Peranan seks dan gender dalam Gereja Katolik: Perbedaan antara revisi

Dalam Gereja Katolik, hanya kaum pria yang dapat menjadi klerus [[penahbisan|tertahbis]] melalui [[Sakramen Imamat (Gereja Katolik)|Sakramen Imamat]], sebagai [[Uskup (Gereja Katolik)|uskup]], [[Keimaman dalam Gereja Katolik|imam]], atau [[diakon]]. (lih. [[hierarki Gereja Katolik]]) Semua klerus yang adalah uskup membentuk [[Dewan Uskup|Kolegium para Uskup]] dan dipandang sebagai penerus-penerus [[Kedua belas rasul|para rasul]].<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |title=Canon 42|url=http://www.intratext.com/IXT/ENG1199/_P16.HTM|publisher=Vatican|work=1983 [[Canon law (Catholic Church)|Code of Canon Law]]|accessdate=9 March 2008}}</ref><ref>{{en}} {{cite web |title=Canon 375|url=http://www.vatican.va/archive/ENG1104/__P1D.HTM|publisher=Vatican|work=1983 [[Canon law (Catholic Church)|Code of Canon Law]]|accessdate=9 March 2008}}</ref>{{#tag:ref|Hanya para uskup yang dapat melayankan Sakramen Imamat atau Tahbisan; dan, dalam [[Ritus Latin]], [[Penguatan]] umumnya dilayankan oleh mereka.<ref name="OneFaith114">Barry, p. 114.</ref> Para uskup bertanggung jawab mengajar dan memimpin umat beriman dalam keuskupan mereka masing-masing, berbagi tugas dengan para imam dan diakon yang melayani di bawah otoritas mereka. Hanya para imam dan uskup yang dapat mempersembahkan [[Ekaristi]] serta melayankan [[Sakramen Tobat (Gereja Katolik)|Sakramen Rekonsiliasi]] dan [[Pengurapan Orang Sakit]]. Mereka dan para diakon dapat berkhotbah, mengajar, membaptis, menjadi saksi perkawinan, dan memimpin ibadat pemakaman.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |title=Frequently Asked Questions About Deacons|url=http://www.usccb.org/deacon/faqs.shtml|author=Committee on the Diaconate|publisher=United States Conference of Catholic Bishops|accessdate=9 March 2008|archive-date=2008-02-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080224174854/http://www.usccb.org/deacon/faqs.shtml|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Baptisan biasanya dilakukan oleh kaum klerus, tetapi juga merupakan satu-satunya sakramen yang dapat dilayankan dalam keadaan darurat oleh semua umat Katolik atau bahkan seorang non-Katolik "yang memiliki niat membaptis menurut keyakinan Gereja Katolik".<ref name="Shreck227">Schreck, p. 227.</ref> Kaum pria yang telah menikah dapat menjadi diakon, tetapi hanya kaum pria yang [[selibat]] yang biasanya dapat ditahbiskan sebagai imam dalam [[Ritus Latin]].<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |title=Canon 1037|url=http://www.vatican.va/archive/ENG1104/__P3R.HTM|publisher=Vatican|work=1983 [[Canon law (Catholic Church)|Code of Canon Law]]|accessdate=9 March 2008}}</ref><ref>{{en}} {{cite web |title=Canon 1031|url=http://www.vatican.va/archive/ENG1104/__P3Q.HTM|publisher=Vatican|work=1983 [[Canon law (Catholic Church)|Code of Canon Law]]|accessdate=9 March 2008}}</ref> Kaum klerus pria yang telah menikah, yang adalah konver ke dalam Gereja Katolik dari denominasi Kristen lainnya, terkadang dikecualikan dari aturan tersebut.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |last=Cholij| first=Roman|title=Priestly Celibacy in Patristics and in the History of the Church|url=http://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/congregations/cclergy/documents/rc_con_cclergy_doc_01011993_chisto_en.html|publisher=Vatican|year=1993|accessdate=6 April 2008}}</ref> [[Gereja Katolik Timur]] menahbiskan kaum pria yang selibat maupun yang telah menikah.<ref>{{en}} {{cite news | last =Niebuhur| first =Gustav| title =Bishop's Quiet Action Allows Priest Both Flock And Family| work =The New York Times| date =16 February 1997| url =https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9C07EEDD133FF935A25751C0A961958260&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=all|accessdate=4 April 2008}}</ref><ref>{{la}} {{cite web | title = 1990 Codex Canonum Ecclesiarum Orientalium, Canons 285, 373, 374, 758| publisher = Libreria Editrice Vaticana| year = 1990| url = http://www.gwo.cz/pravda/1990_Code_of_Canon_Law.htm| accessdate = 12 September 2008| archive-date = 2011-10-05| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20111005070018/http://www.gwo.cz/pravda/1990_Code_of_Canon_Law.htm| dead-url = yes}}</ref> Semua ritus Gereja Katolik mempertahankan tradisi kuno bahwa pernikahan tidak diperbolehkan setelah penahbisan. Kaum pria dengan kecenderungan homoseksual sementara dapat ditahbiskan menjadi diakon setelah tiga tahun menjalani hidup [[doa]] dan [[kemurnian (kebajikan)|kemurnian]], tetapi, kaum pria homoseksual yang aktif secara seksual, atau mereka yang memiliki akar kecenderungan homoseksual mendalam, tidak dapat ditahbiskan.<ref name="vatdocord">{{en}} {{cite news |url=http://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/congregations/ccatheduc/documents/rc_con_ccatheduc_doc_20051104_istruzione_en.html|author=Pope Benedict XVI|publisher=Vatican|date= 4 November 2005|title=Instruction Concerning the Criteria for the Discernment of Vocations with regard to Persons with Homosexual Tendencies in view of their Admission to the Seminary and to Holy Orders|accessdate=9 March 2008}}</ref>|group=note}}

[[Berkas:EstasiEcstasy diof SantaSt. Teresa HDR.jpg|ka|jmpl|''[[Ekstase Santa Teresa]]'' dalam basilika [[Santa Maria della Vittoria]] di [[Roma]] karya [[Gian Lorenzo Bernini]], seorang seniman [[barok]] Italia.]]

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