Laminaria: Perbedaan antara revisi
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'''''Laminaria''''' adalah [[genus]] dari 31 [[spesies]] [[alga coklat]] yang biasa disebut "[[kelp]]". Beberapa spesies juga disebut sebagai ''tangle''. Genus yang penting secara ekonomi ini ditandai dengan [[Lamina (alga)|lamina]] yang panjang dan kasar dan ukurannya relatif besar. Beberapa spesies disebut dengan nama umum celemek Iblis (''Devil's apron''), karena bentuknya,<ref name="The Free Dictionary2">{{cite encyclopedia|year=1913|title=Devil's Apron|encyclopedia=Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary|publisher=C. & G. Merriam Co.|url=http://www.thefreedictionary.com/Devil's+apron}}</ref> atau ''sea colander'', karena perforasi yang ada pada lamina.<ref name="Wellbeing Being Well2">{{Cite web|url=http://www.wellbeingbeingwell.co.uk/sea_vegetables/devil.html|title=Devil's apron - Sea Vegetable|accessdate=2009-02-06|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081016193819/http://www.wellbeingbeingwell.co.uk/sea_vegetables/devil.html|archivedate=October 16, 2008}}{{Unreliable source?|date=February 2009}}</ref> ''Laminaria'' dapat ditemukan di [[Samudra Atlantik]] utara dan [[Samudra Pasifik]] utara pada kedalaman {{convert|8|to|30|m|abbr=on|ft}} (dapat mencapai {{convert|120|m|ft|abbr=on}} di perairan hangat [[Laut Tengah]] dan lepas pantai [[Brasil]]).<ref name=":12">{{Cite web|url=http://www.seaweed.ie/algae/laminaria.lasso|title=Kelps: ''Laminaria'' and ''Saccharina''|last=Guiry|first=Michael|accessdate=2009-02-06|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071119040421/http://www.seaweed.ie/algae/laminaria.lasso|archivedate=November 19, 2007}}{{Unreliable source?|date=February 2009}}</ref> ''Laminaria'' merupakan habitat bagi banyak ikan dan invertebrata.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.britannica.com/science/Laminaria|title=Laminaria {{!}} algae|work=Encyclopædia Britannica|access-date=2017-03-30|language=en}}</ref>
Siklus hidup ''Laminaria'' memiliki [[pergiliran keturunan]] heteromorfik yang berbeda dengan ''[[Fucus]]''. Pada meiosis, zoospora jantan dan betina diproduksi terpisah kemudian berkecambah menjadi gametofit jantan dan betina. Telur betina matang di oogonium sampai sperma jantan membuahinya.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Raven Biology of Plants|last=Evert|first=Ray|last2=Eichhorn|first2=Susan|publisher=W. H. Freeman and Company|year=2013|isbn=978-1-4292-1961-7|location=USA|pages=338}}</ref> Bentuk Laminaria yang paling jelas adalah fase sporofitnya, struktur yang terdiri dari ''holdfast'' (bagian yang mirip dengan akar), ''stipe'' (mirip dengan batang), dan ''blade'' (mirip dengan daun). Sementara ''Laminaria'' menghabiskan sebagian besar waktunya dalam fase sporofit, ia bergantian antara fase sporofit dan fase gametofit mikroskopisnya.<ref
''Laminaria japonica'' (J. E. Areschoug - Japón)<ref name="Tori2">{{Cite book|title=An Illustrated Atlas of the Life History of Algae|publisher=Uchida Rokakuho Publishing Co., Ltd. Tokyo|year=1998|isbn=4-7536-4057-4|author=T. Tori}}{{Page needed|date=September 2010}}</ref> sekarang dianggap sebagai sinonim dari ''[[Saccharina japonica]]''<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.algaebase.org/search/species/detail/?species_id=1316&sk=0&from=results|title=''Laminaria japonica'' J. E. Areschoug|date=2006-09-29|work=[[AlgaeBase]]|author=M. D. Guiry & Wendy Guiry}}</ref> dan ''Laminaria saccharina'' sekarang diklasifikasikan sebagai ''[[Saccharina latissima]]''.<ref>[http://www.seaweed.ie/descriptions/Saccharina_latissima.html Saccharina latissima (Linnaeus) J.V. Lamouroux] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111005201020/http://seaweed.ie/descriptions/Saccharina_latissima.html |date=2011-10-05 }} The Seaweed Site. Retrieved 2011-09-20.</ref>
== Spesies ==
[[Berkas:Anna Atkins Laminaria digitata.jpg|jmpl|''Laminaria digitata'', [[Cyanotype]] oleh [[Anna Atkins]], 1843]]
* ''[[Laminaria abyssalis]]'' <small>A.B. Joly & E.C. Oliveira</small> – Atlantik Amerika Selatan<ref>{{Cite journal |url=http://www.springerlink.com/content/nx5v56179q3w7153/ |title=The life cycle of ''Laminaria abyssalis'' (Laminariales, Phaeophyta) en cultivo |journal=[[Hydrobiologia]] |doi=10.1007/BF00040271 |first=Yocie |last=Yoneshigue-Valentin |year=1990 |volume=204–205 |issue=1 |pages=461–466 }}{{Pranala mati|date=Februari 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.algaebase.org/search/species/detail/?species_id=11397 |title=''Laminaria abyssalis'' A. B. Joly & E. B. Oliveira |author=M. D. Guiry |date=2006-03-26 |work=[[AlgaeBase]]}}</ref>
* ''[[Laminaria agardhii]]'' <small>Kjellman</small><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.algaebase.org/search/species/detail/?species_id=22942 |title=''Laminaria agardhii'' Kjellman |author=M. D. Guiry |date=2004-09-23 |work=[[AlgaeBase]]}}</ref> – Atlantik Amerika Utara <ref name="Taylor 57">{{Cite book|author=Taylor |year=1957 |title=Marine Algae of Northeastern Coast of North America |url=https://archive.org/details/marinealgaeofnor0000tayl_n6w3 |publisher=Ann Arbor |isbn=0-472-04904-6}}{{Page needed|date=September 2010}}</ref>
* ''[[Laminaria appressirhiza]]'' <small>J. E. Petrov & V. B. Vozzhinskaya</small>
* ''[[Laminaria brasiliensis]]'' <small>A. B. Loly & E. C. Oliveira</small>
* ''[[Laminaria brongardiana]]'' <small>Postels & Ruprecht</small> <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.algaebase.org/search/species/detail/?species_id=26836 |title=''Laminaria brongardiana'' Postels & Ruprecht |author=M. D. Guiry |date=2006-04-24 |work=[[AlgaeBase]] |access-date=2017-12-08 |archive-date=2020-01-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200115230806/https://www.algaebase.org/search/species/detail/?species_id=26836 |dead-url=yes }}</ref>
* ''[[Laminaria bulbosa]]'' <small>J. V. Lamouroux</small>
* ''[[Laminaria bullata]]'' <small>Kjellman</small>
* ''[[Laminaria complanata]]'' <small>(Setchell & N. L. Garder) Muenscher</small>
* ''[[Laminaria digitata]]'' <small>(Hudson) J. V. Lamouroux</small>
* ''[[Laminaria ephemera]]'' <small>Setchell</small> – Pasifik Amerika Utara: Dari Vancouver sampai California <ref name="Abbott 76"/>
* ''[[Laminaria farlowii]]'' <small>Setchell</small> – Pantai Pasifik Amerika Utara <ref name="Abbott 76"/>
* ''[[Laminaria groenlandica]]'' – British Columbia
* ''[[Laminaria hyperborea]]'' <small>(Gunnerus) Foslie</small> – Atlantik Timur Laut, Laut Baltik dan Laut Utara.
* ''[[Laminaria inclinatorhiza]]'' <small>J. Petrov & V. Vozzhinskaya</small>
* ''[[Laminaria multiplicata]]'' <small>J. Petrov & M. Suchovejeva</small>
* ''[[Laminaria nigripes]]'' <small>J. Agardh</small>
* ''[[Laminaria ochroleuca]]'' <small>Bachelot de la Pylaie</small>
* ''[[Laminaria pallida]]'' <small>Greville</small> – Afrika Selatan, <ref name="Stegenga 97">{{Cite book|author=H. Stegenga, J. J. Bolton & R. J. Anderson |year=1997 |title=Seaweeds of the South Africal West Coast |publisher=Bolus Herbarium Number 18, [[University of Cape Town]]}}</ref> Samudra Hindia, Kepulauan Canary dan Kepulauan de Tristán da Cunha <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.algaebase.org/search/species/detail/?species_id=h50c0b3ae7dde8ff6 |title=''Laminaria pallida'' Greville |first=M. D.|last=Guiry |work=[[AlgaeBase]]|publisher=National University of Ireland, Galway|date=2004-09-23}}</ref>
* ''[[Laminaria platymeris]]'' <small>Bachelot de la Pylaie</small>
* ''[[Laminaria rodriguezii]]'' <small>Barnet</small>
* ''[[Laminaria ruprechtii]]'' <small>(Areschoug) Setchell</small>
* ''[[Laminaria sachalinensis]]'' <small>(Miyabe) Miyabe</small>
* ''[[Laminaria setchellii]]'' <small>P. C. Silva</small>
* ''[[Laminaria sinclairii]]'' <small>(Harvey ex J. D. Hooker & Harvey) Farlow, Anderson & Eaton</small> – Pantai Pasifik [[Amerika Utara]] <ref name="Abbott 76">{{Cite book|author=I. A. Abbott & G. J. Hollenberg |year=1976 |title=Marine Algae of California |url=https://archive.org/details/marinealgaeofcal0000unse |publisher=[[Stanford University Press]], Stanford, California |isbn=0-8047-0867-3}}{{Page needed|date=September 2010}}</ref>
* ''[[Laminaria solidungula]]'' <small>J. Agardh</small>
* ''[[Laminaria yezoensis]]'' <small>Miyabe</small>
== Referensi ==
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