleria Borghese]], Rome</small>
* ''[[Madonna Enthroned with Saints (Veronese)|Madonna Enthroned with Saints]]'' (c. 1562) -<small> Oil on canvas, 339 x 191
* ''[[The Marriage at Cana (Veronese)|The Marriage at Cana]]'' (1563) -<small> Oil on canvas, 666 x 990
* ''[[Holy Family and Saints (Veronese)|Holy Family and Saints]]'' (San Zaccaria Altapiece; 1564) -<small> Oil on canvas, 328 x 188
* ''Sts. [[Mark and Marcellian]] Being Led to Martyrdom'' (1565) -<small> Oil on canvas, [[San Sebastiano, Venice]]</small>
* ''Martyrdom of St. Sebastian'' (1565) -<small> Oil on canvas, [[San Sebastiano, Venice]]</small>
* ''[[The Family of Darius before Alexander]]'' (1565-1570) -<small> Oil on canvas, 236.2 x 475.9
* ''[[Portrait of Daniele Barbaro]] (1565-1567) -<small> Oil on canvas, 121 x 105.5 cm, [[Rijksmuseum]], [[Amsterdam]]</small>
* ''[[The Allegory of Love: Unfaithfulness]]'' (1570) -<small> Oil on canvas, 191 x 191 cm, National Gallery, London</small>
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* ''[[The Finding of Moses]]'' (c. 1570-1575) -<small> Oil on canvas, [[Kunsthistorisches Museum]], Vienna</small>
* ''[[Portrait of a Sculptor (Veronese)|Portrait of a Sculptor]]'' (c. 1750-1585) -<small> Oil on canvas, 110.5 x 89 cm, Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York</small>
* ''[[Battle of Lepanto (Veronese)|Battle of Lepanto]]'' (c. 1572) -<small> Oil on canvas, 169 x 137
* ''[[Feast in the House of Levi]]'' (1573) -<small> Oil on canvas, 555 x 1,280
* ''[[The Martyrdom of St. Justine]]'' (c. 1573) -<small> Oil on canvas, 103 x 113
* ''[[Ceres Renders Homage to Venice]]'' (1575) -<small> Oil on canvas, 309 x 328
* ''[[Mystical Marriage of St. Catherine (Veronese)|Mystical Marriage of St Catherine]]'' (c. 1575) -<small> Oil on canvas, 337 x 241
* ''[[The Allegory of Love: Unfaithfulness]]'' (c. 1575) -<small> Oil on canvas, 187 x 188
* ''[[Venus, Mars and Love with a Horse]]'' (c. 1575) -<small> Oil on canvas, 47 x 47
* ''[[Pietà (Veronese)|Pietà]]'' (1576-1582) -<small> Oil on canvas, 147 x 115
* ''[[Mars and Venus United by Love]]'' (c. 1578) -<small> Oil on canvas, 205.7 x 161
* ''[[Hermes, Herse and Aglaulus]]'' (1576-1584) -<small> Oil on canvas, 232.4 x 173
* ''[[The Rape of Europa (Veronese)|The Rape of Europa]]'' (1580) -<small> Oil on canvas, 240 x 303
* ''[[Christ and the Centurion, (Veronese)|Christ and the Centurion]]'' (c. 1580) -<small> Oil on canvas, 99.2 x 130.8
* ''[[Lucretia (Veronese)|Lucretia]]'' (1580s) -<small> Oil on canvas, 109 x 90.5
* ''[[Christ in the Garden Supported by an Angel]]'' (c. 1580) -<small> Oil on canvas, 80 x 108
* ''[[St. Anthony Preaching to the Fish]]'' (c. 1580) -<small> Oil on canvas, Galleria Borghese, Rome</small>
* ''[[The Vision of St Helena (Veronese)|The Vision of St. Helena]]'' (c. 1580) -<small> Oil on canvas, 166 x 134
* ''[[Allegory of Wisdom and Strength]]'' (c. 1580) -<small> Oil on canvas, 214.6 x 167
* ''[[Judith and Holofernes (Veronese)|Judith and Holofernes]]'' (c. 1580) -<small> Oil on canvas, 195 x 176
* ''[[The People of Myra Welcoming St. Nicholas]]'' (c. 1582) -<small> Oil on canvas, diameter: 198
* ''[[Apotheosis of Venice]]'' (1585) -<small> Oil on canvas, 904 x 579
* ''The Conversion of [[Saint Pantaleimon]]'' (1587, Venice, Chiesa di San Pantaleone)
* ''[[Portrait of Agostino Barbarigo (Veronese)|Portrait of Agostino Barbarigo]]'' -<small> Oil on canvas, 60 x 48
* ''[[Baptism and Temptation of Christ]]'' -<small> Oil on canvas, 245 x 450
* ''[[Portrait of a Venetian Woman (Veronese)|Portrait of a Venetian Woman]]'' (''La Bella Nani'')-<small> Oil on canvas, 117.3 x 100.8
* ''[[Susanna in the Bath (Veronese)|Susanna in the Bath]]'' -<small> Oil on canvas, 198 x 198
== Referensi ==
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== Pranala ==
* {{cite book
== Pranala luar ==
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* [http://www.kfki.hu/~arthp/bio/v/veronese/biograph.html Veronese biography on Web Gallery of Art] with link to images of many of his paintings
* [http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03169b.htm Paolo Caliari] - Biographical article in the 1911 [[Catholic Encyclopedia]]
* For a partial transcript of the inquest on the painting, ''Feast in the House of Levi''[http://puffin.creighton.edu/fapa/aikin/Web-files/ART219%20Webfiles/paolo_veronese.htm] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060911182526/http://puffin.creighton.edu/fapa/aikin/Web-files/ART219%20Webfiles/paolo_veronese.htm |date=2006-09-11 }}.
* [http://www.aiwaz.net/panopticon/veronese-paolo/gc502 Veronese at Panopticon Virtual Art Gallery] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121006053352/http://www.aiwaz.net/panopticon/veronese-paolo/gc502 |date=2012-10-06 }}
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