Unity Technologies: Perbedaan antara revisi
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{{Infobox company
| name = Unity Software Inc.
| logo = Unity
| trade_name = Unity Technologies
| traded_as = {{NYSE|U}}
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| website = {{Official URL}}
}}
'''Unity Software Inc.''' ([[Nama dagang|dengan nama dagang]] '''Unity Technologies''')<ref>{{cite press release |url=https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20200824005445/en/Unity-Technologies-Files-Registration-Statement-for-Proposed-Initial-Public-Offering |title=Unity Technologies Files Registration Statement for Proposed Initial Public Offering |publisher=Unity Technologies |date=24 August 2020 |via=[[Business Wire]]}}</ref> adalah perusahaan video game [[pengembangan perangkat lunak]] Amerika yang berbasis di [[San Francisco]]. Perusahaan ini didirikan di [[Denmark]] pada tahun 2004 sebagai '''Over the Edge Entertainment''' (OTEE) dan berganti nama pada tahun 2007. Unity Technologies terkenal karena pengembangan [[Unity (game engine)|Unity
== Sejarah ==
=== Pendirian dan kesuksesan awal (2004–2008) ===
Unity Technologies didirikan sebagai Over the Edge Entertainment (OTEE) di [[Kopenhagen]] pada tahun 2004 oleh David Helgason ([[Chief executive officer|CEO]]), Nicholas Francis ([[Chief creative officer|CCO]]), dan Joachim Ante ([[Chief technology officer|CTO]]).<ref name="Takahashi-CTO">{{cite news |title=Unity Technologies CTO declares the company isn't up for sale |last1=Takahashi |first1=Dean |url=https://venturebeat.com/2014/10/16/unity-cto-declares-the-company-isnt-up-for-sale/ |work=VentureBeat |date=16 October 2014 |accessdate=17 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190322173333/https://venturebeat.com/2014/10/16/unity-cto-declares-the-company-isnt-up-for-sale/ |archive-date=22 March 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="$400Million">{{cite news |title=Unity Technologies Gets a $400 Million Investment |last1=Illummont |first1=Brooke |url=https://www.insidescandinavianbusiness.com/article.php?id=15 |work=Inside Scandinavian Business |date=9 October 2017 |accessdate=29 November 2018 }}{{Pranala mati|date=Mei 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Over the Edge merilis permainan pertamanya, bernama ''[[GooBall]]'', pada tahun 2005.<ref name="$400Million" /> Game tersebut gagal secara komersial, tetapi ketiga pendirinya melihat nilai dalam alat pengembangan game yang telah mereka buat untuk menyederhanakan pengembangan game, sehingga mereka mengalihkan fokus perusahaan untuk menciptakan engine bagi pengembang lain.<ref name="Takahashi-CTO" /><ref name="$400Million" /><ref>{{cite news |title=Unity interview: engineering democracy |last1=Cook |first1=Dave |url=https://www.vg247.com/2012/10/18/unity-interview-engineering-democracy/ |work=VG24/7 |date=18 October 2012 |accessdate=17 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190322173333/https://www.vg247.com/2012/10/18/unity-interview-engineering-democracy/ |archive-date=22 March 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref>
Perusahaan berusaha untuk "mendemokrasikan" pengembangan permainan dan membuat pengembangan konten interaktif [[2D]] dan [[3D]] lebih mudah diakses.<ref name="McWhertor-Riccitiello">{{cite news |title=Former EA CEO John Riccitiello is now head of Unity |last1=McWhertor |first1=Michael |url=https://www.polygon.com/2014/10/22/7039683/electronic-arts-john-riccitiello-unity-ceo |work=Polygon |date=22 October 2014 |accessdate=17 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181205103251/https://www.polygon.com/2014/10/22/7039683/electronic-arts-john-riccitiello-unity-ceo |archive-date=5 December 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref> Unity dinobatkan sebagai runner-up untuk Penggunaan Terbaik Mac OS X Graphics di 2006 Apple Design Awards.<ref>{{cite news |title=Apple Design Award winners announced |last1=Smykil |first1=Jeff |url=https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2006/08/4937/ |work=[[Ars Technica]] |date=9 August 2006 |accessdate=29 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190320210340/https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2006/08/4937/ |archive-date=20 March 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref> Perusahaan bertumbuh dengan rilisnya [[iPhone]] pada tahun 2007, karena Unity Technologies memproduksi salah satu engine pertama yang mendukung platform secara penuh.<ref name="Unityat10">{{cite news |title=Unity at 10: For better—or worse—game development has never been easier |last1=Axon |first1=Samuel |url=https://arstechnica.com/gaming/2016/09/unity-at-10-for-better-or-worse-game-development-has-never-been-easier/ |work=Ars Technica |date=27 September 2016 |accessdate=17 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181005025906/https://arstechnica.com/gaming/2016/09/unity-at-10-for-better-or-worse-game-development-has-never-been-easier/ |archive-date=5 October 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Unity raises $181M monster round at a reported $1.5B valuation |last1=Matney |first1=Lucas |url=https://techcrunch.com/2016/07/13/unity-announces-181-million-monster-round-led-by-dfj-growth/ |work=[[TechCrunch]] |date=13 July 2016 |accessdate=29 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181204132509/https://techcrunch.com/2016/07/13/unity-announces-181-million-monster-round-led-by-dfj-growth/ |archive-date=4 December 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref> Karena industri permainan difokuskan pada permainan konsol ketika iPhone dan App Store dirilis, Unity diposisikan untuk mendukung pengembang yang ingin membuat permainan seluler.<ref>{{cite news |title=Asia is 'a game changer' |last1=Chng |first1=Grace |url=https://www.nexis.com/docview/getDocForCuiReq?lni=57KV-RFR1-JCF2-80P8&csi=8422&oc=00240&perma=true |work=[[The Straits Times]] |date=28 January 2013 |accessdate=29 November 2018}}</ref><ref name="NewRealities">{{cite news |title=With new realities to build, Unity positioned to become tech giant |last1=Matney |first1=Lucas |url=https://techcrunch.com/2017/05/25/with-new-realities-to-build-unity-positioned-to-become-tech-giant/ |work=[[TechCrunch]] |date=25 May 2017 |accessdate=29 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181020173106/https://techcrunch.com/2017/05/25/with-new-realities-to-build-unity-positioned-to-become-tech-giant/ |archive-date=20 October 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref> Dominasi pada iPhone sebagian besar tidak dibantahkan selama beberapa tahun.<ref name="Unityat10" /> Pada 2007, Over the Edge berubah namanya menjadi Unity Technologies.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://mcvuk.com/united-they-stand/ |title=United they stand |author=MCV Staff |date=17 December 2009 |website=[[MCV (magazine)|MCV]] |accessdate=29 May 2019}}</ref>
=== Platform dan perluasan baru (2009-sekarang) ===
Teknologi ini dikembangkan untuk berbagai platform.<ref name="Unityat10" /> Pada 2018, Unity telah digunakan untuk membuat permainan dan pengalaman lain di lebih dari 25 platform, termasuk [[seluler]], [[desktop]], [[konsol]], dan [[virtual reality]].<ref name="Kelliher">{{cite news |title=Video game company grabs two buildings on Mission Street for big expansion |last1=Kelliher |first1=Fiona |url=https://www.bizjournals.com/sanfrancisco/news/2018/08/24/video-game-unity-san-francisco-soma.html |newspaper=San Francisco Business Times |date=24 August 2018 |accessdate=17 October 2018}}</ref><ref name="Robertson">{{cite news |title=Unity officially releases its new game engine: Unity 5 |last1=Robertson |first1=Adi |url=https://www.theverge.com/2015/3/3/8142099/unity-5-engine-release |work=The Verge |date=3 March 2015 |accessdate=17 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208011922/http://www.theverge.com/2015/3/3/8142099/unity-5-engine-release |archive-date=8 December 2015 |url-status=live }}</ref> Unity Games juga dapat digunakan di Web.<ref name="
Unity Asset Store diluncurkan pada November 2010 sebagai pasar online bagi pengguna Unity untuk menjual aset proyek (karya seni, sistem kode, audio, dll.) Satu sama lain.<ref>{{cite news |title=The Unity Asset Store |last1=Elliott |first1=Phil |url=https://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/2010-11-10-the-unity-asset-store-interview |work=GameIndustry.biz |date=10 November 2010 |accessdate=17 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190322173331/https://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/2010-11-10-the-unity-asset-store-interview |archive-date=22 March 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref>
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Unity Technologies membuat Kolektif Ikon Unity pada November 2018.<ref>{{cite news |title=Unity Icon Collective gives indie devs access to triple-A game art |last1=Takahashi |first1=Dean |url=https://venturebeat.com/2018/11/15/unity-icon-collective-gives-indie-devs-access-to-triple-a-game-art/ |work=[[VentureBeat]] |date=15 November 2018 |accessdate=27 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181115101012/https://venturebeat.com/2018/11/15/unity-icon-collective-gives-indie-devs-access-to-triple-a-game-art/ |archive-date=15 November 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref> Tim membuat aset untuk dijual di Unity Asset Store untuk PC dan konsol.<ref>{{cite news |title=Unity Icon Collective gives indie devs access to triple-A game art |last1=Takahashi |first1=Dean |url=https://venturebeat.com/2018/11/15/unity-icon-collective-gives-indie-devs-access-to-triple-a-game-art/ |work=[[VentureBeat]] |quote=Unity Technologies is unveiling the Unity Icon Collective, a team of game developers who will create high-quality art for the Unity Asset Store that developers can use in their own games. The team will focus on creating triple-A imagery, or art for the best PC and console games |date=15 November 2018 |accessdate=27 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181115101012/https://venturebeat.com/2018/11/15/unity-icon-collective-gives-indie-devs-access-to-triple-a-game-art/ |archive-date=15 November 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref> Aset — karakter, lingkungan, seni, dan animasi — dapat digunakan dalam game berkualitas tinggi; langkah tersebut dipandang sebagai upaya untuk bersaing dengan saingan Unity, seperti [[Epic Games]]' [[Unreal Engine]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Unity Icon Collective gives indie devs access to triple-A game art |last1=Takahashi |first1=Dean |url=https://venturebeat.com/2018/11/15/unity-icon-collective-gives-indie-devs-access-to-triple-a-game-art/ |work=[[VentureBeat]] |quote=The move is Unity’s attempt to move further up the food chain, from its roots in mobile games to the highest echelons of games, which is owned by rivals such as Epic Games Unreal Engine or in-house game engines like Electronic Arts’ Frostbite. … The objects will be “game ready,” meaning Unity developers will be able to take the assets and use them easily in their own game scenes. The assets range from characters and environments to art and animation. |date=15 November 2018 |accessdate=27 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181115101012/https://venturebeat.com/2018/11/15/unity-icon-collective-gives-indie-devs-access-to-triple-a-game-art/ |archive-date=15 November 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref>
Perusahaan mengakuisisi [[Vivox]], penyedia obrolan suara dan teks [[lintas platform]] yang berbasis di [[Framingham, Massachusetts]], pada Januari 2019.<ref name="Fogel19">{{cite news |title=Unity Technologies Acquires Voice And Text Chat Provider Vivox |last1=Fogel |first1=Stefanie |url=https://variety.com/2019/gaming/news/unity-technologies-acquires-vivox-1203122251/ |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |date=29 January 2019 |accessdate=8 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190203144334/https://variety.com/2019/gaming/news/unity-technologies-acquires-vivox-1203122251/ |archive-date=3 February 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref> Perusahaan ini menjadi [[anak perusahaan]] yang sepenuhnya dimiliki oleh Unity Technologies dan beroperasi secara independen.<ref name="Fogel19" /> Vivox technology digunakan dalam ''[[Fortnite]]'', ''[[PlayerUnknown's Battlegrounds]]'', dan ''[[League of Legends]]'', diantara yang lain.<ref name="Fogel19" /> Ketentuan kesepakatan tidak diungkapkan.<ref>{{cite news |title=Unity acquires cross-platform game voice and text chat service, Vivox |last1=Blake |first1=Vikki |url=https://www.mcvuk.com/business/unity-acquires-cross-platform-game-voice-and-text-chat-service-vivox |work=MCVUK |date=31 January 2019 |accessdate=8 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190322173409/https://www.mcvuk.com/business/unity-acquires-cross-platform-game-voice-and-text-chat-service-vivox |archive-date=22 March 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref> Pada Mei 2019, perusahaan mengonfirmasi putaran pendanaan Seri E senilai $150 juta yang meningkatkan valuasinya menjadi $6 miliar. Pada bulan Juli tahun itu, diumumkan bahwa bersama dengan D1 Capital Partners, [[CPP Investment Board]], Light Street Capital, [[Sequoia Capital]] dan [[Silver Lake Partners]], itu akan mendanai tender $525 juta untuk memungkinkan pemegang saham umum Unity menjual saham mereka di perusahaan.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Matney |first1=Lucas |title=Unity, now valued at $6B, raising up to $525M |url=https://techcrunch.com/2019/07/25/unity-now-valued-at-6b-raising-up-to-525m/ |website=Tech Crunch |accessdate=4 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190804060053/https://techcrunch.com/2019/07/25/unity-now-valued-at-6b-raising-up-to-525m/ |archive-date=4 August 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref> Unity Technologies juga membeli perusahaan analitik permainan [[deltaDNA]] pada September 2019 untuk persyaratan yang tidak diungkapkan,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/2019-09-20-unity-acquires-deltadna |title=Unity acquires deltaDNA |first=Brendan |last=Sinclair |date=20 September 2019 |website=[[GamesIndustry.biz]] |access-date=30 September 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190930151940/https://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/2019-09-20-unity-acquires-deltadna |archive-date=30 September 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref> serta platform manajemen game langsung, ChilliConnect, pada Oktober 2019,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://venturebeat.com/2019/10/03/unity-acquires-live-game-management-platform-chilliconnect/ |title=Unity acquires live game management platform ChilliConnect |first=Mike |last=Minotti |date=3 October 2019 |website=[[VentureBeat]] |access-date=3 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191003203448/https://venturebeat.com/2019/10/03/unity-acquires-live-game-management-platform-chilliconnect/ |archive-date=3 October 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref> dan layanan streaming aplikasi 3D Furioos creator Obvioos pada November 2019.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/2019-11-01-unity-acquires-cloud-video-streaming-service-creator-obvioos |title=Unity acquires cloud application streaming service creator Obvioos |first=Rebekah |last=Valentine |date=1 November 2019 |website=[[GamesIndustry.biz]] |access-date=5 November 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191105145701/https://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/2019-11-01-unity-acquires-cloud-video-streaming-service-creator-obvioos |archive-date=5 November 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref> Pada Maret 2020 diumumkan bahwa Unity Technologies mengakuisisi [[Artomatix]], sebuah perusahaan yang mengembangkan alat pembuatan material yang dibantu AI yang disebut ArtEngine.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://blogs.unity3d.com/2020/03/10/artomatix-joins-unity-bringing-ai-assisted-artistry-to-material-creation-workflows/|title=Artomatix joins Unity, bringing AI-assisted artistry to material creation workflows - Unity Technologies Blog|date=2020-03-10|website=blogs.unity3d.com|language=en-US|access-date=2020-03-11}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gamasutra.com/view/news/359351/Unity_acquires_AIdriven_art_software_company_and_ArtEngine_maker_Artomatix.php|title=Unity acquires AI-driven art software company and ArtEngine maker Artomatix|last=Kerr|first=Chris|website=www.gamasutra.com|language=en|access-date=2020-03-11}}</ref>
Pada bulan Juni 2020, Unity mengumumkan bahwa mereka telah bermitra dengan Apple untuk memperbarui Unity Engine agar berjalan di [[Apple Silicon]] yang dilengkapi Mac dengan rilis 2020.2, yang memungkinkan pengembang permainan memperbarui permainan mereka untuk mendukung platform [[perangkat keras]] baru. Versi Apple Silicon-porting dari Unity Editor didemokan selama acara WWDC 2020 Platforms State of the Union.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-06-22|title=Unity coming to Apple siliconUnity, Apple silicon 지원Unity、Apple Silicon に対応へ - Unity Technologies Blog|url=https://blogs.unity3d.com/2020/06/22/unity-coming-to-apple-silicon/|access-date=2020-06-26|website=blogs.unity3d.com|language=en-US}}</ref> Pada 17 Agustus tahun itu, Unity menyatakan bahwa mereka telah mengakuisisi Software Codice, yang membuat sistem [[kontrol versi terdistribusi]] [[Plastic SCM]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Barton|first=Seth|date=2020-08-17|title=Unity acquires Plastic SCM developer Codice Software {{!}} Development News|url=https://www.mcvuk.com/development-news/unity-acquires-plastic-scm-developer-codice-software/|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2020-08-17|website=MCV/DEVELOP|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Takahashi|first=Dean|date=2020-08-17|title=Unity acquires Codice Software to manage 3D workflows|url=https://venturebeat.com/2020/08/17/unity-acquires-codice-software-to-manage-3d-workflows/|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2020-08-17|website=VentureBeat|language=en-US}}</ref>
Unity mengumumkan rencananya untuk menawarkan [[penawaran umum perdana]] (IPO) pada bulan agustus 2020,<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/2020-08-24-unity-prepping-an-ipo | title = Unity prepping an IPO | first = Brendan | last= Sinclair | date = August 24, 2020 | accessdate = September 18, 2020 | work = [[GamesIndustry.biz]] }}</ref> Dan menyelesaikan IPO pada tanggal 17 September 2020 dengan total {{USD|1.3 billion}}, Di atas harga sasaran, dan mulai berdagang sebagai perusahaan publik di [[New York Stock Exchange]] di bawah ticker {{NYSE|U}} Pada hari berikutnya. IPO memberikan nilai persatuan yang diperkirakan bernilai {{USD|13.7 billion}}.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://uk.reuters.com/article/us-unity-software-ipo/unity-sells-shares-in-1-3-billion-u-s-ipo-above-target-range-idUKKBN2683E2 |title = Unity sells shares in $1.3 billion U.S. IPO above target range | first1 = Joshua | last1 = Franklin | first2 = Anirban | last2 = Sen | date = September 18, 2020 | accessdate = September 18, 2020 | publisher = [[Reuters]] }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Business|first=Shannon Liao, CNN|title=Unity Software shares surge 44% in Wall Street debut as IPO market sizzles|url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/09/18/tech/unity-ipo-video-games/index.html|access-date=2020-09-18|website=CNN}}</ref>
== Urusan Perusahaan ==
Unity Technologies adalah [[perusahaan publik]] yang berbasis di San Francisco, California; IPO-nya dilakukan pada September 2020.<ref>{{cite news |title=Game development platform Unity Software sets terms for $950 million IPO |author=Renaissance Capital |url=https://www.nasdaq.com/articles/game-development-platform-unity-software-sets-terms-for-%24950-million-ipo-2020-09-09 |date=9 September 2020 |accessdate=18 September 2020 |archive-url= |archive-date= |url-status=live }}</ref> {{As of|2018}}, perusahaan mempekerjakan lebih dari 2.000 orang di kantor-kantor di Amerika Utara, Eropa dan Asia.<ref name="Kelliher" /><ref name="Bonfiglio">{{cite news |title=DeepMind partners with gaming company for AI research |last1=Bonfiglio |first1=Nahila |url=https://www.dailydot.com/debug/unity-deempind-ai/ |work=The Daily Dot |date=1 October 2018 |accessdate=17 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181002122834/https://www.dailydot.com/debug/unity-deempind-ai/ |archive-date=2 October 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref
Pada 2017, Unity Technologies meluncurkan Unity Without Borders, sebuah program yang mensponsori 50 programmer video game dari Timur Tengah untuk menghadiri konferensi Unity's Unite Europe di Amsterdam.<ref name="Travel">{{cite news |title=Unity Without Borders sponsors game developers affected by Trump's travel ban |last1=Takahashi |first1=Dean |url=https://venturebeat.com/2017/03/08/unity-without-borders-program-sponsors-game-developers-affected-by-trumps-travel-ban/ |work=VentureBeat |date=8 March 2018 |accessdate=17 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180814233918/https://venturebeat.com/2017/03/08/unity-without-borders-program-sponsors-game-developers-affected-by-trumps-travel-ban/ |archive-date=14 August 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref> Pemrogram video game bersponsor Unity Without Borders terpengaruh oleh [[Executive Order 13769|pembatasan perjalanan]] oleh pemerintahan Presiden Donald Trump.<ref name="Travel" />
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