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(32 revisi perantara oleh 21 pengguna tidak ditampilkan)
Baris 1:
{{Ensiklopedia Islam|Muhammad}}
{{Eskatologi Islam}}
'''Barzakh''' ([[bahasa Arab]]<big><big> برزخ</big></big>) adalah [[alam]] [[kubur]] (alias [[Syeol]]) yang membatasi antara [[dunia]] dan [[akhirat]]. Barzakh menjadi tempat persinggahan sementara [[jasad]] [[makhluk]] sampai dibangkitkannya pada hari [[kiamat]]. Penghuni barzakh berada di tepi dunia (masa lalu) dan akhirat (masa depan). Menurut [[syariat Islam]] di alam Barzakh ini, sang mayat akan bertemu dengan para [[Malaikat]] [[Munkar dan Nakir]], sedangkan ada pendapat lain ada yang mengatakan jika yang mereka datangimeninggal adalah orang [[mukmin]] yang diberi taufik, maka yang akan datang adalah para malaikat yang bernama Mubassyar dan Basyir.<ref>[http://blogwongjowo.blogspot.com/2012/02/masalah-pertanyaan-malaikat-munkar-dan.html Masalah Pertanyaan Malaikat Munkar dan Nankir, Azab dan Nikmat Alam Kubur]</ref>
 
== Etimologi ==
Secara harfiah Barzakh berarti jarak waktu atau penghalang antara 2 hal dan tidak ada yang sanggup melewatinya.<ref>[http://www.islamonline.net/servlet/Satellite?pagename=IslamOnline-English-Ask_Scholar/FatwaE/FatwaE&cid=1119503544966 "Barzakh (Barrier) which they do not transgress - A life in the grave"]{{Pranala mati|date=Februari 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Menurut syariat Islam barzakh berarti tempat yang berada di antara maut dan kebangkitan, menurut firman Allah dalam [[Al-Quran]] Surah Al Mu'minuun: 100, {{cquote|''Di hadapan mereka ada dinding sampai hari mereka dibangkitkan.” Ia menjawab, itu adalah alam antara kematian dan kebangkitan kembali.'' (Al Mu'minuun, 100)}}
Dengan kata lain tempat yang disebut barzakh adalah mulai dari waktu kematian sampai dibangkitkan hidup kembali.
 
Baris 10:
Seseorang yang telah mati tidak akan mengetahui kehidupan dari orang yang masih hidup karena ia tinggal di dalam dunia yang benar-benar beda. Bagaimanapun, dikisahkan bahwa seseorang yang mati dapat merasakan langkah kaki dari orang berjalan.
 
Dikisahkan bahwa Nabi Muhammad melihat seseorang yang berada di dalam sumur, yang mana tubuh dari engkau menemukan kebenaran tentang Tuhan yang dijanjikan kepadamu?" Umar bertanya, "Engkau menyapa orang mati." Muhammad menjawab, "Mereka mendengar lebih baik daripada kamu, tetapi mereka tidak bisa membalasnya."<ref>Hadits riwayat [[Imam Bukhari]].</ref>
 
Manusia sudah akan mengetahui nasibnya ketika mereka berada di barzakh. Apakah termasuk penghuni surga atau neraka. Jika seseorang menjadi penghuni surga, maka dibukakan baginya pintu surga, hawa sejuk surga akan mereka rasakan setiap pagi dan sore. Sebaliknya jika menjadi penghuni neraka, pintu neraka pun akan dibukakan untuknya dan dia akan merasakan hawa panas neraka setiap pagi dan sore.
Baris 27:
 
=== Hadits tentang azab kubur ===
Ada hadits yang menceritakan tentang siksa kubur, di antaranya adalah dari [[Ibnu Abbas]]. Ia berkata, Nabi Muhammad melewati salah satu dinding dari dinding-dinding [[Madinah]] atau [[Makkah]], lalu dia mendengar suara dua orang manusia yang sedang disiksa di dalam kuburnya. Nabi bersabda, "Dua orang sedang disiksa dan keduanya tidak disiksa karena dosa besar." Kemudian dia bersabda, "Yang seorang tidak bertirai dalam berkencing dan yang lain berjalan dengan mencaci maki." Kemudian dia minta diambilkan pelepah kormakurma yang basah, lalu dibelah menjadi dua dan dia letakkan pada masing-masing kuburan itu satu belahan. Lalu dikatakan, "Wahai rasulullah, kenapakah engkau perbuat ini??" Dia bersabda, "Mudah-mudahan keduanya diringankan selama dua belah ini belum kering?"<ref name="Hadits riwayat Imam Bukhari">Hadits riwayat Imam Bukhari.</ref>
 
== Tiga kelompok di Barzakh ==
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<!-- The question of reward and punishment in Barzakh is very complicated. Allah decides everything according to His own plan, which, of course, is based upon mercy and justice - justice for all and mercy for the believers. Obviously, every case is dealt with its own merit. Therefore, it is very difficult to lay down any hard and fast rule. Still, what appears from the traditions of the Masumeen (a.s.) may be summed up as follows:
Different types of people get different types of treatment after death and before the Day of Resurrection.
 
* Pertama:
there are true believers, perfect in their faith virtuous in their deeds. They lived a blameless life, and if there was some mistake or sin (because 'to err is human') their worldly troubles (illness, poverty, death of near and dear ones, troublesome neighbors or tyrant spouse, etc.) and/or agony at the time of death were sufficient to be counted as its retribution and atonement.
 
Allah knows that they deserve reward. Still, the Day of Judgment has not arrived, and they can not be sent to the Paradise straight away. By the rule of the Law, they should be left without any reward till they are resurrected; but the Mercy of Allah decrees that they should not be left in abeyance. Therefore, they are questioned about their beliefs, and on giving correct answers, they enter a state of bliss, which gives them the satisfaction of knowing that their future is assured: They find pleasure and happiness in their grave, and wait eagerly for the Day of Judgment.
 
* Kedua:
the confirmed unbelievers and hypocrites, whose lives are devoid of any good deed: Or if there was any good deed, the worldly blessings (health, wealth, good family and friends, prestige and power, etc.) and/or the ease at the time of death were sufficient rewards.
 
Allah knows that their place is Jahannam (Hell): but He will not send them there before the Day of Judgment. So, to give them a fore-taste of their punishment, they are questioned about their beliefs, and when they do not give correct answers, their graves are turned into punishment cells. And they wish the Quiyamat would not come at all.
 
Here it should be mentioned that the reward or punishment of Barzakh is different from that of Paradise or Hell. The reward or punishment of Barzakh is for the soul only. It is for this reason that we do not see anyone being rewarded or punished in the grave. In the traditions of the Masumeen (a.s.), it has been compared to happy dreams or nightmares. The person who is dreaming is going through all the tortures in the dreams; but the man sitting besides him does not realize what is going on. Likewise, the joys of dream are not known to others at all.
 
But again it is not a strict rule. Some exceptions have been observed whereas the dead-body was found enjoying some rewards, (a heavenly rose put near the nose, for example or undergoing some torture (a scorpion stinging at the toe, for instance.). But these are the exceptions that prove the rule.
 
* Ketiga:
is of those who are neither perfect believers nor confirmed unbelievers. The children, the lunatics, those who because of one reason or another were not in a position to differentiate between the right and wrong path, those who were so far from Islamic environment that they were not aware of the truth of Islam, those who did not know about Islam but at the same time were not enemies of Islam, those whose religious beliefs were not based upon logical understanding but they just followed what their families were following; even those non-believers who love the Holy Prophet (s.a.w.) and his Ahlul-Bait (a.s.), without knowing that they were the True Guides sent by Allah; all such people come under this group.
 
Such people will not be subject to the questioning and squeeze of the grave. They will be left in a state like deep slumber; and Allah will decide about them on the Day of Judgment. Till then, there is neither reward nor punishment for them.
 
After these three main groups, there still remains a group in between, which must be described here to complete the picture. This group is of those who had committed so many sins that could not be wiped out by worldly troubles and agony of death. Now, if Allah decides such a believer should come on the Day of Judgment clean from all blemishes and free from all sins, then He may put him under punishment which has been referred to in the Hadith of Imam Ja'far as-Sadiq (a.s.) which was mentioned earlier:
"We will intercede on your behalf on the Day of Judgment; but, by Allah, I am worried about you whilst you would be in Barzakh."
On the other hand, if Allah decides to leave his case in suspense till Quiyamat, then it will fall under the third group. Anyhow, all these things depend upon the Justice and Mercy of Allah. We have not been told enough to know all the details about all the groups.
 
It is about the first and second group (as well as the last mentioned believers who will be punished in Barzakh) that the Holy Prophet (s.a.w.) has said: "When one dies his Quiyamat starts." In this sense the Barzakh is called "Quiyamat-e-Sughra" (the Lesser Quiyamat). -->
 
== Keadaan roh dalam Barzakh ==
* Roh nabi dan rasul
Roh mereka berada di tempat yang paling baik dan paling tinggi.<ref>Aisyah mendengar Muhammad {{saw}} dalam detik-detik terakhir kehidupannya mengucapkan doa, “Ya Allah tempatkanlah aku di tempat tertinggi (Arf d y eAr Rafiq al A’la).” (H.R. [[Bukhari]]).</ref>
 
* Roh syuhada
Roh para syuhada berada di tengah-tengah [[burung]] hijau dan memiliki lampu yang tergantung di langit, roh itu dapat keluar dari surga sekehendaknya, kemudian bisa kembali ke pelita tersebut, menurut kisah dari [[Masruq bin al-Ajda|Masruq]] ketika bertanya kepada [[Abdullah Binbin Mas’udMas'ud]].<ref>Masruq bertanya kapada Abdullah Binbin Mas’udMas'ud menjawab, roh mereka berada di tengah-tengah burung hijau dan memiliki lampu pelita yang tergantung di langit. Roh itu dapat keluar dari surga sekehendak dirinya, kemudian kembali ke pelita tersebut.”(H.R. [[Imam Muslim]])</ref>. Firman Allah dalam Ali Imran: 169, “ Janganlah kamu mengira bahwa orang-orang yang gugur dijalan Allah itu mati, tetapi mereka itu di sisi Tuhannya dengan mendapat rezeki.” (Ali Imran: 169).
 
Roh sebagian syuhada dan bukan semua syuhada, sebab di antara meraka ada yang rohnya tertahan karena memiliki hutang yang belum ditunaikan. Dari [[Abdullah Binbin Jahsy]] diceritakan bahwa ada seorang lelaki datang kepada Muhammad dan bertanya, ”Ya rasulullah apa yang terjadi padaku jika akau terbunuh dijalan Allah?” Muhammad menjawab, “Syurga,” Ketika orang berpaling, Dia berpaling” kecuali ada hutang, baru saja [[Jibril]] memberi tahu aku.”
 
* Roh mukmin yang saleh
Roh mereka seperti burung yang begelantungan di pohon surga sampai dikembalikan oleh Allah ke jasadnya pada hari [[kiamat]].<ref>Dalam hadits diriwayatkan oleh [[Abdurrahman bin Ka’abKa'ab bin Malik]], Muhammad bersabda, “Jika roh seorang muslim itu laksana burung yang bergelantungan di pohon surga sampai Allah mengembalikannya ke jasadnya pada hari kiamat.”(H.R. Ahmad).</ref> Perbedaan antara roh para syuhada dengan roh kaum mukmin adalah bahwa roh syuhada berada di sangkar burung hijau sambil terlepas berjasan ke sana kemari di taman syurga, lalu kembali ke lampu pelita yang tergantung di [['Arsy|'Arasy]], sedangkan roh kaum mukmin berada di sangkar burung tergantung di surga tetapi tidak berjalan ke sana-ke sini di surga.
 
* Roh orang maksiat
Baris 76 ⟶ 49:
* Roh orang kafir
Disebutkan dalam hadits Abu Hurairah bahwa setelah melukiskan keadaan orang beriman sampai menempati tempatnya di surga, Muhammad menyebut keadaan orang kafir beserta sekarat yang dialaminya. Setelah rohnya dicabut, roh yang keluar dari jasad orang kafir baunya busuk sampai para malaikat yang membawanya ke pintu bumi berteriak, “Alangkah busuknya roh ini.” Kemudian mereka membawanya bertemu dengan roh-roh kafir lainnya.
 
== Lihat pula ==
* [[Sheol]]
 
== Catatan kaki ==
Baris 82 ⟶ 58:
== Referensi ==
{{Refbegin}}
* [http://www.islamonline.net/servlet/Satellite?pagename=IslamOnline-English-Ask_Scholar/FatwaE/FatwaE&cid=1119503544966 Barzakh di islamonline.net]{{Pranala mati|date=Februari 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
{{Refend}}
 
== Pranala luar ==
* http://www.islamfrominside.com/Pages/Tafsir/Tafsir(10-30).html
* http://www.dakwatuna.com/2007/perjalanan-hidup-manusia/{{Pranala mati|date=Juli 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
* http://www.as-sidq.org/barzakh.html{{Pranala mati|date=Februari 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} The Life Beyond the Grave - Conditions of Barzakh
 
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