Hilary Putnam: Perbedaan antara revisi
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{{Infobox philosopher
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'''Hilary Whitehall Putnam''' (lahir 31 Juli 1926) adalah seorang filsuf, matematikawan, dan ilmuwan komputer [[Amerika Serikat]] yang menjadi tokoh penting dalam bidang [[filsafat analitis]] semenjak tahun 1960-an, terutama dalam bidang [[filsafat budi]], [[filsafat bahasa|bahasa]], [[filsafat matematika|matematika]], dan [[filsafat sains|sains]].<ref name="CR">Casati R., "Hillary Putnam" in ''Enciclopedia Garzanti della Filosofia'', ed. [[Gianni Vattimo]]. 2004. Garzanti Editori. Milan. ISBN 88-11-50515-1</ref> Ia dikenal karena kemauannya untuk memeriksa argumennya sama seperti argumen orang lain, dan menganalisisnya sampai menemukan kesalahannya.<ref name=King170>King, P.J. ''One Hundred Philosophers: The Life and Work of the World's Greatest Thinkers''. Barron's 2004, hal. 170.</ref> Akibatnya, ia sering mengubah posisinya dalam suatu perdebatan.<ref>{{cite web|author=Jack Ritchie|title=TPM:Philosopher of the Month|url=http://www.philosophers.co.uk/cafe/phil_jun2002.htm|month=June |
Dalam bidang filsafat budi, Putnam dikenal akan argumennya yang menentang [[fisikalisme jenis]] berdasarkan hipotesis [[realisabilitas ganda]]nya, dan dukungannya terhadap [[fungsionalisme (filsafat budi)|fungsionalisme]], teori yang terkait dengan [[masalah budi-tubuh]].<ref name="CR"/><ref>{{cite book|author=LeDoux, J.
Ia dan gurunya [[Willard Van Orman Quine|W. V. Quine]] mengembangkan "[[tesis indispensibilitas Quine-Putnam]]", yang dalam filsafat matematika merupakan argumen yang mendukung realitas entitas matematis.<ref>Colyvan, Mark, [http://plato.stanford.edu/archives/fall2004/entries/mathphil-indis/ "Indispensability Arguments in the Philosophy of Mathematics"], The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Fall 2004 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.)</ref> Ia juga mendukung pandangan bahwa matematika tidak sekadar logis, tetapi juga "[[semi-empiris]]".<ref name="PutBen">Putnam, H. ''Philosophy of Mathematics: Selected Readings''. Disunting bersama dengan Paul Benacerraf. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1964. 2nd ed., Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1983.</ref> Dalam bidang [[epistemologi]], ia dikenal akan percobaan pikiran "[[otak di dalam tong]]", yang tampak mendukung [[skeptisisme|skeptisisme epistemologis]], namun Putnam menentang kejelasan gagasan tersebut.<ref name="BIV">Putnam, H. (1981): [http://www.cavehill.uwi.edu/bnccde/ph29a/putnam.html "Brains in a vat"] in ''Reason, Truth, and History'', Cambridge University Press; reprinted in DeRose and Warfield, editors (1999): ''Skepticism: A Contemporary Reader'', Oxford UP.</ref> Ia juga menyumbang dalam bidang [[metafisika]] dengan menyokong gagasan [[realisme filosofis|realisme metafisis]], namun nantinya mengkritik gagasan tersebut dengan menganut gagasan "realisme internal",<ref name="Human">Putnam, H. ''Realism with a Human Face''. Disunting oleh James Conant. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1990.</ref> yang kemudian ditolak olehnya dan diganti oleh [[realisme langsung]] yang terilhami dari [[pragmatisme]]. "Realisme langsung" Putnam mencoba mengembalikan bidang metafisika ke dalam ranah pengalaman yang dialami orang, dan menentang gagasan representasi budi, [[data indra]], atau perantara lain antara budi dan dunia.<ref name="Three">Putnam, H.. ''The Threefold Cord: Mind, Body, and World''. New York: Columbia University Press, 1999.</ref> Selain itu, Putnam tertarik dengan pragmatisme Amerika, [[filsafat Yahudi]], dan [[etika]], sehingga ia terlibat dalam berbagai macam tradisi filsafat. Ia juga tertarik dengan [[metafilsafat]].
Di luar ilmu filsafat, Putnam telah menyumbang untuk bidang [[matematika]] dan [[ilmu komputer]]. Bersama dengan [[Martin Davis]], ia mengembangkan [[algoritme Davis-Putnam]] untuk menyelesaikan [[masalah keterpuasan Boolean]],<ref name="DandP">Davis, M. and Putnam, H. "A computing procedure for quantification theory" in ''[[Journal of the ACM]]'', 7:201–215, 1960.</ref> dan ia membantu menunjukkan bahwa [[masalah kesepuluh Hilbert]] tak dapat diselesaikan.<ref name="Mat">{{cite book|author=Matiyesavic, Yuri
== Karya utama ==
* ''The "[[Innateness hypothesis|Innateness Hypothesis]]" and Explanatory Models in Linguistics'', 1967.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.springerlink.com/content/w476u76126j58330/fulltext.pdf |title=The 'innateness hypothesis' and explanatory models in linguistics |format=PDF |date= |accessdate=2010-12-14 }}{{Pranala mati|date=Februari 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
* ''Philosophy of Mathematics: Selected Readings''. Disunting bersama dengan Paul Benacerraf. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1964. 2nd ed., Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1983. ISBN 0-521-29648-X
* ''Philosophy of Logic''. New York: Harper and Row, 1971. London: George Allen and Unwin, 1972. ISBN 0-04-160009-6
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== Pranala luar ==
* {{wikiquote-inline}}
* {{PhilPapers|search|Hilary_Putnam}}
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* [http://www.fas.harvard.edu/~phildept/putnam.html Harvard University Philosophy Faculty page]
* [http://www.pragmatism.org/putnam/ An extensive bibliography]
* [http://putnam.altervista.org/ An extensive directory] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306054047/http://putnam.altervista.org/ |date=2016-03-06 }}
* {{MathGenealogy|id=13387}}
* [http://www.lrb.co.uk/contributors/hilary-putnam ''London Review of Books'' contributor page]
* [http://www.hcs.harvard.edu/~hrp/issues/1992/Putnam.pdf Hilary Putnam: On Mind, Meaning and Reality] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303205306/http://www.hcs.harvard.edu/~hrp/issues/1992/Putnam.pdf |date=2016-03-03 }}, Interview by Josh Harlan, ''[[The Harvard Review of Philosophy]]'', spring 1992.
* [http://www.math.uwaterloo.ca/~kerrlaws/Santayana/Bulletin/s1_96.htm Putnam, Hilary and Ruth Anna, "The Quarrel Between Poetry and Philosophy"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110926231942/http://www.math.uwaterloo.ca/~kerrlaws/Santayana/Bulletin/s1_96.htm |date=2011-09-26 }}, read to the Santayana Society at its annual meeting in New York on December 28, 1995.
* [http://www.hcs.harvard.edu/~hrp/issues/2000/Putnam.pdf "To Think with Integrity"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303220435/http://www.hcs.harvard.edu/~hrp/issues/2000/Putnam.pdf |date=2016-03-03 }}, Hilary Putnam's Farewell Lecture, ''The Harvard Review of Philosophy'', Spring 2000.
* [http://www.uctv.tv/search-details.asp?showID=6840 Putnam, "The Depths and Shallows of Experience"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081005191247/http://www.uctv.tv/search-details.asp?showID=6840 |date=2008-10-05 }}, video lecture, [[UCSB]], September 1, 2003. Comments by [[Hubert Schwyzer]] and [[Bruno Latour]].
* [http://www.ucd.ie/news/mar07/030507_Putnam_Award.htm Putnam, "The Fact/Value Dichotomy and its critics"; Roundtable on Externalism] audio/video lecture, audio discussion, March 2007, [[University College Dublin]].
* [http://internalism.blip.tv/file/420305/ Hilary Putnam - Externalism: Its Motivation And Its Critics] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080503014703/http://internalism.blip.tv/file/420305/ |date=2008-05-03 }}, video of a lecture, delivered at Harvard University on October 4, 2007
* [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GlrEbffVVjM A short film about the Putnam-Rorty debate and its influence on the pragmatist revival]
* [http://hardproblem.ru/events/interviewhilary-putnam ''The Moscow Center for Consciousness Studies'' video interview with Hilary Putnam] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110817170955/http://hardproblem.ru/events/interviewhilary-putnam/ |date=2011-08-17 }} 2010-04-21 (with transcript)
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[[Kategori:Kelahiran 1926]]
[[Kategori:Filsuf Amerika Serikat]]
[[Kategori:Matematikawan Amerika Serikat]]
[[Kategori:Yahudi
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