Ikan dayung: Perbedaan antara revisi
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←Membuat halaman berisi '{{Taxobox |name = Ikan dayung |fossil_range = {{Fossil range|Barremian|Recent}}<ref name=FB>{{FishBase_family|family=Polyodontidae|year=2009|month=January}}</ref> | image = | image_caption = |regnum = Animalia |phylum = Chordata |classis = Actinopterygii |ordo = Acipenseriformes |subordo = Acipenserodei |familia = '''Polyodontidae''' |familia_authority = Bonaparte, 1838 |subdivision_ranks = Genera |subdivision =...' Tag: Suntingan perangkat seluler Suntingan peramban seluler Suntingan seluler lanjutan |
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Baris 1:
{{Taxobox
|name = Ikan dayung
|fossil_range = {{Fossil range|
| image = Paddlefish-USFWS-Fish-and-Aquatic-Conservation-2160x1440.jpg
| image_caption = ''Polyodon spathula''
|regnum = [[Animalia]]
|phylum = [[Chordata]]
Baris 13:
|subdivision_ranks = Genera
|subdivision =
* ''[[Ikan dayung amerika|Polyodon]]''
* ''[[Ikan dayung tiongkok|Psephurus]]'' (punah)
* ''[[Crossopholis]]'' (punah)
* ''[[Paleopsephurus]]'' (punah)
Baris 22:
|synonyms =
}}
'''Ikan dayung''' adalah sebutan bagi kelompok ikan dalam famili '''Polyodontidae''', ordo [[Acipenseriformes]].<ref name="Crow2012">{{Cite journal | doi = 10.1093/gbe/evs067| pmid = 22851613| title = An Independent Genome Duplication Inferred from Hox Paralogs in the American Paddlefish--A Representative Basal Ray-Finned Fish and Important Comparative Reference| journal = Genome Biology and Evolution| volume = 4| issue = 9| pages = 937–953| year = 2012| last1 = Crow | first1 = K. D.| last2 = Smith | first2 = C. D.| last3 = Cheng | first3 = J. -F. | last4 = Wagner | first4 = G. P.| last5 = Amemiya | first5 = C. T.| pmc = 3509897}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Paddlefish (Polyodon spathula) |url=https://tpwd.texas.gov/huntwild/wild/species/pad/ |access-date=2022-12-02 |website=tpwd.texas.gov}}</ref> Ikan ini hampir secara eksklusif berasal dari [[Amerika Utara]] dan [[Cina]], baik yang masih ada maupun yang sudah punah.<ref name="Oxford">{{cite journal | title=The Paddlefish Rostrum as an Electrosensory Organ: A Novel Adaptation for Plankton Feeding | url=https://archive.org/details/sim_bioscience_2007-05_57_5/page/399 | journal=BioScience | volume=57 | issue=5 | date=2007 | pages=399–407 | doi=10.1641/B570505 | last1=Wilkens | first1=Lon A. | last2=Hofmann | first2=Michael H. | doi-access=free }}</ref>
Terdapat delapan spesies yang diketahui, enam diantaranya telah punah yang diketahui hanya dari sisa-sisa fosil (lima dari Amerika Utara, satu dari Cina).<ref name="Hilton2023" /> Salah satu spesiesnya yang masih ada yakni [[ikan dayung amerika]] (''Polyodon spathula'') berasal dari lembah [[Sungai Mississippi]] di [[Amerika Serikat]], dan salah satu spesiesnya yang telah punah yakni [[Ikan dayung tiongkok|ikan dayung cina]] (''Psephurus gladius''),<ref name="Reuters2022">{{Cite news |date=2022-07-22 |title=Chinese Paddlefish and wild Yangtze Sturgeon extinct - IUCN |language=en |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/business/environment/chinese-paddlefish-wild-yangtze-sturgeon-extinct-iucn-2022-07-22/ |access-date=2022-07-22 |archive-date=23 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220723155510/https://www.reuters.com/business/environment/chinese-paddlefish-wild-yangtze-sturgeon-extinct-iucn-2022-07-22/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="SD2019">{{cite journal | title=Extinction of one of the world's largest freshwater fishes: Lessons for conserving the endangered Yangtze fauna | journal=Science of the Total Environment | volume=710 | pages=136242 | issn=0048-9697 | doi=10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.136242 | year=2020 | last1=Zhang | first1=Hui | last2=Jarić | first2=Ivan | last3=Roberts | first3=David L. | last4=He | first4=Yongfeng | last5=Du | first5=Hao | last6=Wu | first6=Jinming | last7=Wang | first7=Chengyou | last8=Wei | first8=Qiwei | pmid=31911255 | bibcode=2020ScTEn.710m6242Z | s2cid=210086307 }}</ref><ref name="Oceanographic 2020">{{cite web | title=Study declares ancient Chinese paddlefish extinct | website=Oceanographic | date=2020-01-09 | url=https://www.oceanographicmagazine.com/news/chinese-paddlefish-extinct/ | access-date=2022-04-23}}</ref> yang terakhir terlihat pada tahun 2003 di Cekungan [[Sungai Yangtze]], [[Cina]].<ref name="SCMPost 2020">{{cite web | title=Chinese paddlefish, native to the Yangtze River, declared extinct by scientists | website=South China Morning Post | date=2020-01-04 | url=https://www.scmp.com/news/china/society/article/3044520/chinese-paddlefish-native-yangtze-river-declared-extinct | access-date=2020-01-04}}</ref><ref name="IUCN-Chinese">{{cite iucn |author=Qiwei, W. |date=2010 |title=''Psephurus gladius'' |volume=2010 |page=e.T18428A8264989 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010-1.RLTS.T18428A8264989.en |access-date=11 November 2021}}</ref> Ikan dayung Cina juga sering disebut dengan "ikan todak Cina", atau "ikan gajah".<ref name="FAO">{{cite web | url=http://www.fao.org/fishery/species/14620/en | title=''Psephurus gladius'' (Martens, 1862) | publisher=Food and Agriculture Organization of the United States | work=Species Fact Sheet | access-date=June 10, 2014 | author=Fisheries and Aquaculture Department | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150707033220/http://www.fao.org/fishery/species/14620/en | archive-date=July 7, 2015 }}</ref> Genus ikan dayung paling awal ada yang diketahui adalah ''[[Protopsephurus]]'' yang hidup pada [[Zaman Kapur Awal]] (Aptian) di Cina pada sekitar 120 juta tahun yang lalu.
Populasi ikan dayung telah menurun secara dramatis sepanjang sejarahnya dikarenakan penangkapan ikan yang berlebihan, [[polusi]], dan perambahan pembangunan manusia, termasuk pembangunan bendungan yang menghalangi migrasi musiman mereka ke tempat pemijahan.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/05/26/science/paddlefish-caviar-conservation.html|title=Hooking the Dinosaur of Fish|date=2018-05-26|work=The New York Times|access-date=2018-05-27|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> Efek merugikan lainnya termasuk perubahan sungai yang telah mengubah aliran alami yang mengakibatkan hilangnya habitat pemijahan dan area pembibitan.<ref name=NatGeo>{{cite web|publisher=National Geographic|title=Chinese Paddlefish|url=http://environment.nationalgeographic.com/environment/freshwater/chinese-paddlefish/|access-date=May 28, 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714034603/http://environment.nationalgeographic.com/environment/freshwater/chinese-paddlefish/|archive-date=July 14, 2014}}</ref>
== Referensi ==
{{reflist}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q858011}}
[[Kategori:Acipenseriformes]]
[[Kategori:Polyodontidae]]
[[Kategori:Ikan]]
[[Kategori:Ikan konsumsi]]
[[Kategori:Ikan langka]]
[[Kategori:Ikan air tawar]]
[[Kategori:Spesies terancam]]
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