Kukang sunda: Perbedaan antara revisi

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'''Kukang sunda''' (''Nycticebus coucang'') atau '''kukang besar''' adalah [[primata]] [[Strepsirrhini]] dan [[spesies]] [[kukang]] asli [[Indonesia]], [[Malaysia]] Barat, selatan [[Thailand]] dan [[Singapura]]. Panjangnya 27-38 27–38&nbsp;cm dari kepala ke ekor dan beratnya antara 599 dan 685 g. Seperti kukang lainnya, ia memiliki hidung basah ([[rhinarium]]), kepala bulat, telinga kecil yang tersembunyi di bulu tebal, wajah datar, mata besar dan ekor [[Vestigialitas|vestigial]].<ref name="Gebang">{{Cite book | title =Melestarikan alam Indonesia| first =Jatna | last =Supriatna| publisher =Yayasan Obor Indonesia| location =Jakarta| year =2008| pages =24|ISBN=9789794616963|url=https://books.google.co.id/books?id=OV8LAQAAMAAJ&q=warung,+nyaeta&dq=warung,+nyaeta&hl=id&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjsqL2SntXuAhWZc30KHbSLDzUQ6AEwAHoECAAQAg|accessdate=7 Feb 2021 Melestarikan alam Indonesia}}</ref>
 
== Berbisa ==
Kukang adalah satu-satunya primata berbisa<sup>[[Kukang jawa#cite note-:0-25|[25]]][[Kukang jawa#cite note-26|[26]]]</sup>. Di alam liar, kukang menggunakan racun untuk kompetisi intraspesifik<sup>[[Kukang jawa#cite note-:0-25|[25]]]</sup>. Racun membantu kukang dalam berkompetisi untuk mendapatkan makanan, daerah kekuasaan, dan pasangan. Racun kukang dapat menyebabkan luka bernanah, nekrosis dan merupakan penyebab utama kematian kukang di pusat penyelamatan dan kebun binatang<sup>[[Kukang jawa#cite note-27|[27]]]</sup>. Racun kukang terdiri dari cairan kelenjar brakial dan air liur - komponen ini dapat bertindak secara terpisah; atau dikombinasikan untuk menciptakan racun yang lebih kuat<sup>[[Kukang jawa#cite note-28|[28]]]</sup>. Racun kukang dapat dibuktikan melalui penelitin laboratorium, pengalaman dari warga sekitar<sup>[[Kukang jawa#cite note-:1-29|[29]]]</sup>, dan pengamatan perilaku ekologi<sup>[[Kukang jawa#cite note-30|[30]]]</sup>. Dalam kukang liar tidak akan secara alami bersentuhan dengan manusia - perdagangan hewan peliharaan ilegal memaksa kontak semacam itu dan mempertaruhkan nyawa manusia<sup>[[Kukang jawa#cite note-31|[31]]]</sup>. Kukang memiliki gigitan yang dapat membunuh manusia<sup>[[Kukang jawa#cite note-32|[32]]]</sup>. Jika kukang menggigit manusia, ada berbagai komplikasi medis; yang paling parah termasuk syok anafilaktik yang mengancam jiwa dan cacat permanen<sup>[[Kukang jawa#cite note-33|[33]]][[Kukang jawa#cite note-:1-29|[29]]]</sup>; kematian telah dilaporkan<sup>[[Kukang jawa#cite note-34|[34]]]</sup>. Kukang tetap beracun dan berbahaya bahkan jika mereka tidak memiliki gigi<sup>[[Kukang jawa#cite note-:1-29|[29]]]</sup>
 
== Catatan ==
Baris 50 ⟶ 47:
<ref name=Choudhury1992>{{cite journal|last = Choudhury|first = A.U.|year = 1992|title = The slow loris (''Nycticebus coucang'') in north-east India|journal = Prim. Rep.|volume = 34|pages = 77–83}}</ref>
 
<ref name=CITES>{{cite web|title = CITES species database: ''Nycticebus coucang''|author = UNEP-WCMC|publisher = UNEP-WCMC Species Database|url = http://www.unep-wcmc.org/isdb/CITES/Taxonomy/tax-species-result.cfm/isdb/CITES/Taxonomy/tax-species-result.cfm?Genus=Nycticebus&Species=coucang&source=animals&displaylanguage=eng|accessdate = 3 February 2011|authorlink = World Conservation Monitoring Centre}}{{Pranala mati|date=November 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
 
<ref name=CITES2006>{{cite conference|author = Management Authority of Cambodia|title = Notification to Parties: Consideration of Proposals for Amendment of Appendices I and II|date = 3–15 June 2007|publisher = CITES|page = 31|location = Netherlands|url = http://www.cites.org/eng/notif/2006/E052.pdf|format = PDF|accessdate = 9 January 2011|archiveurl = httphttps://www.webcitation.org/5vacXUYZJ?url=http://www.cites.org/eng/notif/2006/E052.pdf|archivedate = 302011-01-08|dead-url January= 2011no}}</ref>
 
<ref name=Daschbach1981>{{Cite journal|last1 = Daschbach|first1 = N.|doi = 10.1016/0304-3762(83)90011-1|title = Cage-size effects on locomotor, grooming and agonistic behaviours of the slow loris, ''Nycticebus coucang'' (Primates, Lorisidae)|journal = Applied Animal Ethology|volume = 9|pages = 317|year = 1983|pmid =|pmc = }}</ref>
Baris 72 ⟶ 69:
<ref name=MundsNekarisFord2013>{{Cite journal|last1 = Munds|first1 = R. A.|last2 = Nekaris|first2 = K. A. I.|last3 = Ford|first3 = S. M.|title = Taxonomy of the Bornean slow loris, with new species ''Nycticebus kayan'' (Primates, Lorisidae)|doi = 10.1002/ajp.22071|journal = American Journal of Primatology|volume = 75|issue = 1|pages = 46–56|year = 2013|origyear=2012 online|url = http://www.nocturama.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/12/2013MundsetalBorneanLorisTaxonomy.pdf|format = PDF|pmid = 23255350|pmc =|ref = harv }}</ref>
 
<ref name=NekarisMunds2010>{{Cite book|editor1-last = Gursky-Doyen|editor1-first = S.|editor2-last = Supriatna|editor2-first = J|last1 = Nekaris|first1 = K.A.I.|last2 = Munds|first2 = R.|title = Indonesian Primates|url = https://archive.org/details/indonesianprimat00gurs_095|chapter = Chapter 22: Using facial markings to unmask diversity: the slow lorises (Primates: Lorisidae: ''Nycticebus'' spp.) of Indonesia|doi = 10.1007/978-1-4419-1560-3_22|pages = 383–396[https://archive.org/details/indonesianprimat00gurs_095/page/n384 383]–396|year = 2010|publisher = Springer|location = New York|isbn = 978-1-4419-1559-7|pmid =|pmc =|ref = harv}}</ref>
 
<ref name=Nekaris2008>{{Cite journal|last1 = Nekaris|first1 = K. A. I.|last2 = Blackham|first2 = G. V.|last3 = Nijman|first3 = V.|title = Conservation implications of low encounter rates of five nocturnal primate species (''Nycticebus'' spp.) in Asia|doi = 10.1007/s10531-007-9308-x|journal = Biodiversity and Conservation|volume = 17|issue = 4|pages = 733–747|year = 2008|pmid =|pmc =|url=http://www.researchgate.net/publication/226794174_Conservation_implications_of_low_encounter_rates_of_five_nocturnal_primate_species_%28Nycticebus_spp.%29_in_Asia|ref = harv}}</ref>
 
<ref name=NekarisJaffe2007>{{cite journal|title = Unexpected diversity of slow lorises (''Nycticebus'' spp.) within the Javan pet trade: implications for slow loris taxonomy|journal = Contributions to Zoology|year = 2007|last1 = Nekaris|first1 = K.A.I.|last2 = Jaffe|first2 = S.|volume = 76|issue = 3|pages = 187–196|url = http://dpc.uba.uva.nl/cgi/t/text/get-pdf?c=ctz;idno=7603a04|format = PDF|access-date = 2015-12-31|archive-date = 2011-05-22|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110522013945/http://dpc.uba.uva.nl/cgi/t/text/get-pdf?c=ctz;idno=7603a04|dead-url = yes}}</ref>
 
<ref name=NekarisNijman2007>{{Cite journal|last1 = Nekaris|first1 = K.A.I.|last2 = Nijman|first2 = V.|doi = 10.1159/000102316|title = CITES Proposal Highlights Rarity of Asian Nocturnal Primates (Lorisidae: ''Nycticebus'')|journal = Folia Primatologica|volume = 78|pages = 211–214|year = 2007|url = http://vincentnijman.org/files/a55_nekarisnijman_nycticebus_foliaprimatol_2007.pdf|format = PDF|archiveurl = httphttps://www.webcitation.org/5ve9g2CbZ?url=http://vincentnijman.org/files/a55_nekarisnijman_nycticebus_foliaprimatol_2007.pdf|archivedate = 11 January 2011-01-11|deadurl = no|pmid = |pmc = |ref = harv|access-date = 2015-12-31}}</ref>
 
<ref name=Newell1971>{{cite journal|author = Newell, T.G.|year = 1971|title = Social encounters in two prosimian species: ''Galago crassicaudatus'' and ''Nycticebus coucang''|journal = Psychon Sci|volume = 24|issue = 3|pages = 128–130|doi=10.3758/bf03331785}}</ref>
Baris 102 ⟶ 99:
<ref name=UtamivanHooff1997>{{Cite journal|last1 = Utami|first1 = S. S.|last2 = Van Hooff|first2 = J. A. R. A. M.|year = 1997|title = Meat-eating by adult female Sumatran orangutans (''Pongo pygmæus abelii'')|journal = American Journal of Primatology|volume = 43|issue = 2|pages = 159–65|doi = 10.1002/(SICI)1098-2345(1997)43:2<159::AID-AJP5>3.0.CO;2-W|pmid = 9327098|pmc =|ref = harv}}</ref>
 
<ref name=Wiens2002>{{cite thesis|author = Wiens, F.|year = 2002|title = Behavior and ecology of wild slow lorises (''Nycticebus coucang''): social organization, infant care system, and diet|degree = PhD|publisher = University of Bayreuth|url = http://opus.ub.uni-bayreuth.de/volltexte/2002/3/pdf/Diss.pdf|format = PDF|accessdate = 1 March 2011}} {{Cite web |url=http://opus.ub.uni-bayreuth.de/volltexte/2002/3/pdf/Diss.pdf |title=Salinan arsip |access-date=2015-12-31 |archive-date=2011-07-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110718165545/http://opus.ub.uni-bayreuth.de/volltexte/2002/3/pdf/Diss.pdf |dead-url=yes }}</ref>
 
<ref name=WiensZitzmann1999>{{Cite journal|last1 = Wiens|first1 = F.|last2 = Zitzmann|first2 = A.|doi = 10.1159/000021719|title = Predation on a Wild Slow Loris ''(Nycticebus coucang)'' by a Reticulated Python ''(Python reticulatus)''|journal = Folia Primatologica|volume = 70|pages = 362|year = 1999|pmid =|pmc = }}</ref>
Baris 118 ⟶ 115:
=== Literatur yang dikutip ===
{{Refbegin}}
* <!-- Alterman|1995 -->{{cite book|last = Alterman|first = L.|year = 1995|chapter = Toxins and toothcombs: Potential allospecific chemical defenses in ''Nycticebus'' and ''Perodicticus''|title = Creatures of the Dark: The Nocturnal Prosimians|url = https://archive.org/details/creaturesofdarkn0000unse_l0u4|editor = Alterman, L.; Doyle, G.A.; Izard. M.K|publisher = Plenum Press|location = New York|isbn = 978-0-306-45183-6|oclc = 33441731|ref = harv}}
* <!-- Ankel-Simons|2007 -->{{cite book|last = Ankel-Simons|first = F.|year = 2007|title = Primate anatomy, an introduction|edition = Third|location = San Diego|publisher = Elsevier|isbn = 978-0-12-058670-7|oclc = 42622248|ref = harv}}
* <!-- Chasen|1940 -->{{cite journal | last = Chasen | first = F.N. | year = 1940 | title = A handlist of Malaysian mammals | url = http://rmbr.nus.edu.sg/rbz/biblio/15/15brmiii-209.pdf | journal = Bulletin of the Raffles Museum | volume = 15 | pages = 1–209 | ref = harv | access-date = 2015-12-31 | archive-date = 2011-06-06 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110606043303/http://rmbr.nus.edu.sg/rbz/biblio/15/15brmiii-209.pdf | dead-url = yes }}
* <!-- Elliot|1913 -->{{cite book|last = Elliot|first = Daniel Giraud|authorlink1 = Daniel Giraud Elliot|title = A Review of the Primates|year = 1913|location = New York, New York|publisher = American Museum of Natural History|series = Monograph series, no. 1|url = http://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/10287437#page/175/mode/1up|oclc = 1282520|ref = harv}}
* <!-- Fooden|1971 -->{{cite journal | last = Fooden | first = Jack | year = 1971 | title = Report on primates collected in western Thailand January–April, 1967 | journal = Fieldiana Zoology | volume = 59 | issue = 1 | pages = 1–62 | publisher = Field Museum of Natural History | location = Chicago | issn = 0015-0754 | url = http://biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/2949 }}
* <!-- Groves|1971 -->{{cite book|last = Groves|first = C.P.|year = 1971|chapter = Systematics of the genus ''Nycticebus''|title = Proceedings of the 3rd International Congress of Primatology, Zurich 1970|volume = 1|pages = 44–53|publisher = Karger|location = Basel|ref = harv}}
* <!-- Groves|2001 -->{{cite book|last = Groves|first = C.P.|title = Primate Taxonomy|publisher = Smithsonian Institution Press|year = 2001|isbn = 978-1-56098-872-4|oclc = 44868886|ref = harv}}
* <!-- Groves|2005 -->{{MSW3 Primates|id=12100114|heading=''Nycticebus coucang''}}
* <!-- Hagey|Fry|Fitch-Snyder|2007 -->{{cite book|last1 = Hagey|first1 = L.R.|last2 = Fry|first2 = B.G.|last3 = Fitch-Snyder|first3 = H.|title = Primate Anti-Predator Strategies|url = https://archive.org/details/primateantipreda0000unse|series = Developments in Primatology: Progress and Prospects|editor1-last = Gursky|editor1-first = S.L.|editor2-last = Nekaris|editor2-first = K.A.I.|year = 2007|contribution = Talking defensively, a dual use for the brachial gland exudate of slow and pygmy lorises|publisher = Springer|isbn = 978-0-387-34807-0|doi = 10.1007/978-0-387-34810-0|ref = harv}}
* <!-- Ishida|Jouffroy|Nakano|1986 -->{{cite book|last1 = Ishida|first1 = H.|last2 = Jouffroy|first2 = F.K.|last3 = Nakano|first3 = Y.|year = 1986|chapter = Comparative dynamics of pronograde and upside down horizontal quadrupedalism in the slow loris (''Nycticebus coucang'')|editor = Jouffroy, F.K.; Stack, M.H.; [[Carsten Niemitz|Niemitz, C.]];|title = Gravity, posture and locomotion in primates|location = Florence, Italy|publisher = Il Sedicesimo|isbn = 978-88-85342-01-9|oclc = 27036881|ref = harv}}
* <!-- Martin|1979 -->{{cite book|last = Martin|first = R.D.|year = 1979|chapter = Phylogenetic aspects of prosimian behavior|editor = Doyle, G.A.; Martin, R.D.|title = The Study of Prosimian Behavior|url = https://archive.org/details/studyofprosimian0000unse|publisher = Academic Press|location = New York|isbn = 978-0-12-222150-7|oclc = 3912930|ref = harv}}
* <!-- Nekaris|Bearder|2007 -->{{cite book|last1 = Nekaris|first1 = A.|last2 = Bearder|first2 = S.K.|year = 2007|chapter = The Lorisiform primates of Asia and mainland Africa|editor = Campbell, C.J.; Fuentes, A.; MacKinnon, K.C.; Panger, M.; Bearder, S.K.|title = Primates in perspective|location = New York|publisher = Oxford University Press|isbn = 978-0-19-517133-4|oclc = 60664435|ref = harv}}
* <!-- Nowak|1991 -->{{cite book|last = Nowak|first = R.|year = 1991|title = Walker’s Mammals of the World|volume = Volume 1|edition = 5th|publisher = Johns Hopkins University Press|location = Maryland, Baltimore|isbn = 978-0-8018-3970-2|oclc = 24141759|ref = harv}}
* <!-- Osman Hill|1953a -->{{cite book|last1 = Osman Hill|first1 = W.C.|year = 1953a|title = Primates Comparative Anatomy and Taxonomy I—Strepsirhini|url = https://archive.org/details/primatescomparat0002hill|publisher = Edinburgh University Press|series = Edinburgh Univ Pubs Science & Maths, No 3|oclc = 500576914|ref = harv}}
* <!-- Osman Hill|1953b -->{{cite journal | last1 = Osman Hill | first1 = W.C. | doi = 10.1111/j.1096-3642.1953.tb00153.x | title = Early records of the slender loris and its allies | journal = Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London | volume = 123 | issue = 1| pages = 43–47| year = 1953b | pmid =
| pmc = | ref = harv}}
* <!-- Roonwal|Mohnot|1977 -->{{cite book|last1 = Roonwal|first1 = M.|last2 = Mohnot|first2 = S.|year = 1977|chapter = Slow loris|title = Primates of South Asia: ecology, sociobiology, and behavior|url = https://archive.org/details/primatesofsoutha0000roon|publisher = Harvard University Press|location = Cambridge, Massachusetts|isbn = 978-0-674-70485-5|oclc = 2388247|ref = harv}}
* <!-- Rowe|1996 -->{{cite book|last = Rowe|first = N.|year = 1996|title = A pictorial guide to the living primates|url = https://archive.org/details/pictorialguideto0000rowe_p5o5|publisher = Pogonias Press|location = New York|isbn = 978-0-9648825-1-5|oclc = 35692646|ref = harv}}
* <!-- Saint-Hilaire|1812 -->{{cite book|last1 = Saint-Hilaire|first1 = Étienne Geoffroy|journal = Annales du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle|year = 1812|title = Suite au Tableau des Quadrummanes. Seconde Famille. Lemuriens. Strepsirrhini|volume = 19|pages = 156–170|url = http://www.archive.org/stream/annalesdumusum19mus#page/164/mode/2up|language = French|ref = harv}}
* <!-- Schulze|Groves|2004 -->{{cite book|last1 = Schulze|first1 = H.|last2 = Groves|first2 = C.|year = 2004|chapter = Asian Lorises: taxonomic problems caused by illegal trade|editor = Nadler, T.; Streicher, U.; Hà, T.L.|title = Conservation of Primates in Vietnam|publisher = [[Frankfurt Zoological Society]]|location = Hanoi, Vietnam|oclc = 60527537|ref = harv}}
* <!-- Stone|Rehn|1902 -->{{cite journal | last1 = Stone | first1 = Witmer | last2 = Rehn | first2 = James A.G. | year = 1902 | title = A collection of mammals from Sumatra, with a review of genera ''Nycticebus'' and ''Tragulus'' | journal = Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia | volume = 54 | pages = 127–142 | url = http://books.google.com/books?id=GPkbAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA136 | ref = harv }}
* <!-- Thomas|1922 -->{{cite journal | last1 = Thomas | first1 = Oldfield | authorlink1 = Oldfield Thomas | year = 1922 | title = Note on the nomenclature of the Northern Slow-loris | journal = The Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society | volume = 28 | page = 433 | url = http://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/30113007#page/565/mode/1up | ref = harv }}
{{Refend}}
 
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