Timbal(II) nitrat: Perbedaan antara revisi

| Verifiedfields = changed

| Watchedfields = changed

| verifiedrevid = 445289092

| ImageFile = Lead(II) nitrate 1.jpg

| ImageFile1 = lead nitrate.png

| ImageFileL2 = Lead(II)-nitrate-unit-cell-3D-balls.png

| ImageFileR2 = Lead(II)-nitrate-xtal-3D-SF.png

| IUPACName = Lead(II) nitrate

| OtherNames = Lead nitrate<br />Plumbous nitrate<br />Lead dinitrate<br />Plumb dulcis

| StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}

| StdInChI =1S/2NO3.Pb/c2*2-1(3)4;/q2*-1;+2

| StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}

| StdInChIKey = RLJMLMKIBZAXJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N

| InChI = 1S/2NO3.Pb/c2*2-1(3)4;/q2*-1;+2

| InChIKey1 = RLJMLMKIBZAXJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N

| CASNo = 10099-74-8

| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}}

| EINECS =

| UNNumber = 1469

| PubChem = 24924

| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}}

| ChemSpiderID = 23300

| ChEBI_Ref = {{ebicite|correct|EBI}}

| ChEBI = 37187

| SMILES = [N+](=O)([O-])[O-].[N+](=O)([O-])[O-].[Pb+2]

| RTECS = OG2100000

| Formula = Pb(NO₃)₂

| MolarMass = 331,2g/mol

| Appearance = Kristal putih tak berwarna

| Density = 4,53 g/cm³ (20&nbsp;°C)

| MeltingPt = 270&nbsp;°C

| MeltingPt_notes = decomposes

| Solubility = 37,65 g/100 mL (0 &nbsp;°C) <br> 52 g/100 mL (20&nbsp;°C) <br /> 127 g/100 mL (100&nbsp;°C)

| SolubleOther = tak larut<br />0,04 g/100 mL<br />1,3 g/100 mL

| Solvent = [[asam nitrat]]<br />indalam [[etanol]]<br />indalam [[metanol]]

| RefractIndex = 1,782<ref>{{cite book|last =Patnaik|first=Pradyot|year=2003|title=Handbook of Inorganic Chemical Compounds |publisher=McGraw-Hill|page=475|isbn =0-07-049439-8|url=http://books.google.com/?id=Xqj-TTzkvTEC&pg=PA475}}</ref>

| CrystalStruct = [[Sistem kristal kubik|Kubik pusat muka]]

| Coordination = kuboktahedral

| ExternalSDS = [http://www.inchem.org/documents/icsc/icsc/eics1000.htm ICSC 1000], [http://www.mallbaker.com/americas/msds/english/L3130_msds_us_Default.pdf MallBaker MSDS]

| EUClass = Repr. Cat. 1/3<br />Beracun ('''T''')<br />Berbahaya ('''Xn''')<br />Berbahaya bagi lingkungan ('''N''')

| RPhrases = {{R61}}, {{R20/22}}, {{R33}}, {{R62}}, {{R50/53}}

| SPhrases = {{S53}}, {{S45}}, {{S60}}, {{S61}}

| NFPA-H = 3

| NFPA-F = 0

| NFPA-R = 1

| NFPA-S = OX

| FlashPt = Tidak terbakar

| PEL =

| LDLo = 500 mg/kg (marmot, oral)<ref name=IDLH>{{IDLH|7439921|Senyawa timbal (sebagai Pb)}}</ref>

| OtherAnions = [[Timbal(II) sulfat]]<br />[[Timbal(II) klorida]] <br /> [[Timbal(II) bromida]]

| OtherCations = [[Timah(II) nitrat]]

| OtherFunction =

| OtherFunction_label =

| OtherCompoundsOtherCpds = [[Talium(III) nitrat]]<br />[[Bismut(III) nitrat]]

'''TembagaTimbal(II) nitrat''' adalah suatu [[senyawa anorganik]] dengan [[rumus kimia]] [[Timbal|Pb]]([[Nitrat|NO₃]])₂. Senyawa ini umumnya dijumpai sebagai [[kristal]] tak berwarna atau serbuk putih dan, tidak seperti kebanyakan [[garam (kimia)|garam]] timbal(II) lainnya, [[Kelarutan|larut]] dalam [[air]].

Senyawa ini telah dikenal sejak [[Abad Pertengahan]] dengan nama '''plumb dulcis''', produksi timbal(II) nitrat baik dari logam [[timbal]] maupun [[timbal(II) oksida|timbal oksida]] dalam [[asam nitrat]] merupakan produksi skala kecil, untuk digunakan langsung dalam pembuatan [[Senyawa anorganik berdasarkan unsur#Timbal (plumbum)|senyawa timbal]] lainnya. Pada abad ke-19 timbal(II) nitrat mulai diproduksi secara komersial di Eropa dan Amerika Serikat. Menurut catatan sejarah, penggunaan utamanya adalah sebagai bahan baku produksi [[pigmen]] untuk [[cat timbal]], tetapi cat sejenis ini sudah digantikan oleh cat yang lebih aman berbahan dasar [[titanium dioksida]]. Penggunaan industri lainnya mencakup [[stabilisator (kimia)|penstabil]] panas dalam [[nilon]] dan [[poliester]], dan sebagai pelapis kertas [[termografi|fototermografi]]. Sejak tahun 2000an, timaltimbal(II) nitrat mulai digunakan dalan [[sianidasi emas]].

Pada tahun 1597, [[Alkimia|alkimiawanalkimia]]wan Jerman [[Andreas Libavius]] adalah yang pertama menjelaskan senyawa ini, dengan merujuk pada nama abad pertengahan ''plumb dulcis'' dan ''calx plumb dulcis'', yang berarti ''timbal manis'', karena rasanya.<ref name="libavius">{{cite book|first = Andreas|last = Libavius|authorlink = Andreas Libavius|title = Alchemia Andreæ Libavii|location = Francofurti|publisher = Iohannes Saurius|year = 1595}}</ref> Meskipun awalnya tidak dipahami selama beberapa abad berikutnya, sifat [[dekrepitasi]] timbal(II) nitrat menjadikannya digunakan dalam korek api dan [[bahan peledak]] khusus seperti [[timbal(II) azida|timbal azida]].<ref name="pyrotechnica">{{cite journal|title = Lead nitrate as an oxidizer in blackpowder|journal = Pyrotechnica |volume = 4 |date = October 1978|pages=16–18|first = J.B.|last = Barkley|publisher = Pyrotechnica Publications|location = [[Post Falls, Idaho]]}}</ref>

Proses produksi pernah dan masih mengikuti cara kimia sederhana, melarutkan [[timbal]] dalam ''aqua fortis'' ([[asam nitrat]]), dan secara berkala diambil [[Pengendapan (kimia)|endaannyaendapannya]]. Namun, produksi tetap skala kecil selama berabad-abad, dan produksi komersial timbal(II) nitrat sebagai bahan baku untuk pembuatan senyawa timbal lainnya tidak dilaporkan sampai 1835.<ref name=britannica1911>{{cite web|url = http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Lead|title = Lead|publisher = [[Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition]]|accessdate = 2006-10-11}}</ref><ref name=macgregor>{{cite book|first = John|last = Macgregor|title = Progress of America to year 1846|url = https://archive.org/details/cihm_51791|publisher = Whittaker & Co|location = London|year = 1847|isbn = 0-665-51791-2}}</ref> InPada tahun 1974, the [[UnitedAmerika StatesSerikat|UA.S.]] consumptionmengkonsumsi ofsenyawa lead compoundstimbal, excludingtidak pigmentstermasuk andpigmen dan aditif [[gasolinebensin]] additives, wasadalah 642&nbsp;tonston.<ref name="greenwood">{{cite book| first = Norman N.|last = Greenwood|author2=Earnshaw, A. |year = 1997|title = Chemistry of the Elements|url = https://archive.org/details/chemistryelement00earn_087|edition = 2nd|pages= [https://archive.org/details/chemistryelement00earn_087/page/n409 388], 456|location = Oxford|publisher = Butterworth-Heinemann|isbn = 0-7506-3365-4}}</ref>

== StructureStruktur ==

[[ImageBerkas:LeadNitrateCrystalStructure.png|300px|leftkiri|thumbjmpl|CrystalStruktur structurekristal <nowiki>[111]</nowiki> planeplanar]]

[[Struktur kristal]] timbal(II) nitrat padat telah ditentukan menggunakan [[difraksi neutron]].<ref>{{cite journal|first = W.C.|last = Hamilton|title = A neutron crystallographic study of lead nitrate|journal = [[Acta Crystallographica|Acta Crystallogr.]]|year = 1957|volume = 10|pages = 103–107|doi = 10.1107/S0365110X57000304|issue = 2}}</ref><ref name="nowotny">{{cite journal|title = Structure refinement of lead nitrate|first = H.|last = Nowotny|author2=G. Heger |journal = [[Acta Crystallogr. C]]|year = 1986 |volume = 42|pages = 133–35|doi = 10.1107/S0108270186097032|issue = 2}}</ref> Senyawa [[Kristalisasi|mengkristal]] dalam sistem kubik dengan atom timbal dalam sistem [[Sistem kristal kubik|kubik pusat muka]]. [[Golongan ruang]]nya adalah Pa3_Z=4 (notasi [[kisi Bravais]] notation), yang masing-masing sisi kubus memiliki panjang 784&nbsp;[[picometrepikometer]].

Noktah hitam menggambarkan atom timbal, noktah putih gugus nitrat 27&nbsp;pikometer di atas bidang atom timbal. Pada konfigurasi ini, setiap atom timbal [[Ikatan kimia|terikat dengan duabelas atom oksigen ([[panjang ikatan]]:281&nbsp;pikometer). Semua panjang atom N–O juga sama pada 127&nbsnbsp;ppikometerpikometer.

== PreparationPreparasi anddan productionproduksi ==

LeadTimbal(II) nitratenitrat candapat bediperoleh obtaineddengan by dissolvingmelarutkan [[leadTimbal|metalliclogam leadtimbal]] indalam aqueouslarutan [[nitricasam acidnitrat]]:<ref name="greenwood"/><ref name="kirkothmer"/>

: <center><math>\text{Pb} + 4\text{ HNO₃}_3 →\longrightarrow \text{Pb(NO₃}_3\text{)₂}_2 + 2\text{ NO₂}_2 + 2\text{ H}_2\text{O}<sub/math>2</subcenter>O

InDalam eitherkasus caselain, since thekarena [[solventpelarut]]nya isadalah concentratedasam nitricnitrat acidpekat (insedangkan which leadtimbal(II) nitratenitrat hasmemiliki verykelarutan lowyang solubilitysangat rendah) anddan thelarutan resultingyang solutiondihasilkan containsmengandung ion [[nitratenitrat]] ions, anhydrous crystals ofkristal leadtimbal(II) nitratenitrat spontaneouslyanhidrat formterbentuk assecara aspontan resultsebagai ofhasil thedari [[commonefek ion effectsejenis]]:<ref name="kirkothmer"/>

MostHampir commerciallysemua available leadtimbal(II) nitrate,nitrat asyang welltersedia assecara komersial diproduksi sesuai dengan bahan skala [[laboratorylaboratorium]]-scale material, is produced accordingly.<ref name="adlam">{{cite book|last = Adlam|first = George Henry Joseph|author2=Price, Leslie Slater |title = A [[Higher School Certificate (UK)|Higher School Certificate]] Inorganic Chemistry|location = London|publisher = John Murray|year = 1938}}</ref> Dipasok Supplydalam iskemasan inkantong 25&nbsp;kilogramkg bagshingga upkantong tojumbo 10001.000&nbspnbps;kilogram [[Flexible intermediate bulk container|big bags]]kg, anddan indalam laboratorykemasan containers,laboratorium. bothHal byini generaldilakukan producersbaik ofoleh laboratoryprodusen chemicalsumum andbahan bykimia producerslaboratorium ofmaupun leadprodusen andtimbal [[Inorganicdan compoundssenyawa bytimbal. element#LeadTidak (Plumbum)|lead compounds]].ada Noproduksi large-scaleskala productionbesar hasyang beentelah reporteddilaporkan.

InDalam nitricperlakuan acidlimbah treatmenttimbal ofmenggunakan lead-containingasam wastesnitrat, e.g.misalnya, indalam thepengolahan processinglimbah of lead–timbal-[[bismuthbismut]] wastesdari frompengilangan lead refineriestimbal, impurelarutan solutionstak ofmurni leadtimbal(II) nitratenitrat aredibuat formed assebagai [[by-productproduk sampingan]]. TheseLarutan solutionsini aredilaporkan reporteduntuk todigunakan bedalam used in theproses [[goldsianidasi cyanidationemas]] process.<ref name="sidech">{{cite web|title = Product catalog; other products|url = http://www.sidech.be/products.html|publisher = Sidech|location = Tilly, Belgium|accessdate = 2008-01-05|archive-date = 2007-07-01|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070701013928/http://www.sidech.be/products.html|dead-url = yes}}</ref>

== ReactionsReaksi ==

Apart fromSelain [[leadtimbal(II) acetateasetat]], leadtimbal(II) nitratenitrat isadalah thesatu-satunya onlysenyawa commontimbal solubleumum leadyang compounddapat larut. LeadTimbal(II) nitratenitrat readilymudah [[solvationkelarutan|dissolveslarut]] indalam waterair tomenghasilkan givelarutan ajernih clear, colourlesstak solutionberwarna.<ref name="ferris">{{cite journal|first = L.M.|last = Ferris|title = Lead nitrate—Nitric acid—Water system|journal = Journal of Chemicals and Engineering Date|year = 1959|doi = 10.1021/je60007a002|volume = 5|pages = 242–242|issue = 3}}</ref> As anSebagai [[ionicsenyawa compound|ionic substanceion]], thepelarutan dissolution of leadtimbal(II) nitratenitrat involvesmelibatkan [[dissociationdisosiasi (chemistrykimia)|dissociationdisosiasi]] into itsmenjadi constituention-ion ionskonstituennya.

LeadTimbal(II) nitratenitrat formsmembentuk alarutan slightlyyang acidicsedikit solutionasam, with adengan pH ofantara 3.,0 tosampai 4.,0 foruntuk alarutan 20% aqueousdalam solutionair.<ref>http://www.mallbaker.com/americas/msds/english/L3130_msds_us_Default.pdf{{Pranala mati|date=Mei 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

WhenKetika concentratedlarutan [[sodiumnatrium hydroxidehidroksida]] solutionpekat isditambahkan addedke todalam leadlarutan timbal(II) nitrate solutionnitrat, terbentuk [[AlkaliGaram saltalkali|basicbasa nitratesnitrat]] are formed, evenmeskipun wellsedikit past themelampaui [[equivalencetitik pointekivalen]]. UpMenuju throughsetengah thetitik halfekivalen, equivalenceterbentuk point,senyawa Pb(NO₃)₂·Pb(OH)₂ predominates, thenyang kemudian setelah titik afterini thisakan pointterbentuk Pb(NO₃)₂·5Pb(OH)₂. isTidak formed.ada No simplepembentukan {{chem2|Pb(OH)_|2}} issederhana formed up to at leastpada [[pH]] sekitar 12.<ref name="kirkothmer">{{cite book|first = D.F.|last = Othmer|authorlink = Donald Othmer|title = Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology|edition = second completely revised|volume = 12 (Iron to Manganese)|year = 1967|publisher = [[John Wiley & Sons]]|location = New York|pages = &nbsp;272|isbn = 0-471-02040-0}}</ref><ref name="pauley">{{cite journal|title = Basic Salts of Lead Nitrate Formed in Aqueous Media|first = J. L.|last = Pauley|author2=M. K. Testerman |journal = [[Journal of the American Chemical Society]]|year = 1954|volume = 76|issue = 16|pages = 4220–4222|doi = 10.1021/ja01645a062}}</ref>

=== ComplexationKompleksasi ===

LeadTimbal(II) nitratenitrat isterkait associated with interestingdengan [[supramolecularkimia chemistrysupramolekul]] becauseyang ofmenakjubkan itskarena [[complexkomplkes (chemistrykimia)|coordinationkoordinasinya]] todengan senyawa pendonor elektron [[nitrogen]] anddan [[oxygenoksigen]]. electron-donatingDaya compounds.tariknya Thelebih interestpada isaspek largely academicakademis, buttetapi withdengan severalbeberapa potentialaplikasi applicationspotensial. For exampleMisalnya, combiningpenggabungan leadtimbal nitratenitrat anddan [[diethyleneDietilena glycolglikol|pentaethylenepentaetilena glycolglikol]] ({{chem2|EO_|5}}) indalam a solution oflarutan [[acetonitrileasetonitril]] anddan [[methanolmetanol]] followeddiikuti by slowdengan [[evaporationpenguapan]] produceslambat amenghasilkan newbahan crystallinekristal materialbaru [Pb(NO₃)₂(EO₅)].<ref>{{cite journal|title = Structural Chemistry of Poly (ethylene glycol). Complexes of Lead(II) Nitrate and Lead(II) Bromide|first = Robin D.|last = Rogers|author2=Andrew H. Bond |author3=Debra M. Roden |journal = [[Inorganic Chemistry (journal)|Inorg. Chem.]]|year = 1996|issue = 24|pages = 6964–6973|doi = 10.1021/ic960587b|volume = 35|pmid=11666874}}</ref> InDalam thestruktur crystalkristal structuresenyawa for this compoundini, therantai {{chem2|EO_|5}} chaindikelilingi isoleh wrappedion around the lead iontimbal indalan ansuatu [[CelestialSferis sphereselestial|equatorialbidang planeekuatorial]] similaryang tomirip that of adengan [[crowneter ethermahkota]]. The two bidentate nitrateDua [[ligandligan]]s arenitrat inbidentat berada dalam bentuk [[CisIsomerisme cis-trans isomerism|konfigurasi trans configuration]]. The total [[coordinationBilangan numberkoordinasi]] istotal adalah 10, with the leaddengan ion intimbal adalam bicappedstruktur [[squaregeometri antiprismmolekul]] [[molecularantiprisma geometrypersegi]].

TheSenyawa complexkompleks formedyang bydibentuk leadoleh timbal(II) nitratenitrat, [[leadtimbal(II) perchlorateperklorat]] anddan aligan donor N bidentat [[thiazoletiazola|bithiazolebitiazola]] bidentate N-donoradalah ligandkompleks isinti binuclearganda, withdengan agugus nitratenitrat groupmenjembatani bridgingatom thetimbal leaddengan atomsbilangan with coordination number ofkoordinasi 5 anddan 6.<ref name=mahjoub>{{cite journal|title = A Dimeric Mixed-Anions Lead(II) Complex: Synthesis and Structural Characterization of [Pb₂(BTZ)₄(NO₃)(H₂O)](ClO₄)₃ {BTZ = 4,4'-Bithiazole}|first = Ali Reza|last = Mahjoub|author2 = Ali Morsali|journal = [[Chemistry Letters]]|volume = 30|issue = 12|year = 2001|page= 1234|doi=10.1246/cl.2001.1234}}</ref> OneSalah interestingsatu aspectaspek ofyang thismenarik typedari ofkompleks complexesjenis is the presence ofini aadalah physicaladanya gapcelah infisik thedalam [[coordinationlingkungan spherekoordinasi]]; i.e.yaitu, theligan ligandstidak areberada notsecara placedsimetris symmetricallymengelilingi aroundion the metal ionlogam. ThisHal isini potentiallyberpotensi due to a leadkarena [[lonepasangan pairelektron sunyi]] ofpada electronstimbal, alsojuga foundditemukan indalam leadkompleks complexestimbal withdengan anligan [[imidazoleimidazola]] ligand.<ref name=wan>{{cite journal|title = 2D 4.8² Network with threefold parallel interpenetration from nanometre-sized tripodal ligand and lead(II) nitrate|authors = Shuang-Yi Wan, Jian Fan, Taka-aki Okamura, Hui-Fang Zhu, Xing-Mei Ouyang, Wei-Yin Sun and Norikazu Ueyama|journal = [[Chemical Communications|Chem. Commun.]]|year = 2002|pages = 2520–2521|doi = 10.1039/b207568g|issue = 21}}</ref>

=== OxidationOksidasi anddan decompositiondekomposisi ===

LeadTimbal(II) nitratenitrat is anadalah [[oxidizing agentoksidator]]. DependingIni onbisa thedisebabkan reaction,karena this may be due to theion {{chem2|Pb^|2+(aq) ion}}, whichyang has a standardmempunyai [[reductionpotensial potentialreduksi]] (E⁰°) ofstandar −0.,125&nbsp;V, or the nitrateatau ion, whichnitrat underyang acidicpada conditionssuasana hasasam anmempunyai E⁰ of° +0.,956&nbsp;V.<ref name="HillPetrucci">{{cite book|title = General Chemistry|publisher = Prentice Hall|location = Upper Saddle River, New Jersey|year = 1999|page = &nbsp;781|first = John W.|last = Hill|author2=Petrucci, Ralph H. |edition = 2nd|isbn = 0-13-010318-7}}</ref> TheNitrat nitrateakan wouldberfungsi functionpada attemperatur hightinggi temperaturesatau ordalam insuasa an acidic conditionasam, whilesementara the leadtimbal(II) works best inberfungsi aoptimal neutraldalam aqueouslarutan solutionnetral.

WhenKetika heateddipanaskan, leadkristal timbal(II) nitrate crystalsnitrat decomposeterdekomposisi tomenjadi [[leadtimbal(II) oxideoksida]], [[OxygenOksigen#Allotropesalotropi|oxygenoksigen]] anddan [[nitrogen dioxidedioksida]].

:<center><math>2\text{ Pb(NO₃}_3\text{)_{}_{2} (s)} →\longrightarrow 2\text{ PbO }_{(s)} + 4 \text{NO_{}_{2} (g)} + \text{O}_{2(g)}<sub/math>2</subcenter> (g)

BecauseOleh ofkarena thissifat propertyini, leadtimbal nitratenitrat issering sometimesdigunakan used indalam [[pyrotechnicspiroteknik]] such asseperti [[fireworkskembang api]].<ref name="pyrotechnica"/>

== ApplicationsAplikasi ==

DueKarena tosifat the hazardous nature of leadtimbal(II) nitrate,nitrat thereyang isberbahaya, aada preferencepreferensi foruntuk usingmenggunakan alternativesalternatif indalam industrialaplikasi applicationsindustri. InSebelumnya, theaplikasi formerlyutama major application ofadalah [[leadcat painttimbal]]s, itsekarang hassebagian largelybesar beentelah replaceddigantikan bydengan [[titanium dioxidedioksida]].<ref name="millennium">{{cite web|url = http://www.millenniumchem.com/Products+and+Services/Products+by+Type/Titanium+Dioxide+-+Paint+and+Coatings/r_TiO2+Fundamentals/Historical+Development+of+Titanium+Dioxide_EN.htm |title = Historical development of titanium dioxide|publisher = Millennium Inorganic Chemicals|accessdate = 2008-01-04|archiveurl = httphttps://web.archive.org/web/20071021023341/http://www.millenniumchem.com/Products+and+Services/Products+by+Type/Titanium+Dioxide+-+Paint+and+Coatings/r_TiO2+Fundamentals/Historical+Development+of+Titanium+Dioxide_EN.htm |archivedate = October 2007-10-21,|dead-url 2007= yes}}</ref> OtherAplikasi historicalhistoris applicationslainnya ofdari leadtimbal(II) nitratenitrat, suchseperti asdalam inkorek matchesdan andkembang fireworksapi, havetelah declinedmenurun oratau ceasedberhenti as welltotal. CurrentAplikasi applicationstimbal of lead(II) nitratenitrat includesaat useini asmencakup apenggunaan heatsebagai stabiliserstabilisator inpanas nylondalam andnilon dan polyesterspoliester, assebagai apelapis coatinguntuk forkertas [[thermographytermografi|photothermographicfototermografi]] paper, and indan [[rodenticiderodentisida]]s.<ref name="greenwood"/>

ToUntuk improvememperbaiki theproses [[TankPelindian leachingtanki|leachingpelindian]] process({{lang-en|leaching}}) in thedalam [[goldsianidasi cyanidationemas]], leadditambahkan larutan timbal(II) nitratenitrat. solutionMeskipun isprosesnya added.meilbatkan Althoughjumlah abesar, bulkhanya process,sedikit timbal(II) onlynitrat limitedyang amountsdiperlukan (10 tosampai 100&nbsp;milligramsmiligram leadtimbal(II) nitratenitrat per kilogram goldemas) are required.<ref>{{cite book|first = Fathi|last = Habashi|title = Recent advances in gold metallurgy|year = 1998 |journal=Revisa de la Facultad de Ingeniera, Universidad Central de Venezuela|volume=13|issue=2|pages=43–54}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url = http://www.e-goldprospecting.com/html/auxiliary_agents_in_gold_cyani.html|title = Auxiliary agents in gold cyanidation|publisher = Gold Prospecting and Gold Mining|accessdate = 2008-01-05}}</ref> BothBaik thesianidasi cyanidationitu itselfsendiri, asmaupun wellpenggunaan assenyawa thetimbal usedalam of lead compounds in the processproses, are deemeddianggap controversialkontroversial duekarena tosifat thetoksik compounds'kedua toxicsenyawa naturetersebut.

InDalam organickimia chemistryorganik, leadtimbal(II) nitratenitrat hastelah beendigunakan usedsebagai as an oxidantoksidan, formisalnya examplesebagai assuatu analternatif alternative to thedari [[reaksi Sommelet reaction]] for oxidationuntuk ofoksidasi [[benzylbenzil]]ic halideshalida tomenjadi aldehydesaldehida.<ref name=SchulzeBerichte1884>{{cite journal |last = Schulze

| volume = 17|page = 1530|year = 1884|doi=10.1002/cber.188401701384}}</ref> It{{chem2|Pb(NO|3|)|2}} hasjuga alsodijumpai founddigunakan usedalam in the preparation ofpreparasi [[isothiocyanateisotiosianat]]s fromdari [[dithiocarbamateditiokarbamat]]s.<ref name="OrgSynDains">{{OrgSynth|author =Dains, F. B.; Brewster, R. Q.; Olander, C. P. |title = Phenyl isothiocyanate|collvol = 1|collvolpages = 447|prep = cv1p0447}}</ref> BecauseKarena ofsifat itstoksiknya toxicitytimbal(II) itnitrat hasmulai largelyjarang fallen out of favourdigunakan, buthanya itaplikasi-aplikasi stillterbatas findsyang occasionalmasih usemenggunakannya, forseperti exampleperaup as a({{lang-en|scavenger}}) [[bromidebromida]] scavenger duringselama [[Reaksi SN1|substitusi reaction{{chem2|SN|S_N1 substitution}}]].<ref name="OrgSynRapoport">

== SafetyKeselamatan ==

{{mainUtama|LeadKeracunan poisoningtimbal}}

LeadTimbal(II) nitratenitrat isbersifat toxictoksik, anddan ingestionjika maytertelan leaddapat tomenyebabkan acutekeracunan leadtimbal poisoning,akut. asIni isberlaku applicableterutama foruntuk allseluruh solublesenyawa leadtimbal yang dapat compoundslarut.<ref name="icsc">{{cite web|title = Lead nitrate, Chemical Safety Card 1000|url = http://www.inchem.org/documents/icsc/icsc/eics1000.htm |publisher = [[International Labour Organization]], International Occupational Safety and Health Information Centre|date=March 1999|accessdate = 2008-01-19}}</ref> AllSeluruh [[Inorganic compounds by element#Lead (Plumbum)Timbal|inorganicsenyawa leadtimbal compoundsanorganik]] arediklasifikasikan classified by theoleh [[InternationalBadan AgencyInternasional forPenelitian Research on CancerKanker]] (IARC) assebagai [[List ofDaftar IARC GroupGolongan 2A carcinogenskarsinogen|probablyberpotensi carcinogenickarsinogen topada humansmanusia]] (CategoryKategori&nbsp;2A).<ref name="IARC1">{{cite journal|publisher = [[International Agency for Research on Cancer]]|year = 1987|url = http://monographs.iarc.fr/ENG/Monographs/suppl7/suppl7.pdf|format = PDF|title = Inorganic and Organic Lead Compounds|journal = IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans|volume = Suppl. 7|accessdate = 2008-01-19|pages = &nbsp;239}}</ref> TheyMereka haveterkait been linked todengan [[renalkarsinoma cellsel carcinomaginjal|renalkanker cancerginjal]] anddan [[glioma]] indalam experimentalpercobaan animalspada andbinatang tountuk renalkanker cancerginjal, [[brainTumor tumorotak|brainkanker cancerotak]] anddan [[lungkanker cancerparu-paru]] indalam humansmanusia, althoughmeskipun studiesstudi ofterhadap workerspekerja exposedyang toterpapar leadtimbal aresering oftenkali complicatedrumit bykarena concurrentbersamaan exposuredengan topaparan [[arsenicarsenik]].<ref name="IARC2">{{cite journal|publisher = [[International Agency for Research on Cancer]]|year = 2006|url = http://monographs.iarc.fr/ENG/Monographs/vol87/volume87.pdf|format = PDF|title = Inorganic and Organic Lead Compounds|journal = IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans|volume = 87|isbn=92-832-1287-8|accessdate = 2008-01-01|author = World Health Organization, International Agency for Research on Cancer.}}</ref> LeadTimbal isdikenal knownsebagai to substitute forpengganti [[zincseng]] indalam a number ofsejumlah [[enzymeenzim]]s, includingtermasuk [[porphobilinogenporfobilinogen synthasesintase|δ-aminolevulinicasam acidaminolevulinat dehydratasedehidratase]] (porphobilinogenporfobilinogen synthasesintase) indalam thejalur biosintesis [[heme|haem]] biosynthetic pathway anddan [[NucleotidaseNukleotidase|pyrimidinepirimidin-5′-nucleotidasenukleotidase]], importantyang forpenting thebagi correct metabolism ofmetabolisme [[DNA]] andyang baik dan canoleh thereforekarenanya causemenyebabkan fetalkerusakan damagejanin.<ref name=mohammed>{{cite journal|last = Mohammed-Brahim|first = B.|author2 = Buchet, J.P. |author3=Lauwerys, R. |title = Erythrocyte pyrimidine 5'-nucleotidase activity in workers exposed to lead, mercury or cadmium|journal = Int Arch Occup Environ Health|year = 1985|volume = 55|issue = 3|pages = 247–52|pmid = 2987134|doi = 10.1007/BF00383757}}</ref>

* Pigmen yang mengandung timbal, seperti [[Timbal putih]], [[NaKuning Napoli]], dan [[Timbal merah]]

{{Commons category|Lead(II) nitrate|Timbal(II) nitrat}}

* [http://physchem.ox.ac.uk/MSDS/LE/lead_nitrate.html MSDS timbal nitrat, PTCL, Oxford University] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070916040907/http://physchem.ox.ac.uk/MSDS/LE/lead_nitrate.html |date=2007-09-16 }}

* [http://www.sciencestuff.com/msds/C1980.html MSDS timbal nitrat, Science Stuff Inc] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060328120306/http://www.sciencestuff.com/msds/C1980.html |date=2006-03-28 }}

* [http://avogadro.chem.iastate.edu/MSDS/Pb(NO3)2.htm MSDS timbal nitrat, Iowa State University] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060504233922/http://avogadro.chem.iastate.edu/MSDS/Pb(NO3)2.htm |date=2006-05-04 }}

* [https://srmors.nist.gov/msds/view_msds2pdf.cfm?msds=991 MSDS timbal nitrat, NIST]{{Pranala mati|date=Maret 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Timbal(IiII) Nitrat}}

[[Kategori:Karsinogen IARC Golongan 2A karsinogen]]

[[Kategori:Senyawa timbal(II)]]