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[[Berkas:Christian cross.svg|
{{Kristen}}
'''Simbol Kristen''' adalah simbol atau lambang atau tanda yang digunakan dalam '''Simbolisme Kristen''' ({{lang-en|Christian symbolism}}). Simbol-simbol itu meliputi lambang-lambang kuno (''archetypes''), tindakan, karya seni atau peristiwa peringatan dalam tradisi [[Kristen]].
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The symbolism of the [[early Church]] was characterized by being understood by initiates only,<ref>{{cite book | title=Christian Symbolism | url=https://archive.org/details/christiansymbol00jenngoog | last=Jenner |first=Henry |location=Plymouth|year=1910|page=xiv}}</ref> while after the legalization of Christianity in the 4th-century more recognizable symbols entered in use. [[Christianity]] has borrowed from the common stock of significant symbols known to most periods and to all regions of the world.<ref name="ces">{{CathEncy |wstitle=Symbolism| author=Herbert Thurston}}</ref>
[[Christianity]] has not generally practised [[Aniconism in Christianity|Aniconism]], or the avoidance or prohibition of types of images, even if the early [[Jewish Christian]]s sects, as well as some modern [[Christian denomination|denomination]]s, preferred to some extent not to use figures in their symbols, by invoking the [[Ten Commandments|Decalogue's]] prohibition of [[idolatry]].
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== Simbol Kristen awal ==
{{Kebudayaan Kristen}}
=== Salib dan krusifiks ===
{{main|Salib Kristen|Crucifix}}
[[Berkas:Gerokreuz full 20050903.jpg|
Bentuk salib, yang direpresentasikan dengan huruf "[[Tau|T]]", mulai digunakan sebagai "meterai" atau simbol [[Gereja perdana|Kekristenan Awal]] sejak abad ke-2.<ref>"The cross as a Christian symbol or 'seal' came into use at least as early as the second century (see "Apost. Const." iii. 17; Epistle of Barnabas, xi.-xii.; Justin, "Apologia," i. 55-60; "Dial. cum Tryph." 85-97); and the marking of a cross upon the forehead and the chest was regarded as a talisman against the powers of demons (Tertullian, "De Corona," iii.; Cyprian, "Testimonies," xi. 21-22; Lactantius, "Divinæ Institutiones," iv. 27, and elsewhere). Accordingly the Christian Fathers had to defend themselves, as early as the second century, against the charge of being worshipers of the cross, as may be learned from Tertullian, "Apologia," xii., xvii., and Minucius Felix, "Octavius," xxix. Christians used to swear by the power of the cross. [http://jewishencyclopedia.com/view.jsp?artid=899&letter=C CROSS:<!-- Bot generated title -->], [[Jewish Encyclopaedia]].</ref> Pada akhir abad ke-2, sebagaimana tertulis dalam ''[[Octavius (dialog)|Octavius]]'' karyanya, [[Marcus Minucius Felix]] menolak klaim yang diajukan para pencelanya kalau orang Kristen menyembah atau memuja salib.<ref>"Crosses, moreover, we neither worship nor wish for.1815 You, indeed, who consecrate gods of wood, adore wooden crosses perhaps as parts of your gods. For your very standards, as well as your banners; and flags of your camp, what else are they but crosses glided and adorned? Your victorious trophies not only imitate the appearance of a simple cross, but also that of a man affixed to it. We assuredly see the sign of a cross,1816 naturally, in the ship when it is carried along with swelling sails, when it glides forward with expanded oars; and when the military yoke is lifted up, it is the sign of a cross; and when a man adores God with a pure mind, with hands outstretched. Thus the sign of the cross either is sustained by a natural reason, or your own religion is formed with respect to it."
Baris 22:
"Then, if any of you think we render superstitious adoration to the cross, in that adoration he is sharer with us. If you offer homage to a piece of wood at all, it matters little what it is like when the substance is the same: it is of no consequence the form, if you have the very body of the god. And yet how far does the Athenian Pallas differ from the stock of the cross, or the Pharian Ceres as she is put up uncarved to sale, a mere rough stake and piece of shapeless wood? Every stake fixed in an upright position is a portion of the cross; we render our adoration, if you will have it so, to a god entire and complete. We have shown before that your deities are derived from shapes modelled from the cross."
''Sed et qui crucis nos religiosos putat, consecraneus noster erit. Cum lignum aliquod propitiatur, viderit habitus, dum materiae qualitas eadem sit; viderit forma, dum id ipsum dei corpus sit. Et tamen quanto distinguitur a crucis stipite Pallas Attica, et Ceres Pharia, quae sine effigie rudi palo et informi ligno prostat? Pars crucis est omne robur, quod erecta statione defigitur; nos, si forte, integrum et totum deum colimus. Diximus originem deorum vestrorum a plastis de cruce induci.''</ref> Dalam bukunya ''De Corona'', ditulis tahun 204, Tertullian menceritakan sudah adanya tradisi orang-orang Kristen berulang kali menggerakkan tangan membuat [[tanda salib]] di kening mereka.<ref>"At every forward step and movement, at every going in and out, when we put on our clothes and shoes, when we bathe, when we sit at table, when we light the lamps, on couch, on seat, in all the ordinary actions of daily life, we trace upon the forehead the sign" ([http://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/anf03.iv.vi.iii.html ''De Corona'', chapter 3])</ref>
Meskipun salib telah dikenal sejak awal mula [[Kekristenan]], krusifiks baru muncul pada abad ke-5.<ref name="soc" /> Pakar dan sejarawan Medieval
=== Ichthys ===
Baris 38:
Huruf "Tau" dianggap lambang keselamatan karena identifikasi huruf tersebut dengan huruf Ibrani "[[Taw (huruf Ibrani)|Taw]], yang pada [[Yehezkiel 9#Ayat 4|Yehezkiel 9:4]] merupakan tanda di kening orang-orang yang diselamatkan dari penghukuman Allah, maupun penampakan lengan [[Musa]] yang dibentangkan dalam {{Alkitab|Keluaran 17:11}}.<ref name="Hurtado"/> Huruf Rho sendiri melambangkan Kristus sebagai [[Mesias]] karena [[Abraham]], sebagai lambang Mesias, memperanakkan [[Ishak]] menurut janji Allah ketika ia berusia 100 tahun dan 100 adalah angka yang dilambangkan oleh huruf rho.<ref name="Bagatti"/>{{rp|158}}
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The Monogrammatic Cross was later seen also as a variation of the [[Chi Rho]] symbol, and it spread over Western Europe in the 5th and 6th-century.<ref>{{cite book | last = Redknap | first = FirstName | title = The Christian Celts : treasures of late Celtic Wales | url = https://archive.org/details/christianceltstr0000redk | publisher = National Museum of Wales | location = Cardiff | year = 1991 | isbn = 978-0-7200-0354-3 |page=[https://archive.org/details/christianceltstr0000redk/page/61 61]}}</ref>
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=== Chi Rho ===
Baris 45:
=== Monogram IH ===
Monogram '''IH'''[[Berkas:IH Monogram with iota and eta superimposed.jpg|20px]] diambil dari inisial nama [[Yesus]] ("''IHSOUS''" dalam [[bahasa Yunani Koine]]). Dua huruf pertama nama itu adalah [[Iota]] ('''Ι''') dan [[Eta]] ('''Η'''), ditulis tumpang tindih, atau jumlah nilai huruf-huruf itu, sangat terkenal dan merupakan cara awal untuk melambangkan [[Kristus]].<ref>{{cite book|last = Hurtado|first = Larry|title = The earliest Christian artifacts : manuscripts and Christian origins|url = https://archive.org/details/earliestchristia00hurt|publisher = William B. Eerdmans Pub. Co|year = 2006|isbn = 978-0-8028-2895-8|pages=
=== Monogram IX ===
Baris 53:
=== Gembala Yang Baik ===
[[Berkas:Good shepherd 02b close.jpg|200px|
{{main|The Good Shepherd (Christianity)|l1=Good Shepherd}}
Gambar "Gembala Yang Baik",
===Dove===
Baris 92:
*The [[Church of St John the Baptist, Wellington]] includes a Lily crucifix in the carving of the centre [[mullion]] of the east window of the Lady chapel.<ref>{{cite web|title=St John the Baptist, Wellington|url=http://www.wellingtonteamchurches.org.uk/wellingtonChurch.html|publisher=Wellington and District Team Ministry|accessdate=1 September 2011}}</ref>
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=== Burung undan ===
[[File:USA Massachusetts Amherst Pelican.jpg|thumb|Burung undan mencatuk dada sendiri]]
{{main|Undan}}
Bangsa [[Eropa]] pada [[Abad Pertengahan]] menganggap induk undan sangat telaten merawat anak-anaknya, bahkan rela mencatuk dada sendiri sampai mengeluarkan darah untuk diminum anak-anaknya bilamana tidak ada lagi makanan lain. Itulah sebabnya burung undan dijadikan lambang [[Kesengsaraan Yesus|Sengsara]] [[Yesus]] dan [[sakramen Ekaristi]] sejak sekitar abad ke-12.<ref>{{cite book| last=Jenner | first=Henry| year=2004 |publisher=Kessinger Publishing |page= 37 |orig-year=1910 |title=Christian Symbolism }}</ref>
=== Lain-lain ===
[[Berkas:Trinidad-Anglican-Episcopal-Coat-of-Arms.svg|250px|
* [[Bendera Kristen]] (''Christian flag'')
* [[Salib dan Mahkota]] (''Cross and Crown'')
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==Symbols of Christian Churches==
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===Sacraments===
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The tomb paintings of the early Christians led to the development of [[icon]]s. An icon is an image, picture, or representation; it is likeness that has symbolic meaning for an object by signifying or representing it, or by analogy, as in [[semiotics]]. The use of icons, however, was never without opposition. It was recorded that, "there is no century between the fourth and the eighth in which there is not some evidence of opposition to images even within the Church.<ref>Ernst Kitzinger, ''The Cult of Images in the Age before Iconoclasm'', Dumbarton Oaks, 1954, quoted by Pelikan, Jaroslav; ''The Spirit of Eastern Christendom'' 600-1700, University of Chicago Press, 1974.</ref> Nonetheless, popular favor for icons guaranteed their continued existence, while no systematic apologia for or against icons, or doctrinal authorization or condemnation of icons yet existed.
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[[Berkas:Menas.jpg|
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Though significant in the history of religious doctrine, the Byzantine controversy over images is not seen as of primary importance in Byzantine history. "Few historians still hold it to have been the greatest issue of the period..."<ref>Patricia Karlin-Hayter, ''Oxford History of Byzantium'', Oxford University Press, 2002.</ref>
Baris 157 ⟶ 162:
* [http://creationsanewflags.com/ColorMeaning.aspx Meaning of Colors for Flags] Biblical meanings of color used for Christian worship flags.
* [http://www.ridingthebeast.com/articles/colors/ Color Symbolism in The Bible] An in depth study on symbolic color occurrence in The Bible.
* [http://www.kwu.edu/campuslife/woodcarvings.htm Christian Symbol Wood Carvings] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051026173201/http://www.kwu.edu/campuslife/woodcarvings.htm |date=2005-10-26 }} Forty symbols at Kansas Wesleyan University
* [http://catholic-resources.org/Art/Koch-ChristianSymbols.htm Old Christian Symbols from book by Rudolf Koch]
* [http://www.goldclipart.com/products/crestsymbols.htm Christian Symbols, Origins and Meanings] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051022004442/http://www.goldclipart.com/products/crestsymbols.htm |date=2005-10-22 }}
* [
* [http://www.ezartsncrafts.com/christiansymbols.html Chrismon Templates] Symbol outlines that can be used to create Christian themed projects
* [http://www.lutheransonline.com/trinitybillings/seals Christian Symbols and Variations of Crosses - Images and Meanings] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080807175636/http://www.lutheransonline.com/trinitybillings/seals |date=2008-08-07 }}
{{Kekristenan}}
Baris 168 ⟶ 173:
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[[Kategori:Simbol Kristen| ]]
[[Kategori:Kristen]]
[[Kategori:Simbol agama]]
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